2009高考名詞性從句熱點透析

名詞性從句既是高中語法教學的重點與難點，也是高考的熱點。其考點主要分布在三個方面:引導詞、語序和時態(tài)。分析2009各地高考題目，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，名詞性從句考查的熱點是對其引導詞的選擇?，F(xiàn)具體分析如下:

一、考點概述

在句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞性從句，它包括主語從句、賓語從句、表詞從句和同位語從句。例如:

1. Whether he will come here or not is unimportant to me. (主語從句)

2. I don’t know what he means. (賓語從句)

3. I’m glad that you are here. (賓語從句用在形容詞之后)

4. The teacher is satisfied with what you have done. (介詞賓語從句)

5. That was because he was ill. (表語從句)

6. The news that he got killed in the race surprised us all. (同位語從句)

引導名詞性從句的連接詞(見下表)

連接詞詞義功能

that無詞義不作成分，只起連接作用

whether / if是否不作成分，只起連接作用

what， which什么，哪個作主語、賓語、表語

who， whom， whose誰，誰的作主語、賓語、定語

when， where， how， why什么時候 / 地方，怎么樣，為什么作狀語

how many / much多少作定語

續(xù)表

how soon / often / long / much多久，多久一次，多長，多么作狀語

...……詞義及功能同疑問詞

whatever=anything that無論什么作主語、賓語、表語、定語

whoever=anyone who無論誰作主語

whomever=anyone whom無論誰作賓語

whosever=anyone whose無論誰的作定語

whichever=anyone that無論哪個作賓語、定語、主語、表語

二、熱點分析:

熱點一:that和what引導的名詞性從句。引導名詞性從句時，that沒有詞義，在從句中不做任何成分。當從句句意完整，不缺任何成分時，往往選用that;而what引導名詞性從句時，意為“什么”(有時可不譯)，在從句中做主語、表語或賓語。

例1 The fact has worried many scientiststhe earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. (江西卷33)



A. whatB. whichC. thatD. though

解析:C。句意為:這些年來地球變得越來越溫暖，這個事實讓許多科學家很擔心。這里的從句是同位語從句，用來補充說明the fact，從句中不缺少成分，故選that。

例2 Many young people in the West are expected to leavecould be life’s most important decision—marriage—almost entirely up to luck. (江蘇卷34)

A. asB. thatC. whichD. what

解析:D?？崭窈竺媸琴e語從句，做leave的賓語，賓語從句中缺少主語，故用what。

熱點二:if與whether引導的名詞性從句。If和whether引導名詞性從句時，可表示“是否”之意。注意:if只能引導動詞后的賓語從句，而whether可引導主語從句、賓語從句 (包括介詞后的賓語從句)、表語從句和同位語從句。Whether…or…意為“無論……還是……”。

例3 At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to seeit got any better. (北京卷31)

A. whenB. howC. whyD. if

解析:D。這里考查賓語從句的引導詞。句意為:起初他討厭那份新工作，但決定給自己幾個月的時間，看看它是否會變得好些。表“是否”，故用if。此處if可用whether來代替。

熱點三:“疑問詞”及“疑問詞 + ever”引導的名詞性從句。高考考查名詞性從句時，選項中常會出現(xiàn)同一類型的引導詞，做題時，應該根據(jù)它們的意思和從句所缺的成分進行選擇 (具體參見上表) 。此外，要注意“疑問詞”和“疑問詞 + ever”的區(qū)別?！耙蓡栐~ + ever”都含有“無論……”之意，語氣比疑問詞本身強烈。

例4 The little girl who got lost decided to remainshe was and wait for her mother. (山東卷28)

A. whereB. whatC. howD. who

解析:A。句意為:那個迷路的小女孩決定呆在她所在的地方等著她媽媽。表語從句中缺地點狀語，故用where。

例5 She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to doit takes to save her life. (湖南卷28)

A. whicheverB. howeverC. whateverD. whoever

解析:C。whichever意為“哪一個”，however意為“不管多么”，whatever意為“無論什么”，whoever意為“無論誰”。句意為:我們一起準備無論花什么代價都要挽救她的生命。故用whatever。

三、知識延伸

1.that引導的同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別。同位語從句中的連接詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不充當任何句子成分，從句對前面的名詞如news，fact，suggestion，truth，plan，belief，doubt，possibility，idea等進行解釋說明;而定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作主語或賓語，從句對前面的名詞即先行詞起修飾限定的作用。做題時，我們可以使用“先行詞還原法”來檢驗是否是定語從句。如果可以把從句前的名詞還原到從句中，那that引導的就是定語從句 (如果是限定型的，有時也可以用which來代替) ;如果不能，則that引導的是同位語從句，此處的that不能用which代替。

例6 News came from the school officeWang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.(四川卷7)

A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where

解析:C。我們先假設后面的從句是定語從句，但沒有辦法把news還原到從句中，這說明后面的從句為同位語從句，從句中不缺任何句子成分，句意完整，故選that。

2.“疑問詞 + ever”與“no matter + 疑問詞”的區(qū)別。它們都有“無論……”之意，但“疑問詞 + ever”既可引導名詞性從句，也可引導讓步狀語從句;而“no matter + 疑問詞”只能引導讓步狀語從句，與主句之間常有逗號分開。

例7 The book can be of help towants to do the job.

A. whoB. whomever

C. no matter whoD. whoever

解析:D。句意為:那本書對于想要做這份工作的任何人都很有幫助。從句加在介詞to之后，為賓語從句，且賓語從句缺主語，故用whoever。

3.名詞性從句的語序。 名詞性從句的語序為:連詞 (+ 被修飾語) + 主語 + 謂語，即陳述語序。

例8 I have always been honest and straight-forward， and it doesn’t matterI’m talking to.

A. who is itB. who it is

C. it is whoD. it is whom

解析:B?？疾槊~性從句的語序:連詞 (+ 被修飾語) +主語 + 謂語，故選B。

4.主從句時態(tài)的呼應。主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句的時態(tài)不受主句的限制，但賓語從句的時態(tài)一般要受主句的限制。主句是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時，從句時態(tài)根據(jù)情況而定;主句是過去時態(tài)時，從句須用與過去相關(guān)的時態(tài)，除非賓語從句敘述的是真理、客觀事實或諺語。

例9 The moment I got home， I found Imy jacket on the playground. ( 2008陜西卷)

A. had leftB. left

C. have leftD. was leaving

解析:A。I found后接賓語從句，由于主句動詞使用了一般過去時，且賓語從句的動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前，應使用過去完成時。

四、即時鞏固

1.the sports meet will be held the after tomorrow is not known yet.

A. WheneverB. If

C. WhetherD. That

2. It worried her a bither hair was turning grey.

A. whileB. thatC. ifD. for

3. Go and get your coat. It’syou left it.

A. thereB. where

C .there whereD. where there

4. The whole family were worried about Jane because no one was awareshe had gone.

A. that whereB. of the place which

C. of whatD. of where

5.he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.

A. WhatB. That

C. The factD. The matter

6.you have done might do harm to other people.

A. ThatB. WhatC. WhichD. This

7.leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.

A. AnyoneB. The reason

C. WhoeverD. Who

8.caused the accident is still a complete mystery.

A. WhatB. ThatC. HowD. Where

9.has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.

A. WhoB. The one

C. AnyoneD. Whoever

10. The question remainsthe Party can win the majority of the people.

A. thatB. ifC. whetherD. /

11. There was much certaintythe board of directors would agree to our various proposals for increasing sales.

A. whichB. whyC. /D. that

12. You can’t imaginewhen they received these nice Christmas presents.

A. how they were excited

B. how excited they were

C. how excited were they

D. they were excited

13. Sarah hopes to become a friend ofshares her interests.

A .anyoneB. whomever

C. whoeverD. no matter who

14. Can you make surethe gold ring?

A. where Alice had put

B. where had Alice put

C. where Alice has put

D. where has Alice put

15. No one can be surein a million years.

A. what man will look like

B. what will man look like

C. man will look like what

D. what look will man like

參考答案:1—5 CBBDA 6—10 BCADC

11—15 DBCCA

(作者:宋海燕，甘肅省臨澤一中)