代詞是英語里面最活躍的詞類之一,也是高考英語試題中的考查熱點,主要是考查考生在所給的上下文中靈活運用代詞的能力。考察熱點主要包括不定代詞,物主代詞,關(guān)系代詞,連接代詞,指示代詞等。
一、考查常用不定代詞和名詞性物主代詞的用法
不定代詞包括:a little, a few, little, few, either, both, neither, all, every, none, something, everything, anything, nothing等。這些代詞在意義上有的表示肯定意義,如a little, a few, something等,有的表示否定意義,如little, few,neither, none, nothing;作用上有的代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞,如a few, few等,有的則代替或修飾不可數(shù)名詞,如a little, little等;數(shù)量上either, both, neither等表兩者;all, every, none等表三者或三者以上。
1. —Which of the two computer games did you prefer?
—Actually I didn’t like . (2008全國卷I)
A. both of themB. either of them
C. none of them D. neither of them
分析:答案為B。根據(jù)上文,“你喜歡這兩個電子游戲中的哪一個,”“事實上我哪個都不喜歡,”either為兩者中的任何一個,故選B。
2. I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldn’t faceday like that.(2009山東卷)
A. other B. another
C. the otherD. others
分析:答案為B。another表示“又一,另一, 別的,另外的”,符合句意。the other指兩個中的另外一個。other多與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用,others后不能接名詞。
3. Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didn’t answerof them. (2009陜西卷)
A. otherB. any
C. noneD. some
分析:答案為B。句意:Jane 被問了許多問題,但她一個也沒有回答。not any 表示完全否定,也可以說:Jane was asked a lo of questions, but she answered none of them.
4. The CDs are on sale! Buy one and you getcompletely free. (2009全國卷I)
A. otherB. others
C. oneD. ones
分析:答案為C。此題語意為:光盤特價了!買一送一!空白處填one, 指代one CD。
5. There at the door stood a girl about the same height . (2004北京春卷)
A. as meB. as mine
C. with mineD. with me
分析:答案為B。the same…as為固定結(jié)構(gòu),mine在這兒等于my height。
二、考查關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中的運用
高考中關(guān)系代詞主要考查關(guān)系代詞之間的區(qū)別或關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別。
1. The road conditions there turned out to be very good,was more than we could expect. (2008全國卷II)
A. itB. what
C. which D. that
分析:答案為C。此題考查關(guān)系代詞which在非限制性定語從句中的用法,which指代前面整句話的內(nèi)容。that不可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句, it和what不可引導(dǎo)定語從句。
2. Many children,parents are away working in big cities, are taken good of in the village. (2009安徽卷)
A. their B. whose
C. of themD. with whom
分析:答案為B??疾槎ㄕZ從句。根據(jù)句意,先行詞是children, 修飾名詞parents, 表示“某人的”,所以用關(guān)系代詞whose。
3. Allis needed is supply of oil.
A. the thingB. that
C. what D. which
分析:答案為B。當先行詞為不定代詞all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything
等時,只能用關(guān)系代詞that。
三、考查連接代詞在名詞性從句中的運用
高考對連接代詞的考查側(cè)重連接代詞本身的詞義和其在名詞性從句中所充當?shù)某煞郑B接代詞有what, that, which, who, whatever, whoever, whichever等。
1. Could I speak tois in charge of International Sales please? (2009全國卷I)
A. whoB. what
C. WhoeverD. whatever
分析:答案為C。Whoever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時,相當于anyone who, 在從句中作主語。
2.we are sure about is the need to prevent children from being spoiled. (2008上海春卷)
A. WhatB. Which
C. Whether D. That
分析:答案為A。What引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時,相當于the thing that (which), 意為“所……的話 (事,東西)”,它既起引導(dǎo)作用,又在句子中充當主語、賓語或表語。此題What引導(dǎo)主語從句,在從句中充當介詞about的賓語,故選A。
3. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different fromtheir parents speak at home. (2008浙江卷)
A. what B. that
C. whichD. one
分析:答案為A。what引導(dǎo)賓語從句,在從句中作speak的賓語。
4.is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. (2008福建卷’27)
A. ItB. What
C. AsD. Which
分析:答案為B。此題What引導(dǎo)主語從句,在從句中作主語, 此題可能會誤選A或C。試比較下面兩句:
It is known to us all that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.
As is known to us all, the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.
上面第一句中的it是形式賓語,第二句中的as是關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句,代表后面整句話內(nèi)容,此時若用which是錯誤的,因為which不能置于句首。
四、考查代詞it, one, the one, that, those和ones之間的區(qū)別
近幾年高考中,考查易混代詞it, one, the one, that, those和ones的題越來越多,很多同學(xué)弄不清他們的具體用法,請看下面歷年高考題:
1.it指代前文出現(xiàn)過的某一名詞,且就是同一東西。如:
The Parkers bought a new house butwill need a lot of work before they can move in. (NMET 2001)
A. theyB. it
C. oneD. which
分析:答案為B。it代替上文提到的同一事物a new house。此空前有連詞but, 不是定語從句,不能選which; one是泛指同類事物中的一個,四個選項中只有it特指上文提到的事物,故選B。
2.one也指代前面出現(xiàn)過的名詞,但它只表示同類事物東西中泛指的一個。one=a + n.。如:
—There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ?
—No, I’d rather buyin the bookstore. (2007陜西卷)
A. it; oneB. one; one
C. one; itD. it; it
分析:答案為A。本題考查it和one的用法區(qū)別。第一空指代前面名詞a copy of the book,且就是那個相同的東西,應(yīng)該用it; 第二空也指代前面的名詞a copy of the book, 但指代的是書店里泛指的一冊,應(yīng)該用one。
3.the one指代前面出現(xiàn)過的名詞時,表示同類人或物中特指的某一個。如:
Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,I will always treasure. (NMET 2002)
A. that B. one
C. itD. what
分析:答案為B。空中要填的詞是an unforgettable moment的同位語,表示“一個時刻”,one相當于 a moment。
4.that和those都可以指代前面出現(xiàn)過的一個名詞,以避免重復(fù)。共同點是都必須帶后置定語。如:
One of the most important questions they had to consider wasof public health. (2009全國卷I)
A. whatB. this
C. that D. which
分析:答案為C。因was之后不是句子,故可排除what和which。that通常指代表示特指的名詞,通常后面有后置定語。
Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared withof their parents. (2009江蘇卷)
A. thoseB. one
C. both D. that
分析:答案為D。從句意可知,所選擇的代詞代替的是前面的approach, 因此選擇that, 相當于the approach。代詞one常用來代替同類事物中的任意一個,不合題意。
5.Equipped with modern facilities, today’s libraries differ greatly from . (2003上海春卷)
A. those of the pastB. the past
C. which of the past D. these past
分析:答案為A。指代可數(shù)名詞,指一個范圍內(nèi)所有的人或物時,要用those, 此處those相當于the libraries。
6.Cars do cause us some health problems—in fact far more seriousthan mobile phones do. (2005江西卷)
A. oneB. ones
C. itD. those
分析:答案為B。雖然ones和those都可以代替前面出現(xiàn)過的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),但是those只帶后置定語,而ones既可帶后置定語,也可帶前置定語,故選B。
(作者:王號召,安徽省安淮北市蕭縣中學(xué))