備考2010年高考英語聽力之我見

縱觀近幾年的高考英語聽力，試卷中大都會(huì)出現(xiàn)3個(gè)選項(xiàng)、10段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白、共計(jì)20道小題的模式。對(duì)于大部分學(xué)生來說，聽力解題貌似簡(jiǎn)單，但是想取得高分，而沒有一定的訓(xùn)練也非易事。影響聽力測(cè)試的因素很多，如:播音設(shè)備、播音速度 、考生素質(zhì)、外部環(huán)境等等，但主要因素是考生自身素質(zhì)?？忌陨硭刭|(zhì)包括:聽力技巧、知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備、反應(yīng)能力等，因此，應(yīng)當(dāng)努力提高自身的素質(zhì)，是取向聽力高分的最重要的途徑。

依據(jù)2009年英語高考聽力試卷，針對(duì)2010年高考聽力要求，筆者列出點(diǎn)滴，僅供參考。

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主旨大意考查

聽一段對(duì)話或一段獨(dú)白，要求考生判斷對(duì)話或獨(dú)白的中心思想。這樣的題目要求考生聽懂對(duì)話或獨(dú)白的大意，抓住對(duì)話或獨(dú)白的who、what、when、where、how等關(guān)鍵語句。

【例1】錄音:

W: What do you think we need to buy for our new kitchen?

M: We’ve got a fridge and a dinner table already. We need some chairs. (2009江蘇卷1)

考題:

What do the speakers need to buy?

A. A fridge.

B. A dinner table.

C. A few chairs.

【解題導(dǎo)向】根據(jù)已有，推出新知。

【指點(diǎn)迷津】We’ve got a fridge and a dinner table already. 一句乃解題關(guān)鍵，可排除答案A、B。

【答案】C。

信息細(xì)節(jié)考查

通過聽對(duì)話人的語氣，細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，判斷對(duì)話的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、所發(fā)生的事件等。

【例2】 錄音:

M: I’d like to stay two nights， please.

W: Do you want full board or half board?

M: What’s the difference?

W: Full board includes all meals and half board includes just breakfast and dinner.

考題:

Where are the speakers?

A. In a restaurant.

B. In a hotel.

C. In a school. (2009江蘇2)

【解題導(dǎo)向】中心詞 (組) 定答案。

【指點(diǎn)迷津】在此段對(duì)話中，two nights為答題要點(diǎn)，可見餐館與學(xué)校不符合語境，故背景應(yīng)為旅館。

【答案】B。

時(shí)間判斷題。

對(duì)話或獨(dú)白中給出一個(gè)動(dòng)作的時(shí)間，考題中考查與所給動(dòng)作時(shí)間有關(guān)動(dòng)作的發(fā)生時(shí)間。

【例3】 錄音:

M: I’m sure you’ve noticed a lot of things that are different about our school.

W: Oh， Yes， in the United States we don’t have to carry a big schoolbag with us as you do.

M: Why is that?

W: We have a locker of our own which is a small box with a lock. We keep textbooks and our personal things in it. I just bring a day pack to school.

M: A day pack?

W: Yes， it’s a small bag that you carry on your back.

M: What do you carry in it?

W: My notebooks or a few books for homework.

M: That’s convenient. Is there anything else you’ve noticed about our school?

W: Yes， I am surprised that everyone is so silent in class.

M: What do you mean?

W: Well， we usually ask questions about exams， homework or textbooks on the first day of the school year. The teacher likes such questions.

M: So you felt it different.

W: Yes， I expected to see a lot of discussions in class because we learn that way in the United States.

M: I see. That’ll be a good topic for our school newspaper for the first month of the term. Nice talking with you. See you around. Bye.

W: Bye.

考題:

At what time of the school term does the conversation most probably take place?

A. At the end of it.

B. In the middle of it.

C. At the beginning of it. (2009江蘇卷15)

【解題導(dǎo)向】主題句成就答案

【指點(diǎn)迷津】在此段長(zhǎng)對(duì)話中，That’ll be a good topic for our school newspaper for the first month of the term.為解題關(guān)鍵，可見對(duì)話發(fā)生時(shí)間為學(xué)期初。

【答案】C。

直接信息?？忌梢詮膶?duì)話中直接找到信息回答問題。

【例4】 錄音:

W: Good morning， everybody. Today for our writing class， we are glad to have Mr. Henry Stone with us， a well-known writer in this country. He’s going to share with us his writing experiences.Now， Henry， please tell us how you find so many interesting things for your stories.

M: Okay， I watch people a lot. I do that when I travel. I’ve been to many countries such as Britain， Italy and Sweden. So I spend a lot of time at airports. While waiting for my flights， I watch people passing by and start my imagination. For example， the other day when I was waiting for my flight for Greece， I saw a couple. They were buying magazines at that moment. They were not wearing business clothes but the man was carrying a suitcase. Every few seconds the woman looked around. I wondered if someone was following them. Perhaps they were running away and， you know this reminded me of a story in the newspaper that day. A bank clerk stole 1，000，000 pounds a week before and disappeared with his wife. There was a picture of them in the paper. The couple really looked like the thieves. Maybe I should stop them. Just then I saw them say goodbye to each other and the woman walked away. Well sometimes I make mistakes like that but I find things like that very useful for my writing.

考題:

What does Mr. Henry Stone do?

A. A bank clerk.

B. A teacher.

C. A writer. (2009江蘇卷17)

【解題導(dǎo)向】細(xì)聽巧辯。

【指點(diǎn)迷津】一共兩段的對(duì)話，其實(shí)只要認(rèn)真聽了其中第一部分，尤其是Today for our writing class， we are glad to have Mr. Henry Stone with us， a well-known writer in this country.這句話，就非常輕松地可知答案。

【答案】C。

【例3】錄音: (同【例3】)

What did Henry learn from the newspaper that day?

A. A valuable suitcase was missing.

B. A man stole money from a bank.

C. A woman ran away from home.(2009江蘇卷19)

【解題導(dǎo)向】一句話解決問題。

【指點(diǎn)迷津】在第二部分中，A bank clerk stole 1，000，000 pounds a week before and disappeared with his wife. There was a picture of them in the paper. The couple really looked like the thieves.為解題關(guān)鍵，可見那位男士為竊賊。

【答案】B。

問說話人的意圖或觀點(diǎn)。

【例6】 錄音:(見【例2】)

考題:

What do we know about the girl?

A. She is new to the school.

B. She writes for the school newspaper.

C. She seldom asks questions in class.(2009江蘇卷16)

【解題導(dǎo)向】全文理解。

【指點(diǎn)迷津】在整個(gè)對(duì)話中，處處可以看出這個(gè)女孩細(xì)心注意她所看到的一切，從而可以得出答案。

【答案】A。

為此，掌握一定的方法也是十分必要的。

1.放松心情 做好準(zhǔn)備

以一顆平常心，輕松大膽預(yù)測(cè)要點(diǎn)。聽前認(rèn)真閱讀題目并對(duì)聽力材料的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推測(cè)。聽力在3點(diǎn)整開始。出發(fā)去考場(chǎng)前爭(zhēng)取一點(diǎn)時(shí)間來聽一點(diǎn)，讓聽覺神經(jīng)興奮起來?；蛘呖纯磸?fù)習(xí)資料，并不是要記住什么知識(shí)點(diǎn)，而是讓大腦提前進(jìn)入狀態(tài)，因?yàn)橐贿M(jìn)考場(chǎng)就要考聽力，如果大腦還沉浸在漢語的思維方式中，可能影響發(fā)揮。

因此拿到卷子的第一件事，就是抓緊時(shí)間閱讀試題選項(xiàng)，預(yù)測(cè)談話大致內(nèi)容。

2.突出重點(diǎn) 捕捉信息

英語聽力測(cè)試在把握所聽內(nèi)容話題中心的同時(shí)，一定要注意對(duì)具體事實(shí)信息的把握。如話題所涉及的具體時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、數(shù)字、人物等等。這些問題大多以when， where， who， what， why， how等疑問詞開頭。但是在此過程中想抓每一個(gè)字，奢望聽懂每一個(gè)詞，沒有必要，也不可能。

抓中心詞，尤其是兩次以上連續(xù)重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，對(duì)應(yīng)某一題干選項(xiàng)中的答案，一定要提高警惕。

3.區(qū)分主次 把握中心

從歷年高考聽力測(cè)試的情況來看，考查材料的中心思想是測(cè)試聽力能力的重要內(nèi)容。短文或獨(dú)立的主題句往往出現(xiàn)在文章的句首，偶爾也出現(xiàn)在句中或句末。主題句往往是一篇聽力材料的中心思想，文章中的其他內(nèi)容都用來說明和發(fā)展主題句。如果考生從問題和選項(xiàng)中已看出該題測(cè)試點(diǎn)為主旨要義、標(biāo)題、中心思想及作者觀點(diǎn)等方面的問題，那么聽清主題句就尤為重要。

短對(duì)話，答案多在第二個(gè)人說話中出現(xiàn);長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，短文聽力，要先抓住開頭的前幾句，這一般是主旨題的答案所在，而結(jié)尾處往往會(huì)再次呼應(yīng)。中部往往是細(xì)節(jié)題。

4.做好筆記，把握細(xì)節(jié)

把聽力中重要的信息以及容易忘記的內(nèi)容，如時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，數(shù)字等關(guān)鍵詞記下來。用簡(jiǎn)單的符號(hào)或者縮寫記筆記。如TS代替teachers， Ss代替students，+代替and等等一些自己認(rèn)可的代號(hào)。遇到數(shù)字和時(shí)間等信息，要隨手記筆記，有助于選項(xiàng)中的數(shù)字聽力題答案的準(zhǔn)確無誤。

回憶對(duì)話內(nèi)容時(shí)，運(yùn)用歸納、推理或計(jì)算等方法，用已知導(dǎo)出未知。

5.特殊句型 特別關(guān)注

考生要注意轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步、否定和虛擬語氣的特殊句型以及時(shí)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換，把握說話者的真正意圖。表轉(zhuǎn)折的常見詞是“but”，一般來說聽者尤其要注意but后的意思，這是整句的主要部分。其他表轉(zhuǎn)折和讓步意義的詞還有:though， although， even though， even if， in spite of， despite， unless， instead of， however及whatever (=no matter what) 之類引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的表達(dá)法。表示否定意義的關(guān)鍵詞、詞組有:no， not， never， seldom， hardly， doubt， neither， too...to， little， few等?？忌€應(yīng)掌握虛擬語氣的各種句型及在具體語境下的使用。

(作者:宗志山，江蘇省海安高級(jí)中學(xué))