大學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤分析

[摘 要] 本文以某獨(dú)立學(xué)院非英語(yǔ)專業(yè)大一某幾個(gè)班學(xué)生的作文為例，分析了他們?cè)谟⒄Z(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中出現(xiàn)的常見(jiàn)的語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤類型，其目的在于讓學(xué)生意識(shí)到自己在英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中可能常犯的錯(cuò)誤并且加以改正，不斷提高英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作水平。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 大學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作；錯(cuò)誤分析

由于學(xué)生在初、高中階段對(duì)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練甚少，因此進(jìn)入大學(xué)后他們?cè)谟⒄Z(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中存在很多問(wèn)題，特別是非英語(yǔ)專業(yè)學(xué)生沒(méi)有專門(mén)的英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作課，寫(xiě)作技巧更是缺乏。本文以某獨(dú)立學(xué)院非英語(yǔ)專業(yè)大一學(xué)生為例，分析了他們?cè)谟⒄Z(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中出現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，其目的在于讓學(xué)生意識(shí)到自己在英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中可能常犯的錯(cuò)誤并且加以改正，不斷提高英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作水平。就學(xué)生作文的錯(cuò)誤而言，主要分為以下幾類：

一、主語(yǔ)用錯(cuò)

1、無(wú)主語(yǔ)

如讓某班同學(xué)寫(xiě)一篇題為進(jìn)校后對(duì)大學(xué)的感受的作文，有同學(xué)寫(xiě)到：

In my college feels comfortable.

正確的表述應(yīng)該是I feel comfortable in my college.

2、非名詞作主語(yǔ)

同樣是寫(xiě)一篇題為進(jìn)校后對(duì)大學(xué)的感受的作文，有同學(xué)寫(xiě)到：

Find a part-time job at college is helpful.

正確的表述應(yīng)該是Finding a part-time job at college is helpful.

3、主語(yǔ)用錯(cuò)

同樣是寫(xiě)一篇題為進(jìn)校后對(duì)大學(xué)的感受的作文，有同學(xué)寫(xiě)到：

Reading as many books as possible can acquire knowledge at college.

如：We can acquire knowledge if we read as many books as possible at college.

4、前后主語(yǔ)不一致

如讓某班同學(xué)寫(xiě)一篇題為住房問(wèn)題的作文，有同學(xué)寫(xiě)到：

Having pulled down one-family houses， more tall apartment buildings are built.

前句的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是人，而后句的主語(yǔ)是more tall apartment buildings， 很明顯前后主語(yǔ)不一致， 正確的表述應(yīng)該是：

Having pulled down one-family houses， the government built more tall apartment buildings.

二、謂語(yǔ)錯(cuò)誤

1、多重謂語(yǔ)

同樣是寫(xiě)一篇題為進(jìn)校后對(duì)大學(xué)的感受的作文，有同學(xué)寫(xiě)到：

There are many students read English in the morning at college.

正確的表述應(yīng)該是There are many students reading English in the morning at college.

或者是 Many students read English in the morning at college.

2、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

如讓某班同學(xué)寫(xiě)一篇題為交通問(wèn)題的作文，有同學(xué)寫(xiě)到：

Many people buy cars nowadays， but some people against it because it causes traffic problems.

正確的表述應(yīng)該是：Many people buy cars nowadays， but some people are against it because it causes traffic problems. 因?yàn)閍gainst 不是動(dòng)詞，所以應(yīng)該用be against

3、主謂不一致

在學(xué)生的作文里最常見(jiàn)的主謂不一致就是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱主語(yǔ)后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞忘記加單三形式的錯(cuò)誤。

同樣是寫(xiě)一篇題為住房問(wèn)題的作文，有同學(xué)寫(xiě)到：

The government decide to pull down one-family houses and build more tall apartment buildings.

正確的表述應(yīng)該是 The government decides to pull down one-family houses and build more tall apartment buildings.

4、誤用詞組

同樣是寫(xiě)一篇題為住房問(wèn)題的作文，有同學(xué)寫(xiě)到：

The housing problems in the city become serious because of more and more people move to the city.

because of 后面接名詞或名詞性的短語(yǔ)而because后面接句子，所以這里應(yīng)該用because。

正確的表述應(yīng)該是 The housing problems in the city become serious because more and more people move to the city.

三、破句

同樣是寫(xiě)一篇題為住房問(wèn)題的作文，有同學(xué)寫(xiě)到：

Nowadays， the housing problem becomes serious. Because many people move to the cities.

正確的表述應(yīng)該是Nowadays， the housing problem becomes serious because many people move to the cities.

四、搭配錯(cuò)誤

同樣是寫(xiě)一篇題為住房問(wèn)題的作文，有同學(xué)寫(xiě)到：

The housing price is so expensive that many people can't buy a house.

正確的表述應(yīng)該是The housing price is so high that many people can't buy a house.

同樣是寫(xiě)一篇題為交通問(wèn)題的作文，有同學(xué)寫(xiě)到：

Crowded traffic in some big cities is a big problem.

正確的表述應(yīng)該是 Heavy traffic in some big cities is a big problem.

五、詞匯錯(cuò)誤

1、代詞錯(cuò)誤

主要是前后人稱代詞不一致

同樣是寫(xiě)一篇題為進(jìn)校后對(duì)大學(xué)的感受的作文，有同學(xué)寫(xiě)到：

If we study hard at college， you will find a good job after graduation.

很明顯前句的主語(yǔ)是we， 后句的主語(yǔ)是you， 正確的表述應(yīng)該是：

If we study hard at college， we will find a good job after graduation.

2、冠詞錯(cuò)誤

同樣是寫(xiě)一篇題為交通問(wèn)題的作文，有同學(xué)寫(xiě)到：

In my opinion， car can cause a lot of pollution.

正確的表述應(yīng)該是：In my opinion， cars can cause a lot of pollution.

3、形容詞、副詞誤用

同樣是寫(xiě)一篇題為進(jìn)校后對(duì)大學(xué)的感受的作文，有同學(xué)寫(xiě)到：

College life is quite differently from that in high school.

be動(dòng)詞后面應(yīng)該用形容詞，正確的表述應(yīng)該是 College life is quite different from that in high school.

I feel happily at college.

系動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)用形容詞，所以正確的表述應(yīng)該是I feel happy at college.

4、形容詞、名詞誤用

同樣是寫(xiě)一篇題為住房問(wèn)題的作文，有同學(xué)寫(xiě)到：

With the development of the economic， more and more people move to the city.

這里economic是形容詞，此處應(yīng)該用名詞。正確的表述應(yīng)該是With the development of the economy， more and more people move to the city.

5、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式或過(guò)去分詞誤用

主要是一些不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的誤用，有些同學(xué)因?yàn)椴涣私舛诤竺婕觘d.

6、單詞拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤

由于對(duì)詞匯的記憶欠牢固，有的同學(xué)憑印象去拼寫(xiě)單詞而沒(méi)有通過(guò)查詞典去核實(shí)，因此容易出現(xiàn)單詞的拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤。

六、中式英語(yǔ)

同樣是寫(xiě)一篇題為進(jìn)校后對(duì)大學(xué)的感受的作文，有同學(xué)寫(xiě)到：

I very like my college.

正確的表述應(yīng)該是 I like my college very much.

同樣是寫(xiě)一篇題為交通問(wèn)題的作文，有同學(xué)寫(xiě)到：

My high school teacher met a traffic accident.

正確的表述應(yīng)該是 My high school teacher had a traffic accident.

參考文獻(xiàn)：

[1]苗淑華，石廣清，曹輝.大學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作錯(cuò)誤分析[J]. 天津：天津市經(jīng)理學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)，2006（4）.

[2]趙玉珊，劉娜娜.基于英漢運(yùn)思差異的大學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作錯(cuò)誤分析[J].山東：濰坊教育學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)，2008（6）.

作者簡(jiǎn)介：梅妮（1985—），女，湖北松滋人。工作單位：長(zhǎng)江大學(xué)文理學(xué)院。 職稱：講師。 學(xué)歷：本科，畢業(yè)院校：長(zhǎng)江大學(xué)。研究方向：二語(yǔ)習(xí)得。