單元重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥

牛津英語 Module 11 Unit 3

一、重點(diǎn)單詞

◆1. brain n. 腦，腦髓brains (pl.) 智力，智慧;聰明的人;有智慧的人

The human brain is the centre of higher nervous activity. 人腦是高級(jí)神經(jīng)活動(dòng)的中心。

Boris has brains. In fact， I doubt whether anyone in the class has a higher IQ.

Boris很聰明。事實(shí)上，我懷疑是否班上有人比他智商還高。

【活學(xué)巧用】

—Please tell me how to work out this maths problem.

—Use your， then you’ll find a way.



A. heartB. brainsC. handD. mind

【答案】 B。

【拓展延伸】有些名詞單復(fù)數(shù)含義不同:

goods (貨物);papers (文件);manners (禮貌);arms (武器);troops (部隊(duì));

looks (外貌);customs (海關(guān));greens (青菜);waters (水域)

◆2. fold vt. 折疊，交疊

Fold the letter in two before putting it in the envelope. 把信放入信封前將信對(duì)折。

He stood there with his arms folded. 他站在那兒雙臂抱著。

vi. 跨掉，徹底失敗，(公司等) 倒閉

The company folded because of bad management. 因?yàn)楣芾聿簧乒镜归]了。

My business will fold soon if sales do not improve 如果銷售額不提高，我的公司會(huì)倒閉。

【詞匯拓展】

unfold 展開

folding 可折疊的

fold sth in half=in two=into halves將……對(duì)折

fold away折疊起來

fold down=fold back (把書頁) 折過來

fold up折疊起來;崩潰;倒閉

fold one’s arms雙臂交叉在胸前

◆3. slide n. 滑行，滑落;幻燈片;vt. vi. 滑動(dòng);滑行

【詞組拓展】

slide into bad habits不知不覺地沾染上了壞習(xí)慣

slide into a room偷偷地溜進(jìn)房間

slide through (a test) 蒙混過關(guān)

watch a slide show看幻燈

undergo a downward slide經(jīng)歷下坡路

We watch a slide show every other week. 我們每隔一周觀看一次幻燈片。

She slid along the ice. 她沿著冰面滑行。

He slid into the habit of playing computer games. 他不知不覺養(yǎng)成了玩電腦游戲的習(xí)慣。

◆4. motivate v. 激發(fā)，促使，成為……的動(dòng)機(jī)

The plan is designed to motivate employees to work more efficiently. 計(jì)劃旨在激發(fā)員工更加有效地工作。

How do you motivate a team to succeed? 你如何激勵(lì)團(tuán)隊(duì)達(dá)到成功?

【詞匯拓展】

motivation n. 動(dòng)機(jī);積極性

motivated adj. 有積極性的

It is generally accepted that people are motivated by success. 大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為成功會(huì)推動(dòng)人的積極性。

Some students still lack the motivation to study hard. 一些學(xué)生缺少學(xué)習(xí)積極性。

二、重點(diǎn)短語

◆1. in bulk大量地

【聯(lián)想】“大量地”的幾種表達(dá)

in large numbers; in large quantities; in quantity; in large amounts

It’s cheaper to buy goods in bulk. 大量地購物要便宜些。

The army buys food in large quantities. 部隊(duì)大量地購買食品。

◆2. cope with處理

【聯(lián)想】“處理”的幾種表達(dá)

deal with;handle;see to;approach

How well do you cope with tension? 你處理壓力的能力如何?

He has a great deal of correspondence to deal with. 他有大量信件要處理。

◆3. on one’s last legs 枯竭，江郎才盡;某人力量或才智的盡頭;即將崩潰、失敗或死亡

【聯(lián)想】和leg有關(guān)的俚語

break a leg (表示良好的祝愿) 祝你好運(yùn)!

stand on one’s own legs自立

get up on one’s legs 站起來

not have a leg to stand on (論點(diǎn)等) 站不住腳

lose one’s legs喝得東倒西歪，喝醉

pull sb.’s leg 愚弄某人，哄騙某人的錢

have legs走得快，出名出得快;有忍耐力

He doesn’t have a leg to stand on in this debate. 在這次辯護(hù)中，他完全站不住腳。

We have a leg up on the competition. 我們?cè)谶@次競爭中享有優(yōu)勢。

The company is on its last legs. 這家公司即將倒閉。

三、難句分析

◆1. By the end of eight months， Sinclair had sold more than 20，000ZX80 computers， making it a real hit. 8個(gè)月后，辛科萊已經(jīng)出售了超過2萬臺(tái)ZX80電腦，使它成為一時(shí)的熱門產(chǎn)品。

1) by (the time / the end of ) + 表示將來時(shí)間的短語和句子，主句中謂語動(dòng)詞用將來完成時(shí)。

by (the end of ) + 過去時(shí)間，主句中謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。如:

The experiment had been finished by 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午四點(diǎn)前試驗(yàn)就做完了。

By this time tomorrow I will have arrived in Shanghai. 明天這時(shí)候我將到上海了。

2) 分詞作結(jié)果狀語

He fired， killing one of the passers-by. 他開槍了，打死了一個(gè)過路人。

He died， leaving his wife with five children. 他死了，留下他妻子和五個(gè)孩子。

It rained and rained， vehicles bogged and bridges washed out. 雨不停地下，車輛陷入泥沼，橋梁被水沖去。

分詞 (短語) 用作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)，通?？赊D(zhuǎn)換成并列句，如上面三句也可轉(zhuǎn)換成:

He fired and killed one of the passers-by.

He died and left his wife with five children.

It rained and rained， and vehicles were bogged and bridges were washed out.

【高考鏈接】

A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city， ________all four people on board.(2009上海卷)

A. killedB. killingC. killsD. to kill

【答案】 B。

◆2. Although marketed as a computer that could be used to help computer programming， the main advantage of this computer was that it was good for playing computer games on. 雖然這種電腦上市的初衷是用于幫助電腦編程的，但它的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是適合用來玩電腦游戲。

狀語從句的“簡化”現(xiàn)象常存在于以下五種狀語從句中:① 由if， unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句;② 由although， though， even if / though等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句;③ 由when， while， as， before， after， until / till等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句;④ 由as， as if等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句;⑤ 由as， than等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句。

1) 連詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞

As (she was) walking along the river bank， she was singing a pop song. 她沿著河堤邊走邊唱著流行歌曲。

Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days， he has still got no good marks. 盡管近來他一直在學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)，但他仍然沒有取得好成績。

2) 連詞 + 過去分詞

He won’t go there with us unless (he is) invited. 除非受到邀請(qǐng)，否則他不會(huì)和我們一道去那里。

The concert was a great success than (it was) expected. 這場音樂會(huì)出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。

3) 連詞 + 不定式

He stood up as if (he were) to say something. 當(dāng)時(shí)他站起來好像要說什么。

He wouldn’t solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge. 即使他來負(fù)責(zé)，他也解決不了這個(gè)問題。

注意:當(dāng)從句主語和主句主語不一致時(shí)，從句部分要么用完全形式，要么用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)。例如:

When the meeting was over， all the people went out of the meeting-room. 當(dāng)會(huì)議結(jié)束時(shí)，人們都走出了會(huì)議室。

(=The meeting over， all the people went out of the meeting room)

【高考鏈接】

Every evening after dinner， if not___________ from work， I will spend some time walking my dog. (2009湖南卷)

A. being tiredB. tiring

C. tiredD. to be tired

【答案】 C。

◆3. No matter what job he has to do， he does it well， and I think that helps him be who he is. 不論做的是什么工作，他都做得很好。我想這讓他成為了現(xiàn)在的他。

No matter what只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句 (不能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句)，其意為“無論什么”。如:

No matter what you do， don’t touch this button.無論怎樣，都別碰這個(gè)按鈕。

No matter what happens， I’ll stand by you. 不管發(fā)生什么事我都支持你。

注意:1) 這樣用的no matter what與引導(dǎo)狀語從句的whatever用法相同，有時(shí)可互換。

No matter what you say， I believe you. =Whatever you say， I believe you. 無論你說什么，我都相信你

2) 有時(shí)no matter what引起的從句中動(dòng)詞會(huì)被省略。如:I’ve decidedto leave tomorrow， no matter what (happens). 不管發(fā)生什么情況，我已決定明天走。

In our company， every body is well taken care of， no matter what his position (is). 在我們公司，每個(gè)人都得到很好的照顧，不管他地位如何。

【高考鏈接】

The old tower must be saved， __________the cost. (2005浙江卷)

A. howeverB. whatever

C. whicheverD. wherever

【答案】 B。

牛津英語 Module 11 Unit 4

一、重點(diǎn)單詞

◆1. preview n. ① 事先查看，查閱

② 預(yù)看;預(yù)先審查 (或檢查);預(yù)習(xí)

They sent the recording for our preview. 他們把那錄音送來給我們預(yù)先審查。

vt. 預(yù)覽、預(yù)習(xí);預(yù)演;試映 (電影)

The play is due to be previewed tonight. 這出戲定于今晚試演。

You’d better preview the text before class. 你最好在課前預(yù)習(xí)好課文。

【拓展延伸】表示時(shí)間和順序先后等意義的前綴有:pre， ex， post， fore

pre:前，領(lǐng)先，在……之前。如:prevent 防止;prehistoric史前的;preface序文;

predict預(yù)言;previous早先的

ex:外，先前。如:ex-boyfriend前任男友;except除外;ex-student往屆生

post:后。如:postwar戰(zhàn)后;postgraduate研究生;postpone延遲;post-election選舉后

◆2. shrink vi. / vt. 過去式:shrank / shrunk 過去分詞:shrunk

1) (使) 收縮，縮短，皺縮

2) (使) 變小，變少，變瘦

3) 畏怯，回避，退避 \\

This dress material shrinks in the wash. 這種衣料一洗要縮水。

Hot water shrinks wool. 熱水會(huì)使羊毛皺縮。

When his influence began to shrink， his wealth also decreased. 當(dāng)他的影響縮小時(shí)，他的財(cái)富也減少了。

Shortage of hands has shrunk our plant’s yearly output. 人手不足已使我們廠的年產(chǎn)量減少。

The boy shrank into a corner when the bully threatened to beat him. 惡棍威脅說要揍那男孩，男孩便退縮到一個(gè)角落里。

She shrinks from meeting strangers. 她怕見生人。

【活學(xué)巧用】

As technology ____________our world， the need increases for cooperative action among nations.

A. developsB. enlarges

C. shrinksD. improves

【答案】 C。

◆3. spacious adj. 廣闊的，寬敞的;(知識(shí))廣博的，寬裕的;遼闊的，廣褒的

We entered a spacious dining room. 我們來到一個(gè)寬敞的餐廳。

Their dining room is very spacious. 他們的餐廳很寬敞。

【辨析】broad， spacious， wide

broad 寬的，廣闊的;廣泛的;寬宏的，豁達(dá)的。指身體部位寬肩、寬背broad shoulders / back;人的觀點(diǎn)和氣量。

spacious 遼闊的，廣褒的。經(jīng)常修飾空間。

wide 表示睜大眼睛、張大嘴巴，還可以作副詞，表示“完全、大大地”。如:open one’s mouth wide

The clearance of the old furniture made the room spacious. 清理了舊家具，屋里更寬敞了。

The new broad square is under construction. 新的寬闊的廣場正在修建之中。

At the news he looked at me with his eyes wide open. 聽到這個(gè)消息，他睜大眼睛看著我。

二、重點(diǎn)詞組

◆1. decide on決定，確定;考慮后決定

Don’t decide on important matters too quickly.不要過于匆忙地對(duì)重要的事情作決定。

Finally， she decided on a pink dress.最后，她選定了一件粉紅色的衣服。

【辨析】decide， determine

1) decide 指經(jīng)過詢問、研討和考慮之后，在幾種可能的選擇之中作出決定。

decide against … 決心不，決定不采取，決定反對(duì)，判決某人敗訴。

decide for / in favor of 作出有利于……的決定，贊成做某事，判決某人勝訴。

decide on / upon 對(duì)……作出決定 / 決議

decide between 于兩者中選擇其一

decide to do決定，決心做某事

2) determine 指決心作某一件事而不動(dòng)搖。

determine to do決心做某事

be determined to do sth. 決心好了要做某事

determine on / upon 對(duì)……作出決定

determine sb. against sth. 使 某人決定不做某事

determine sb. to do sth. 使某人決定做某事

◆2. squirrel away把……藏起來，儲(chǔ)存

She squirreled away her money. 她把錢藏了起來。

He denied having any money squirreled away in foreign banks. 他否認(rèn)在外國銀行里有存款。

【聯(lián)想】 “儲(chǔ)存”的其它表達(dá)

save up;lay aside;put away;store

◆3. land on one’s feet 安然脫險(xiǎn)

The man has landed on his feet. 這個(gè)男人已經(jīng)安全脫險(xiǎn)了。

Though he is battle-hardened and he always seems to land on his feet， yet a good horse sometimes stumble， on this occasion he failed. 雖然他身經(jīng)百戰(zhàn)，似乎總能找到成功的策略，

但是寶馬也有失蹄的時(shí)候，這一次他失敗了。

三、難句分析

◆1. Moving to Canada meant making some big adjustments to my life. 移居到加拿大意味著我的生活作一些大的調(diào)整。

有些動(dòng)詞后使用動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的差別:

① forget to do 忘記要去做某事 (此事未做) / forget doing忘記做過某事 (此事已做過或已發(fā)生)

② stop to do 停止、中斷 (某件事)，目的是去做另一件事 / stop doing 停止正在或經(jīng)常做的事

③ remember to do記住去做某事 (未做) / remember doing記得做過某事 (已做)

④ regret to do對(duì)要做的事遺憾 / regret doing對(duì)做過的事遺憾、后悔

⑤ try to do努力、企圖做某事 / try doing試驗(yàn)、試一試某種辦法

⑥ mean to do打算，有意要…… / mean doing意味著

⑦ go on to do 繼而 (去做另外一件事情) / go on doing 繼續(xù) (原先沒有做完的事情)

⑧ propose to do 打算 (要做某事) / propose doing建議 (做某事)

⑨ can’t help (to) do不能幫助做某事 / can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事

⑩ like / love / hate / prefer + to do 表示具體行為 / + doing sth. 表示抽象、傾向概念

(注) 如果這些動(dòng)詞前有should一詞，其后賓語只跟不定式，不能跟動(dòng)名詞。例如:I should like to see him tomorrow.

B11 need， require， want， deserve + 動(dòng)名詞表被動(dòng)意義;相當(dāng)于to be done

【高考鏈接】

Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried ____________alone， but she didn’t like it and moved back home. (2008湖南卷)

A. livingB. to live

C. to be livingD. having lived

【答案】 A。

◆2. There is a restaurant that serves various foods ranging from a simple bowl of porridge with honey to a delicious yoghurt and fruit dessert with pineapple， lemon and watermelon in it.

這家餐廳提供的食物從一碗簡單的蜜糖粥，到美味的有菠蘿、檸檬和西瓜的酸奶水果甜點(diǎn)。

ranging from…to…從……到……不等，在句中作定語，相當(dāng)于which range from…。

At other times， he would join groups to discuss subjects ranging from astronomy to pop music.

其它時(shí)候，他組織小組討論，話題從天文學(xué)到流行音樂無所不包。

He has many hobbies ranging from music to sports. 他有從音樂到體育不等的很多愛好。

◆3. Choose Zhenhua， and you will surely find a new home away from home and toast your success later in life.

如果你選擇了振華，你就會(huì)在你離家以后再找到一個(gè)新的家，日后在生活中，你也會(huì)為你的成功舉杯慶祝。

“祈使句+and + 陳述句”，表示在以祈使句為條件句下的假設(shè)。

“祈使句 + or / otherwise + 陳述句”，表示在以祈使句為條件下的相反假設(shè)。

“名詞 + 陳述句”，也可表示在祈使句為條件句下的假設(shè)。

Work hard and you will make progress. 好好學(xué)習(xí)，你會(huì)取得進(jìn)步的。

Don’t jump the queue， or other people will not be pleased. 別插隊(duì)，否則別人會(huì)不高興的。

Seize the chance，otherwise you will regret it. 抓住機(jī)會(huì)，要不然你會(huì)后悔的。

One more effort， and you’ll succeed. 多點(diǎn)努力，你會(huì)成功的。

= If you make one more effort， you’ll succeed.

【高考鏈接】

the website of the Fire Department in your city， and you will learn a lot about firefighting. (2008湖南卷)



A. Having searched

B. To search

C. Searching

D. Search

【答案】 D。

(作者:顧永超，啟東市匯龍中學(xué))