非謂語動詞作狀語考點透視和真題點擊

劉晨陽

非謂語動詞作狀語歷年是高考考查的重點，因為其形態(tài)各異，用法多樣，同學(xué)們往往搞不清該用哪一個形式。要做好該類題目除了要掌握其各種形式和語法功能，能準(zhǔn)確分析句子成分和結(jié)構(gòu)外，我們還要熟悉一些有效的解題技巧，儲備必要的解題秘笈，才能縱橫考場，應(yīng)付自如。

一、非謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)的形式

二、非謂語動詞作狀語的語法特征

三、非謂語動詞作狀語的條件：狀語與主句之間首先滿足邏輯主語的一致性，即非謂語動詞的邏輯主語應(yīng)該與主

句的主語一致，其次，有非謂語動詞作狀語時，句中不能出現(xiàn)表示并列或轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞。

如：(1)____________ the window ,my finger was hurt.

(2)____________the window, I hurt my finger.

A. CleaningB. While cleaning C. While I was cleaning D. Cleaned

漢語意思相同的兩句，但因為它們的邏輯主語不一樣，所以第一句選C，第二句選AB

四、非謂語動詞作狀語與狀語從句之間的關(guān)系

非謂語動詞作狀語可以將其轉(zhuǎn)換成狀語從句。非謂語動詞做原因狀語時相當(dāng)于as, since, because 引導(dǎo)的從句，作條件狀語時相當(dāng)于if ,unless引導(dǎo)的從句，作方式或伴隨狀語時可用并列句替代。作時間狀語時可轉(zhuǎn)換成when 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。但轉(zhuǎn)換時要注意邏輯主語的一致性和主被動關(guān)系。

如：1. The research is so designed that once begun nothing can be done to change it.

=The research is so designed that once it js begun nothing can be done to change it..

2. Not understanding its meaning ,he asked the teacher to explain the word again.

=Because he didnt understand its meaning, he asked the teacher to explain the word again.

3. To find out more information from the text， he read it carefully again.

=In order to find out more information from the text ,he read it carefully again.

五、應(yīng)考秘笈

秘笈一：將非謂語動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成狀語從句是可以用來判定使用那種形式非謂語動詞以及檢查非謂語動詞使用是否得當(dāng)?shù)姆椒ㄖ?。記住：現(xiàn)在分詞一般式和完成式作狀語時，分詞的邏輯主語和主句主語是主動關(guān)系，現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動式和過去分詞作狀語時分詞和主句主語之間是被動關(guān)系。

秘笈二：注意下列固定短語在做狀語時的表達方式：

Generally speaking,一般地說，

strictly speaking,從嚴(yán)格意義上來講

totallyspeaking 總的說來

Judging from/by根據(jù)……判斷

Given /allowing for 考慮到

秘笈三：不定式作結(jié)果狀語常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有：

Too adj./adv to do; too adj.+ a.+ n. to do

So adj. /adv as to do; such +n. as to do

注意：b表示一種事先沒有預(yù)料的結(jié)果用不定死。不定式前可用only來加強意想不到的結(jié)果.如：The reporter hurried to the airport ,only to be told the film stars had left.

秘笈四：方式狀語?？冀Y(jié)構(gòu)：主語（人、物）+be +adj. +to do

特點 1．句子的主語在邏輯關(guān)系上為不定式動作的賓語

2．形容詞為：easy, hard, difficult, comfortable, dangerous等。如：

The telephone number is easy to remember.

08高考真題演練：

1._______ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if shed like that little doll on her bed. (08北京)

A. SeeingB. To seeC .SeeD. Seen

2.—Did the book give the information you needed?

—yes. But ________ it, I had to read the entire book. (08北京)

A. to findB. findC. to be finding D .finding

3. I feel greatly honored ________ into their society. (08北京)

A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomedD. welcomed

4.______ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of the victory. (08

天津)

A. To throwB. Thrown C. Throwing D. Being thrown

5.________ to reach then on the phone, we sent an e-mail instead. (08重慶)

A. FailB. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed

6.________ the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. (08湖南)

A. Completing B. Complete.C. CompletedD. To complete

7.________ that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. (08浙江)

A. Not realized B. Not to realize C. Not realizingD. Not to have realized

8. He was busy writing a story, only _____once in a while to smoke a cigarette. (08遼寧)

A. to stopB. stoppingC. to have stopped D. having stopped

9.________ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008

Olympic Games. (08陜西)

A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show

10._________ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. (08安徽)

A. To walk B .Walk C. Walked D. Having walked

11.________ in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in

the car. (08福建)

A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having waited D. To have waited

12. We had an anxious couple of weeks _______ for the results of the experiment. (08四川)

A. wait B. to be waitingC. waitedD. waiting

答案解析：

1．A。句意為:看到她要離開去睡覺，我問她是否喜歡她床上的那個小布娃娃。I與see之間為主動關(guān)系，故排除D項，B項為目的狀語，但此處不表示目的，不符合語境，C項為動詞原形，不符合句子結(jié)構(gòu)，所以選A, seeing 作時間狀語。

2．A。句意為：這本書給出你需要的信息了嗎？是的。但要找到信息，我不得不讀了整本書。由句意可知該句子為目的狀語，故選A。C項強調(diào)動作的進行，不符合語境，B項不符合句法結(jié)構(gòu)，且也不表示目的，D項，單從語法看，沒錯誤，但不符合本句的語境含義。

3．C。句意為：進入他們的團體收到歡迎，我感到榮幸。從句意可知，我是受歡迎的，故應(yīng)排除A,B兩項。D項為過去分詞，不合題意。

4．C。此題的邏輯主語the fans與動詞throw之間應(yīng)為主動關(guān)系，可排除B、D兩項。通過語境可知let out loud shouts 與throw應(yīng)為同時發(fā)生，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。

5．D。句意：由于沒有打通電話，所以我給他們發(fā)了一封email。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，要填入的應(yīng)該是非謂語動詞且在句中作原因狀語，故排除 A項，而 C 項不定式用來表示目的，不符合句意，根據(jù)兩個動作的先后順序可得出“沒能打通電話”發(fā)生在“發(fā)email”之前，又因 fail和主句主語之間是主動關(guān)系，故用v+ing形式的完成式。

6．D。句意：為了如期完成工程，我們必須每天多工作兩個小時。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)看，此處不是不定式作主語，completing分詞作原因或時間狀語，表同時，表主動，顯然不符合提議。B項是謂語動詞，句中無并列連詞也無從屬連詞，也不缺少謂語，可排除，句子主語we和complete無法構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，排除項C。

7．C。句意：沒有意識到她身處危險之中，埃里克往森林深處走去。句子主語Eric 和realize之間是主謂關(guān)系，不要用被動語態(tài)。故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞或不定式。所以先排除A項。又因為不定式表示目的，而此處表伴隨，故排除B、D兩項。

8．B。句意：他在忙著寫故事，知識偶爾停下來吸煙。此處可理解為分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。不定式作結(jié)果狀語常表示意料之外的結(jié)果，而現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語表示意料之中的結(jié)果，由于要吸煙，停一會兒是必然的。所以選B。

9．C。句意：我們在被帶領(lǐng)著參觀了水立方之后，又被帶著去參觀為2008年奧運會準(zhǔn)備的鳥巢。非謂語動詞作狀語，其邏輯主語就是主句的主語。Show與 we為被動關(guān)系，故選C。

10．B。選項B Walking在句中是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，表示時間，相當(dāng)于While he was walking in the fields on a March afternoon.

11．C。句意：已經(jīng)排隊等候了半個小時了，這位老人突然意識到他把支票忘在了車上。此處現(xiàn)在分詞作時間狀語，相當(dāng)于狀語從句“After he had waited …”。

12．D。句意：我們焦急地等試驗結(jié)果，等了有幾周時間。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷所填的動詞應(yīng)為伴隨狀況，因此選waiting。AC兩項為謂語動詞，B項不表示伴隨。