英語中,it句型的種類較多,與其相關的句型也不少,而且這些句型容易混淆,同時也是歷屆高考中的重點內容。現將歷屆高考試題中出現過的這類句型及相關句型歸納如下,并配上高考試題,供同學們學習參考。
◆一、It is / was + 強調部分 + that從句
考點說明:該句型是強調句型。將被強調的部分放在前面,其它部分置于that之后。這一句型可以強調除謂語以外的任何成分。強調的主語如果是人,that可以由who替換。如果把去掉該句型結構,應該是一個完整的句子。這是判斷強調句型與其它從句的方法之一。
考點例析:
1. I don’t mind her criticizing me, but is how she does it that I object to.(2007江西卷)
A. itB. thatC. thisD. which
解析:it is ... that ...構成強調句,對how she does it進行強調。It is...who/that...句型是一個常見的強調句型。答案為A。
2. —I’ve read another book this week.
—Well, maybe is not how much you read but what you read that counts. (2009浙江卷)
A. thisB. thatC. thereD. it
解析:考查強調句型和名詞性從句。由句中“not how much you read but what you read”做動詞count 的主語,選D構成強調句型。
◆二、It is/was + 過去分詞 + that從句
考點說明:這一句型中常用的過去分詞有said,reported,known,thought,believed,suggested等等。該句型中的it 是形式主語,真正主語是that引導的主語從句。該結構常譯為:“據說 (據報道,據悉……)”等。 it是形式主語,that從句是真正的主語。
考點例析:
1. It has been proved eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. (2008年上海卷)
A. ifB. becauseC. whenD. that
解析:答案D。此題考查that引導主語從句的用法。句中的it是形式主語,真正的主語是eating vegetables in ...life,所以用that引導這個主語從句,而that不作任何成分,也沒有意義。
2. in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. (2005上海卷)
A. What is requiredB. What requires
C. It is requiredD. It requires
解析:答案C。本題考查的是主語從句。意為“規(guī)定要求你不應該告訴他人你的電子郵件賬戶”。根據句子結構,it是形式主語,that引導的是主語從句,它與required之間是動賓關系。
◆三、It will be + 時間段 + before從句
考點說明:表示“過多久就會發(fā)生某事”;若主句中用will not be則表示“不久就會發(fā)生某事”;若主句中用was則表示“過了多久某人就做某事了”;若主句中用wasn’t則表示“沒過多久某人就做某事了”。在此句式中若主句用將來時或一般現在時,從句用一般現在時,若主句為一般過去時時,從句也用過去時。
考點例析:
1. The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time we meet them again. (2007安徽卷)
A. afterB. beforeC. sinceD. when
解析:答案B。before意為“在……之前”。根據所提供的情景The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months可判斷“要很長時間我們才能再見面”的意思。主句為it will be,從句用一般現在時,用before引導從句。
2. I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time Brian gets back.(2008年北京卷)
A. beforeB. sinceC. tillD. after
解析:答案A。考查連詞。It is some time before 是一個句型,表示“在之前就有一段時間了”。
◆四、It is + 時間段 + since從句
考點說明:表示“自從……以來已有多長時間了”。指由過去某一時刻起到現在為止的一段時間的總和,從句多用一般過去時。主句為一般現在時或現在完成時,從句用一般過去時。
考點例析:
1. That was really a splendid evening. It’s years I enjoyed myself so much. (2005安徽卷)
A. whenB. thatC. beforeD. since
解析:答案D。考查“It is + 時間段 + since從句”句式;當從句的動詞是延續(xù)性動詞時,表示自從動作的結束以來有多長時間。此句中enjoy為延續(xù)性動詞;意為“我已經好多年沒玩得這么開心了”。
2. It is almost five years we saw each other last time.(2005北京卷)
A. beforeB. sinceC. afterD. when
解析:答案B?!白詮奈覀兩洗我娒嬉延形迥炅恕!豹?/p>
◆五、It was + 具體時間 + when + 從句
考點說明:it 指時間,主句和從句中的謂語動詞在時態(tài)上一般是一致的,主句是will be,when從句用一般現在時代替將來時。 本結構when從句是定語從句,具體時間點是先行詞。該句型意為“當某事發(fā)生時,時間是在……”。
考點例析:
—He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller.
—When was?
—was in 2000 when he was still in college. (2007 年浙江卷)
A. that; ThisB. this; It
C. it; ThisD. that; It
解析:答案D。that用于指代在前面剛提到的東西或事情。that在該句中指上文的“He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller.”這件事。下句考查“It was + 具體時間 + when + 從句,”it指時間。
◆六、It is the first ( second ... ) time that ... 是第一 (二) ……次……
考點說明:這個句型中的 that從句要用完成時態(tài)。至于用哪種完成時態(tài),由主句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)決定。如果是一般現在時,從句用現在完成時態(tài);如果是一般過去時,從句則用過去完成時態(tài)。該結構中that可以省去;it有時用 this 替換。
考點例析:
It is the first time we a film in the cinema together as a family. (2009陜西卷)
A. seeB. had seen
C. sawD. have seen
解析:答案D??疾閯釉~時態(tài)。the + 序數詞 + time引導的時間狀語從句中動詞時態(tài)用完成時,有參照動詞is可知此處用現在完成時。
◆七、It is + 形容詞 + (for/of sb.) +to do...
考點說明:表示“(某人) 做某事是……”。若表示事物的特點或特征時,用for sb.;若表示人的特征或特點時,用of sb.;若表示動作的特點時,常用不定式 。
考點例析:
It isn’t socially for parents to leave children unattended at that age. (2007山東卷)
A. accessibleB. adorable
C. adaptableD. acceptable
解析:答案D??疾镮t is + adj. + for sb. + to do... 中的形容詞,acceptable意為“可接受的,合意的”。根據所提供的情景“to leave children unattended at the age”可判斷出社會不允許父母在孩子那種年齡時不進行照顧。accessible意為“易接近的,可到達的,易受影響的,可理解的”;adorable意為“可崇拜的,可愛的”;adaptable意為“能適應的,可修改的”。
◆八、It is/was + 形容詞/名詞 + that從句
考點說明:it是形式主語,that從句是真正的主語。注意:It is important / natural / necessary / strange that從句,后應用 (should) + 動詞原形。
考點例析:
It is obvious to the students they should get well prepared for their future. (2009天津卷)
A. asB. which
C. whetherD. that
解析:答案D??疾槊~性從句的結構。It + be + adj. + that從句,注意要與強調句和定語從句區(qū)別開。
◆九、It + is + 名詞詞組 + that 從句
考點說明:it是形式主語,that從句是真正的主語。常見的有It is no wonder that…難怪某人……;It is an honor…很榮幸……;It is a question that………是個問題;It is good news that………是好消息;It is common knowledge………是常識。
考點例析:
1. The Foreign Minister said, “our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” (2004北京卷)
A. This isB. There is
C. That isD. It is
解析:答案D。it為形式賓語,that從句為真正的賓語。由于that引導的主語從句太長,故,用it代替,將主語從句置于句末。
2. He hasn’t slept at all for three days. he is tired out. (2005湖北卷)
A. There is no point
B. There is no need
C. It is no wonder
D. It is no way
解析:答案C。It is no wonder he is tired out. “難怪他累壞了?!豹?/p>
◆十、….find / believe / think / feel / consider / make + it + 形容詞/名詞to do sth.
考點說明:該句型中的it 作形式賓語,為了記憶方便我們可稱該句型為“6123結構”。 6指主句中常用的動詞:think, believe, make, find, consider, feel;1指的是形式賓語it;2指的是賓補的兩種形式:形容詞或名詞;3指的是真正賓語的三種形式:不定式短語,動名詞短語或that引導的賓語從句。
考點例析:
1. The chairman thought necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. (2005全國I卷)
A. thatB. itC. thisD. him
解析:答案B。it為形式賓語,代替不定式短語。
2. He didn’t make clear when and where the meeting would be held. (2007天津卷)
A. thisB. thatC. itD. these
解析:it作形式賓語,when and where the meeting would be held作真正的賓語。
(作者:孫小峰,甘肅省定西市安定區(qū)中華路中學)