克蔻加爾維綜合學(xué)校，埃斯波，芬蘭

建筑設(shè)計：維斯塔斯建筑師事務(wù)所

ACHITECTS: Verstas Architects

1 外景/Exterior views

芬蘭教育最近幾年在國際教育比較（國際學(xué)生評價項目）中排名遙遙領(lǐng)先。成功的原因之一是，芬蘭政府投資建設(shè)高質(zhì)量的學(xué)校建筑，為新項目組織競賽。2006年，維斯塔斯建筑師事務(wù)所的設(shè)計在埃斯波克蔻加爾維學(xué)校的公開競賽中獲勝。埃斯波的薩烏娜拉赫蒂學(xué)校是維斯塔斯事務(wù)所另一個獲得競賽優(yōu)勝的校園項目，預(yù)計在2012年完工。對于維斯塔斯事務(wù)所來說，這些項目的首要目標(biāo)是創(chuàng)造出結(jié)合功能、舒適、高效、生態(tài)的校園設(shè)計。

2012年，赫爾辛基與周邊城市埃斯波、萬塔、考尼埃寧和拉赫蒂一起，被選為“世界設(shè)計之都”。今年的主題——“將設(shè)計融入生活”——非常適合維斯塔斯事務(wù)所校園設(shè)計的理念。

克蔻加爾維學(xué)校設(shè)有學(xué)前教育和1－9年級，學(xué)生年齡在6－16歲之間。競賽時獲選設(shè)計的標(biāo)題是“兄弟”，闡明了建筑布局的特點。中學(xué)與公共空間（如，餐廳、健身房）形成了平面中較大的曲線形區(qū)域，被稱為“大哥哥”。其他空間，稱為“小弟弟”，容納了更小、更親密的小學(xué)部室內(nèi)空間。

“我們希望學(xué)校能像一個小型的富于活力的城市那樣，”維斯塔斯事務(wù)所的建筑師尤西·帕爾瓦說，“所有的班級都有自己的活動區(qū)，有圍繞著教室的專屬前廳和入口。雖然活動區(qū)被從公共中心區(qū)分離出來，但仍然讓它們與公共區(qū)的距離盡量短?！泵總€活動區(qū)有其獨特的色調(diào)主題，方便孩子們在樓里進(jìn)行定位。

在芬蘭，鼓勵孩子們到戶外活動?？宿⒓訝柧S學(xué)校的室內(nèi)活動區(qū)與院落之間聯(lián)系得十分緊密，這令室外活動變得更吸引人。建筑平面分成幾塊，讓不同年齡的孩子們都能有一塊具有適宜朝向的院落區(qū)域。與小學(xué)部連接的院子朝向早晨的太陽，而中學(xué)部學(xué)生在校時間更長，他們會很喜歡下午的陽光。

磚立面利用了磚各種各樣的特性，融合了不同的砌磚法和粘結(jié)技術(shù)。木立面面向?qū)W校的院子，上面有長長的屋檐遮陽。這些墻體并不太高，營造出小小的令人有安全感的氛圍。當(dāng)?shù)鼐用褚部梢允褂脤W(xué)校設(shè)施。晚上，健身房、音樂和手工教室以及多功能空間都為不同的愛好俱樂部所利用?？宿⒓訝柧S學(xué)校將地?zé)帷⑻柲茏鳛槟茉?。學(xué)校為孩子們做了一個建成環(huán)境的榜樣，也提供了生態(tài)教育的框架。2011年7月，克蔻加爾維學(xué)校被芝加哥美術(shù)館、建筑設(shè)計博物館與建筑藝術(shù)設(shè)計和城市研究歐洲中心選為2011年國際建筑大獎的獲勝項目。這棟建筑是芬蘭唯一的獲獎項目。□（葉揚 譯）

2 外景/Exterior views

3 平面/Floor plan

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5 外景/Exterior views

6 內(nèi)景/Interior views

Finnish education has been ranked very high in international comparison (Programme for International Student Assessment, PISA) in recent years. One of the reasons for Finland's success is that municipalities invest in quality school architecture and organize architectural competitions for new projects. Verstas Architects' entry won the open competition for Kirkkoj?rvi school in Espoo, Finland in 2006. Saunalahti school, another competition winning project by Verstas in Espoo, is set for completion in 2012. For Verstas Architects, the primary goal of these projects has been to create school designs that combine functionality, comfort, efficiency and ecology.

In 2012 Helsinki, together with the neighbouring cities of Espoo, Vantaa, Kauniainen and Lahti, will be World Design Capital. The theme of the yearembedding design in life－fits well with the ideas behind Verstas' school designs.

Kirkkoj?rvi school houses pre-school and grades 1－9, with students aged between 6－16 years old. The name of the competition entry, "Veljet"(Finnish for "Brothers"), describes the layout of the building. Secondary school and common spaces,such as the dining hall and gymnasium, form the larger curved mass, or the bigger brother. The other mass, the little brother, houses the smaller, intimate and domestic spaces of the primary school.

"We wanted to make a school that works like a small, lively city," says architect Jussi Palva of Verstas Architects. "All classes have their own home areas with dedicated lobbies and entrances,around which the classrooms are organized. The home areas are separated from the more public central space, yet the distances are kept as short as possible."Each home area has its own unique colour scheme, making it easy for children to navigate in the building.

In Finland, children are encouraged to spend the breaks in between classes outdoors. In Kirkkoj?rvi school, the close connection between home areas and yards makes going outside inviting. The building divides the plot into school yards with favourable orientations for children of different ages. The yards connected to the primary school are oriented toward the morning sun while the secondary school students, whose school days are longer, enjoy the afternoon sun.

The brick facades utilize the versatile properties of brick, comprising a collage of different bricklaying and bonding techniques. The wooden facades facing the school yards are sheltered by long eaves.The low height of these walls creates a small, safe scale. School facilities are also utilized by local residents. In the evenings the gymnasium, music and crafts classrooms and multi-purpose spaces are used by various hobby clubs. Kirkkoj?rvi school utilizes geothermal and solar energy. The school serves as an example of built environment to the children and provides a framework for ecological education.In July 2011 Kirkkoj?rvi school was selected as a winning project in the 2011 International Architecture Awards organized by The Chicago Athenaeum: Museum of Architecture and Design and The European Centre for Architecture Art Design and Urban Studies. The building was the only awarded project in Finland.□

竣工時間/Completion: 2010.08

建筑面積/Gross Floor Area: 10 280m2

體積/Volume: 49 700m3

業(yè)主/Client: City of Espoo

承建商/Main Contractor: PEAB Oy

負(fù)責(zé)人/Principals: V?in? Nikkil?, Jussi Palva, Riina Palva, Ilkka Salminen

項目建筑師/Project Architect: Jari Saajo

室內(nèi)設(shè)計/Interior Design: Karola Sahi in Collaboration with Verstas Architects

景觀建筑師/Landscape Architecture: Milla Hakari,Pia Kuusiniemi, LOCI Maisema-Arkkitehdit Oy in Collaboration with Verstas Architects

攝影/Photos: Tuomas Uusheimo

7 內(nèi)景/Interior views

8 內(nèi)景/Interior views

9 外景/Exterior view