啃掉四級聽力這塊“硬骨頭”

詞匯篇

聽力考察的是學生的英語實際運用能力，而英語的實際操作能力的缺陷確是廣大學生的通病，雜志四級講座首先要教會大家如何啃食四級聽力。對付四級聽力如果不掌握一些關鍵詞匯、關鍵句型及聽力技巧，短短幾句話過去，似懂非懂，加上時間緊迫，做起題來狼狽不堪，要克服聽力這一關口，先從詞匯入手。

注意關鍵詞

四級聽力長短對話考點往往就是對話中的一兩個關鍵詞，要求學生根據(jù)所聽到的關鍵詞做出選擇。下面列出幾道這種類型的例題：

1) W: Oh， well， how can I manage to get another signature? Say， what's the bell for?

M: That's the signal to get back to our seats. The curtain will be going up on the next act in a few minutes.

Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?

A) In a theater.

B) In a cinema.

C) In a classroom.

D) In a supermarket.

要求根據(jù)所聽到的內(nèi)容猜測對話地點。對話中關鍵詞有：signature（簽名）、curtain（幕、簾）、act（幕、表演），從這些關鍵詞可以暗示對話場景是在戲院，答案應該選A。

2) W: Now， I'm going to start off by asking you a difficult question. Why would you like to get this post?

M: Well， first of all I know that your firm has a very good reputation. Then I've heard you offer good opportunities for promotion for the right person?

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

A) The woman is being interviewed by a reporter.

B) The woman is being giver an examination.

C) The woman is asking for a promotion.

D) The woman is applying a job.

要求根據(jù)所聽到的內(nèi)容猜測對話場景，對話中關鍵詞句有：get this post（得到這個職位）、your firm（貴公司）、offer good opportunities for promotion（有良好的晉升機會），聽懂了這些詞句，就不難做出判斷，可得出答案D，這位女士正在一個公司應聘。

3) W: How was the job interview? I think you'll make a good journalist. I remember you as the best writer of the class.

M: Well， in fact， my application was turned down. They were looking for people with experience in the profession.

Q: Why didn't the man get the job?

A) Because he doesn't write well enough.

B) Because he is not a professional writer.

C) Because he has no professional experience.

D) Because he didn't perform well in the interview.

要求所聽到的內(nèi)容說明原因，對話中的關鍵詞句有：turn down（拒絕）、looking for people with experience in the profession（尋求在該職業(yè)中有經(jīng)驗的人），所以可以得出男士沒有得到這個工作是因為他沒有該職業(yè)的經(jīng)驗，選C。

4) W: Have you finished reading my research report? I put it on your desk last week.

M: Yes， but you have to revise some parts of it， if you want to get it published.

Q: What does the man suggest that the woman should do?

A) Put her report on his desk.

B) Read some papers he recommended.

C) Mail her report to the publisher.

D) Improve some parts of her paper.

本題的關鍵是理解revise的同義詞是improve， revise指修正，進一步更改，improve是改進，改善的意思，選D。

5) M: Nancy， why were you late today?

W: I overslept and missed the bus.

Q: Why was Nancy late?

A) She got up later than usual.

B) The bus was late.

C) She forgot she had class.

D) Her clock was slow.

問Nancy為何遲到，原因是overslept，也就是got up later than usual，起晚了，考察學生對oversleep的瞬間反應，理出其意思，選A。

6) W: Steven will be a college freshman in the fall. I'm a little worried about him. He's never been away from home before.

M: Well， it has to happen sooner or later. He has to learn to take care of himself and to stand on his own feet.

Q: What does the man imply?

A) Steven is too young to leave home.

B) Steven will be homesick in school.

C) Steven has to learn to be independent.

D) Steven should learn how to help others.

關鍵聽男士的回應，考察Stand on one's own 及independent的同義辨認，如果沒明白其意思，這道題失分幾率就比較大，選C。

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場景對話一直以來就是四級考試的重點所在，目前的考題中場景內(nèi)容描述用詞難度加大。針對場景對話詞匯考察，我們總結(jié)出在不同的對話場景中學生必備的關鍵詞匯及詞組。

校園場景詞匯

be through with 結(jié)束，完成；rewarding 有益的，有收獲的；stay up 熬夜；chapter by chapter 一章一章地；release 發(fā)布（分數(shù)）；apply for申請；business degree商學院學位；intensively 精細地；pay your own way自己支付各種費用；semester 學期（美國英語）；biology生物學；term學期（英國英語）；registration注冊；course 課程；class permit聽課證；optional course選修課；literature class文學課；professor教授；workshop研討會；briefing剪報；lecturer講師；barely stay awake幾乎不能保持清醒；complicated復雜；extra copies多余的篇子；informative信息量大；presentation陳述，解釋，示范；mission任務，使命；nervous緊張的；contest比賽；calm平靜的；contestant參賽選手；a large audience一大群觀眾；shaking all over渾身發(fā)抖；not a big deal不是什么大不了的事情；beyond me超出我的理解范圍；do research for 研究；assistance 協(xié)助；assist 助手；briefings 簡要；stay awake 保持清醒；difficult/hard to follow 很難跟上；a dull speech 沉悶無聊的演講；attentive 專心的；on this topic 就這個話題；speak highly of 高度評價；attend 出席；finish the assignment 完成作業(yè)；full mark 滿分；to catch up 趕上；show up late 很晚才出現(xiàn)；do a good job 干的漂亮；librarian 圖書管理員；have one's hands full with 滿手的……；report 報道；make progress 進步；well worth the time and trouble 值得花費時間與精力；boring 無聊的；entertaining 娛樂性的；time-consuming 費時間的；reading assignment 閱讀任務；selectively 有選擇地；theory 理論；read through 從頭到尾地讀；plot 情節(jié)；cover a few chapters 涉及了幾個章節(jié)；character 人物角色；typing errors 打字錯誤；revise 修訂；quality paper 好紙；get it published 出版；proofread 校對；paragraph 段落；final exam 期末考試；fail 不及格，失??；mid-term 期中考試；results (pl) 分數(shù)；two sleepless nights 兩天兩夜沒睡覺；finals期末考試；seminar 研討會；take attendance 點名)；elementary 初級的，入門的；required 必須的；compulsory 義務的，必須的，強制的；elective 選任的，選修課程；description 描述，形容；catalog目錄；bulletin 布告；prerequisite course 預修課程；preliminary course 預備課程；such a heavy load 如此重的負荷； excellent reputation好名聲；drop a course 退修課程；fill someone in 暫代某人；You've really lost me there 你真的讓我糊涂了；make sense 有意義；miss a pretty important class錯過了一堂重要的課；clarify the misunderstanding澄清誤會；check the notes查看筆記。

生活及工作場景詞匯

No-parking sign 禁止停車標志；maintain 維持、繼續(xù)；interview 面試；apartment 公寓（美國英語）；bus stop 車站；finance 金融；suit 西裝；exhausted 筋疲力盡的；accounting 會計；tie 領帶；brush up on 溫習，復習；resume 簡歷；crowded 擁擠的；out of the way 偏僻的、偏遠的；hand in 上交；travel 出差；sweat 出汗；annual vacation 年假；email 郵件；high blood pressure 高血壓；attachment 附件；log in 登錄；forward the mail to 把郵件轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)給；log off 登出 ；appointment 約會；move on to 繼續(xù)；confirm 確認；the next item 下一個議題；cancel 取消；presentation 陳述，解釋，示范；come in one’s place 代表某人來；replace 取代；on behalf of 代表；Global theatre 環(huán)球劇院；drama 戲??；Grand theatre 大劇院；impressive 令人印象深刻的；too dramatic to be true 太假了；audience 觀眾； a long queue 長隊；appreciate 欣賞；sold out 賣完了；basketball season 籃球賽季；tennis 網(wǎng)球；camping 野營；badminton 羽毛球；jogging 慢跑；performance 表現(xiàn)；fishing 釣魚；keep fit 保持健康；scenery 風景；Greek style 希臘風格；break down 拋錨；latest technology最新的科技；column 柱子；working experience 工作經(jīng)歷；lawn 草地；museum 博物館；statue 塑像；size 型號；come in all sizes 號全；model 模型；discount 折扣；reduce 減少；Italian restaurant 意大利餐館；popular 受人喜愛的；environment 環(huán)境；crowded 擁擠的；on diet 節(jié)食；dessert 甜點；contain 含有；salad 沙拉；steak 牛排；inquire about 詢問；furnished （公寓）帶家具的；double-bedroom 兩室的；flat 公寓（英國英語）；brochure 冊子；house developer 房產(chǎn)開發(fā)商；flight 航班；wait for further notice 等候進一步通知；boarding gate 登機口；seat belt 安全帶；minor mechanical errors 輕微的機械故障；terminal 候機大廳；sign 標志；parking lot 停車場；garage 修車場；scratch 刮蹭；highway 高速公路；single lane 單行道；passengers 乘客；sleeper 臥鋪；be supposed to 應該；view 景色；scenery 景色；a cold 感冒；dizzy 頭暈；a fever 發(fā)燒；have the ankle twisted 扭到腳踝；appetite 胃口；blood vessel 血管；cloud over 天陰起來；clear up 天晴起來；swing 不穩(wěn)定，極端；weather forecast 天氣預報；coupled with strong wind 伴有強風；freezing 非常冷；hear from 聽到某人消息；get along 與……相處；be mad with 對某人生氣；get in touch with 和……聯(lián)系；the greatest hit 大片。

把握中心思想

短文理解聽力主要考察學生對相關背景知識的綜合運用及以文章中出項頻率較高的詞來確定文章的大致內(nèi)容，問題多為對細節(jié)內(nèi)容的考察，考察同義詞句的轉(zhuǎn)換，把握了關鍵詞匯，了解文章的中心思想，做起題來也就更順暢。來看一些例題：

1）According to the experiment， what problem can insufficient sleep cause in students?（06 年12月四級考試聽力短文理解真題）

A) Declining health.

B) Lack of attention.

C) Loss of motivation.

D) Improper behavior.

聽力原文中出現(xiàn)了sleep， impact on their performance ant school， during the day， attention problems， weekly performance reports 等詞，我們大致可以把握文章的方向，屬于討論性文章，關于學生的學校表現(xiàn)與睡眠的關系，把握大致方向后，聽起來就不會再那么費勁。原文中出現(xiàn)這些句子：According to classroom teachers， elementary and middle school students who stay up late exhibit more learning and attention problems（據(jù)課堂老師反映，中小學學生如果熬夜，將會出現(xiàn)更多的學習及注意力集中障礙）及Teachers also reported that these students had more difficulty paying attention（老師們也反映這些學生更難集中注意力）. have difficulty doing something 指做什么事情更困難，如果沒有這些詞匯障礙，一看選項，就可以毫不猶豫地確認B為正確選項。

2）What massage did the researcher intend to convey to parents? （06 年12月四級考試聽力短文理解真題）

A) They should make sure their children are always punctual for school.

B) They should ensure their children grow up in a healthy environment.

C) They should help their children accomplish high-quality work.

D) They should see to it that their children have adequate sleep.

這屬于主旨題。先看選項，A選項指確保孩子punctual for school（準時上學），不符合原文意思，B選項指讓孩子grow up in a healthy environment（在健康的環(huán)境下成長），意思牽強，D選項指幫助孩子accomplish high-quality work（更好地完成作業(yè)），不是文章的主旨，D選項see to（確保）孩子有adequate sleep（充足的睡眠），整篇文章多次提及sleep這個詞并進行議論，主旨題更多的是考查文章的開頭和結(jié)尾。原文結(jié)尾處說：getting kids to bed on time is as important as getting them to school on time，表明了讓孩子準時睡覺的重要性，所以選D，get somebody to do something 使某人干某事。

3、復合式聽寫比聽力選擇題更強調(diào)語言的綜合運用能力，更側(cè)重的是詞匯的拼寫能力、筆記能力和書面表達能力，這些都離不開詞匯。以下是07年6月大學英語四級復合式聽寫真題選段：

For one thing， parents are often not aware of the kinds of problems their children face. They don't realize that the competition is keener， that the required standards of work are higher， and that their children may not be prepared for the change. Accustomed to seeing A's and B's on the high school report cards， they may be upset when their children's fist semester college grades are below that level. At their kindest， they may gently inquire why John or Mary isn't doing better， whether he or she is trying as hard as he or she should， and so on. At their worst， they may threaten to take their children out of college， or cut off funds.

Sometime parents regard their children as extensions of themselves and think it only right and natural that they determine what their children do with their lives. In their involvement and identification with their children， they forget that everyone is different， and that each person must develop in his or her own way. They forget that their children， who are now young adults， must be the ones responsible for what they do and what they are…

復合式聽寫的句子不難，但偶爾會出現(xiàn)一些較難的詞匯，要求考生迅速拼寫出來，有時即使聽清楚了該詞的讀音，但不敢確定所填單詞是否正確，因為同音異形的單詞有很多。別看要求填寫的單詞不多，實際上要求考生掌握的詞匯量不僅僅是這些填詞。

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歷年?？荚~匯

副詞：outwardly表面地；exclusively僅僅地；somewhat稍稍；explicitly明確地；virtually實際上；forcibly強制地，有力地；spontaneously自發(fā)地；formerly先前；inevitably必然地；intentionally有意地，故意地；presumably大概，推測地；deliberately故意地，深思熟慮地；simultaneously同時；startlingly令人吃驚地；triumphantly成功地；unexpectedly出乎意料地；increasingly日益增多地；optimistically樂觀地。

名詞：limitation局限性；loyalty忠誠；luxury奢侈，豪華；manifestation表現(xiàn)（形式）；mechanism機械裝置；misfortune不幸，災難；minority少數(shù)；position職務；predecessor前任，原有事物；premise前提，假定；prescription處方；preservation保存；prestige聲望，威望；priority優(yōu)先（權）；prospect前景；rate速度；ration定量；recession (經(jīng)濟上)不景氣，撤退；reflection反映，表現(xiàn)；allowance津貼；ambition野心，雄心；anticipation預期，期望；appreciation感謝，感激；array陳列；assurance保證；instinct本能，直覺；integrity正直，誠實； intuition直覺；lease租約，契約；legislation立法，法律。

讀音易聽混詞匯：collect， correct；bother， brother；long， alone；week， weak；rain， ruin；class， glass；last， lost；lesson， lessen；too， to；tied， tired；patient， patience；assistant， assistance；dog， duck；run， wrong；long， longer；for some time， four times；hat， hut；too much trouble， take the trouble；table for four， timetable；paper， newspaper。

讀音易混詞匯很容易誤導干擾考生，稍不注意聽，選項中只要出現(xiàn)了相似讀音詞匯的選項，考生就會很容易中了題目的招，誤選答案，所以平時應多積累這種容易混淆讀音的詞匯，實在沒聽明白原文的話，選擇答案時盡量選擇內(nèi)容與原文話題相近的選項，切不可相信那些有與原文內(nèi)容不太相關但讀音神似的詞匯的選項。

總結(jié)

影響聽力的知識信息因素主要有詞匯量、語法、句式、習語、語篇知識、社會文化知識、邏輯知識等，但詞匯量是基礎，是聽力的一大殺手，平時練習聽力時，詞匯量如果不夠的話，不必灰心沮喪，可以一邊重復聽錄音，一邊動手記里面的生單詞，直到生單詞都耳熟心熟，在聽力過程中記單詞遠比閉口默記單詞效率要高，所以在聽力過程中碰到生單詞時不要有排斥心理，這是學習新單詞的好時機。