小議“強調(diào)”表達法

楊乃芹

為了突出信息的重要性,英語中常使用強調(diào)手段。近年來,中學教材中也出現(xiàn)了許多強調(diào)的手段,現(xiàn)加以歸納說明。

一、句型法

即運用某些特殊的句型來進行強調(diào),如強調(diào)句型It iswas that…和否定疑問句等。如:

It is not blind man that/who make such mistakes.

Cant you understand what I said?

I cant thank you too much.

二、語序法

即通過改變句子的正常語序,使原來的句子倒裝來進行強調(diào)。

1.強調(diào)狀語,把狀語放在句首。如:

Only in this way can we learn English well.

2.強調(diào)表語,把表語放在句首。如:

A very important experiment it is.

3.有些詞和詞組如hardly,never, seldom, not only, by no means, in no case, no sooner…than,hardly…when等置于句首時,習慣上將句子倒裝,這樣產(chǎn)生明顯的強調(diào)作用。如:

Not only did he pass the exam, but also he got good marks.

4.表示方向性的副詞,如down,up,in,out,away,off 等置于句首時,主謂要到裝,這種結(jié)構(gòu)使句子所描述的情景更為生動。如:

Away went the car like a whirlwind.

三、重復法

即重復所要強調(diào)的詞。如:

Years of hard work,little food,only a cold room to live in and never, never a moment to rest.

四、增詞法

即通過增添新詞來進行強調(diào)。

1.強調(diào)動詞的詞

a. do﹙does, did﹚加強肯定句中一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時的語義,與動詞原形連用。如:

She does sing best in our class.

b. more than+動詞,意為“何止”,表示強調(diào)。如:

This more than satisfied me.

2.強調(diào)名詞的詞

名詞前加 very 表示強調(diào)。該詞前應帶有the,this,that或物主代詞。如:

You are the very man Im looking for.

3.強調(diào)形容詞的詞

a.形容詞比較級前加still, even, much, far,a good/great deal,最高級前加by far表強調(diào)。如:

The pacific is by far the largest ocean.

b. ever 用于比較級﹢than這一結(jié)構(gòu)后面,表加強語氣。如:

It is raining harder than ever.

c. the more…the more常用來強調(diào)比較級。如:

The harder you work, the more progress youll make.

4.強調(diào)句子的詞和短語

a. 把on earth, in the world, ever,under the sun等用于疑問句中,作“究竟”,“到底”講,用于否定句意為“全然”,“一點也不”。 如:

What on earth are you doing?

b. at all 表加強語氣,一般用于否定句、條件句或有否定意思的肯定句。如:

Im not at all satisfied with his report.

c.用not to mention,not to speak of,say nothing of等加強句子語氣。如:

He understands French,not to speak of English.

五、雙重否定法

雙重否定表示強烈的肯定。

如:Man cant live without water.

六、書面語中可用大寫、斜體、黑體字和破折號表示強調(diào)

如:Soon everyone was nodding and saying,“But HE HAS NOTHING ON!”

It is sold. I tell you—sold and gone.

七、使用動詞進行時表示強調(diào)

高頻度副詞always, constantly等與進行時連用加強語氣,表示贊美、反對、抱怨等各種情緒。如:

Mike, you are always making the same mistake.

八、用as well as 強調(diào)前面的詞

如:He got a new car as well as some books.