初中英語總復(fù)習(xí)

徐愛明

一﹑初中英語易混詞辨析

1.speak，tell，talk，say

(1) speak表示“說話，講話”，著重開口發(fā)言，不強(qiáng)調(diào)說的內(nèi)容，一般作不及物動(dòng)詞。作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，賓語只能是語言。

(2) tell用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“告訴，告知；講(故事/謊言)”，后接名詞、代詞、雙賓語或復(fù)合賓語。

(3) talk多用作不及物動(dòng)詞，表示連續(xù)地說話，常用于talk about，talk to/with sb.。

(4) say強(qiáng)調(diào)“說”的內(nèi)容，其后可以直接加說話的內(nèi)容、從句。另外說明書、報(bào)紙、書信、布告的“說”時(shí)，習(xí)慣用say 或read。

【即時(shí)練習(xí)】

Shall we go and______ hello to her?

A.say B.speak C.shout D.talk

2.put on，wear，dress，(be) in

(1) put on表示“穿上、戴上”，穿著的對(duì)象可以是衣帽、鞋、襪子等，側(cè)重于穿戴這個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作，而不表示持續(xù)性狀態(tài)；其反義詞為take off (脫下)，是一個(gè)由“及物動(dòng)詞 + 副詞”構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語，它的賓語是名詞時(shí)，賓語可放在副詞on的前面或后面；如果賓語是代詞時(shí)，賓語必須放在副詞的前面。

(2) wear 作“穿、戴”解時(shí)，其賓語可以是“衣帽”之類的物品，也可以是“項(xiàng)鏈”、“花朵”之類的裝飾品。注意：wear 還可以作“面露、面帶”解，其賓語多是“某種表情”(如微笑、氣憤等)。

(3) dress 既可以指“穿著”的狀態(tài)，也可以指“穿戴” 的動(dòng)作；同時(shí)其“穿著”的對(duì)象只能為人，而非衣物。另外，可以用be dressed，get dressed 分別表示穿著的狀態(tài)和動(dòng)作。

(4) “be in + 服裝/顏色”也表示“穿著”的狀態(tài)。

【即時(shí)練習(xí)】

The woman______ the child quickly and took him to hospital.(2002 哈爾濱)

A.put on B.dressed

C.had on D.was wearing

3.hope，wish，expect

(1) wish后接不易實(shí)現(xiàn)的“愿望”；hope后往往表示可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的“希望”；expect指有把握、有信心的一種“期待”，常含有“等待發(fā)生”之意。三者都可接不定式作賓語，wish和expect還可接不定式作賓補(bǔ)，但hope不能。

(2)三者都可接that從句，wish因?yàn)楸硎镜脑竿y以實(shí)現(xiàn)，所以從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞通常用虛擬語氣。

(3) wish可用來表示祝愿，而hope和 expect則不能。

(4) hope和 expect可以和so或not連用，表示希望﹑期待某事會(huì)發(fā)生，而wish不能。

(5) 作名詞時(shí)wish表示人的主觀愿望，hope表示客觀可能。

【即時(shí)練習(xí)】

① I______ you success.

A.wish B.hope C.expect D.may

②______ that he could come tomorrow.

A.wish B.hope C.expect D.believe

4.lots of，much，many，plenty of

lots of表示“許多、大量”，相當(dāng)于a lot of或plenty of ，既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞，一般多用于肯定句中，在疑問句或否定句中常用much或 many代替。many 表示許多、大量，只能修飾可數(shù)名詞；much表示“許多、大量”，只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞；a lot 常用作狀語，表示“非常、相當(dāng)”。

【即時(shí)練習(xí)】

So______ homework really makes the students feel tired.

A.much B.many C.little D.few

5.each，every

each作形容詞時(shí)，用于修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；each作代詞時(shí)，用作單數(shù)，既可指人也可指物；each指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上中的每一個(gè)，著重于指?jìng)€(gè)體，如團(tuán)體中的一個(gè)人或物。every。指三者或三者以上整體中的每一個(gè)，著重于整體，含有全體之意，只用作形容詞，不用作代詞。each可直接與of連用，而every要和 one，再加上of 連用。

【即時(shí)練習(xí)】 ____ of them______ a new hat.

A.Every；has B.Each；has

C.Every；have D.Each；have

6.want，would like

(1) want表示“想，想要”，一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。其后接名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，即want sth.，want to do sth.，want sb.to do sth.。

(2) want表示“想要”，含有期盼的意思；而would like 常用于表達(dá)請(qǐng)求，語氣較委婉。

【即時(shí)練習(xí)】

She wants______ (go)______ (see) the film tonight.(動(dòng)詞填空)

7.also，too ，either ...

(1) also表示“也”，比too更正式，通常用在肯定句中，位置緊靠動(dòng)詞。

(2) too與 also相比更口語化，一般用于句末，常常用于肯定句中。too 還可用來表示“太……”，常用于句型too + adj./adv.+to do sth.“太……而不能……”。

(3) either 表示“也”，用于否定句中，常用于句末。

【即時(shí)練習(xí)】

If you dont want to go swimming，I wont，______.

A.too B.also C.either D.neither

8.across，over，through，cross

(1) across 與over都有“越過”之意，但用法和含義上又有區(qū)別。對(duì)橫過道路、河流等“細(xì)長物”的表達(dá)時(shí)，兩個(gè)詞均可使用。但是，over 雖可用于指表面的接觸及跳(飛)越，但若指從水中渡過時(shí)則不能使用。從房間、原野、海洋等“平面延伸”的一端越到另一端時(shí)，不能使用over ，而需使用across。

(2)就across 與through 來說，across著重指從一條線或一物體表面的一邊到另一邊，含義與on有關(guān)(有接觸的含義)；through 意為“穿過，從……中通過”，著重指從空間的一頭縱穿到另一頭，含義與in有關(guān)(有在某個(gè)氛圍或范圍中的含義)。

(3)從詞性上看across是介詞，而cross是動(dòng)詞；在句子當(dāng)中across 與動(dòng)詞的某些搭配，常相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞cross。

【即時(shí)練習(xí)】

The tourist______ the road when the traffic light was green.

A.went along B.went through

C.went across D.went over

9.look，see，watch，read

(1) look指“看”的過程，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，是不及物動(dòng)詞，跟賓語時(shí)要加at。

(2) see指“看見”“看到”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的結(jié)果，不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)。它是及物動(dòng)詞，可直接帶賓語，多用于“看電影、戲”等。

(3) watch指為了欣賞或某種特定的目的而“觀看”，“注視”。它側(cè)重于目的性和動(dòng)作過程，常用于“看電視、看球賽”等活動(dòng)。

(4) read多用于看文字性的東西，如“看書、看報(bào)”等。

【即時(shí)練習(xí)】

I______ around，but______ nobody.

A.saw；looked B.read；saw

C.looked；saw D.watched；read

10.arrive，reach，get to

(1) arrive用作不及物動(dòng)詞，后接介詞表示到達(dá)某處。arrive后面的介詞，大體上按所到達(dá)的地點(diǎn)的大小來決定：at后接較小的場(chǎng)所，如鎮(zhèn)、家、店等；in后接較大的地方，如國家、大都市等；on后面則多接島嶼及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)等。

(2) reach 是及物動(dòng)詞，后直接接地點(diǎn)。

(3) get to后接地點(diǎn)，若接地點(diǎn)副詞home/there/here時(shí)，短語中的介詞如at/in/on/to需省略。

【即時(shí)練習(xí)】

① They will______ Guangzhou tonight.

A.arrive B.get C.reach D.got

11.join，take part in，attend

(1) join指參加或加入某黨派、團(tuán)體，并成為其中的一員，后面也可以接us/them/the young people 等表示一群人的詞或詞組，表示參與到這群人的活動(dòng)中去。

(2) take part in指參加群眾性的活動(dòng)、會(huì)議、考試、競(jìng)賽等，其中part 前可用an active 修飾，take an active part in 表示“積極參加”。

(3) attend一般指出席會(huì)議。

【即時(shí)練習(xí)】

The children planted more trees and flowers after they______ Greener China.

A.joined B.took part in

C.became D.were

12.large，big，great

(1) large 意為“大的，寬大的，大規(guī)模的”，與small相對(duì)。在通常情況下，與big是同義詞，但large側(cè)重指面積、體積之大。

(2) big意為“大的”，與little/small相對(duì)。big與large一樣，都可以指具體的事物。big多側(cè)重體積之大，還可表示“巨大的；偉大的；重要的”等意思。

(3) great 意為“巨大的；偉大的；重大的”，與little/small相對(duì)，除可表示數(shù)量、體積之大外，還可指抽象程度的“偉大”。

【即時(shí)練習(xí)】

An elephant is a______ animal.

A.big B.tall C.heavy D.large

13.become，get，turn，go

這四個(gè)詞用作連系動(dòng)詞都可表示人或事物狀態(tài)、外貌等的變化?？偟恼f來，become，turn 比 get，go 更正式。具體用法如下：

(1) become 和 get 指一個(gè)人的暫時(shí)性的身心變化或永久性的自然變化。如：

become (get) angry (famous，fat，ill，old，well，strong，deaf，etc.) 生氣(成名，發(fā)胖，得病，見老，痊愈，變聾，變強(qiáng)等)

另外，become 和 get 還可指天氣的變化和社會(huì)的趨勢(shì)。

(2) go主要指某人的肉體上或精神上由強(qiáng)到弱的變化。有時(shí)也指事物由強(qiáng)到弱(或由好變壞)。

比較：come 多用于“好”的變化：

注：go 一般不與 old，tired，ill 等連用，遇此情況要用其他連系動(dòng)詞。

(3) go和turn可用于人或事物顏色的變化。

(4) turn后接名詞(短語)，往往表示意想不到的變化，注意該名詞前通常不用冠詞。

【即時(shí)練習(xí)】 選擇合適的詞填空。

① The radio has______ (gone；turned) wrong.

② Divorce is______ (becoming；going) more common.

③ He______ (went；became) deaf.

14.below與under

(1) 兩者都可表示“低于”，under 主要表示垂直的正下方，而 below 則不一定表示正下方(即可以是正下方或非正下方)。換句話說，表示正下方，兩者都可用；不表示正下方，則通常用below。

(2) 兩者均可表示數(shù)量方面的“少于”，但在現(xiàn)代英語中，以用 under 為多見。

注：在現(xiàn)代英語中，below 表示“少于”，主要用于表示溫度、高度以及有縱向標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可比的情況。

(3) 若表示一物被另一物所覆蓋，則通常用 under。

(4) 表示職位、級(jí)別等關(guān)系時(shí)，用 under 表直接關(guān)系，用 below 表非直接關(guān)系。比較：

Mr.A is under Mr.B.A 先生是 B 先生的部下。

Mr.A is below Mr.B.__A 先生比 B 先生職位低。

【即時(shí)練習(xí)】

① There were______ (under，below) forty people at the meeting.

② This place is______ (below，under) sea level.

15.spend，take，cost，pay

(1) spend的主語只能是人，賓語可以是金錢、時(shí)間、精力等。用于句型：Sb.spends money/time on sth./(in) doing sth.。

(2) take的主語多用形式主語it，也可以是人或某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，賓語大多是時(shí)間、金錢。It takes sb.some time to do sth.表示花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間去做某事。

(3) cost的主語為物、事情或用it作形式主語，賓語主要是金錢或含抽象概念表示時(shí)間及其他事物的名詞短語。Sth.cost sb.some money 表示某物花某人錢。

(4) pay的主語只能是人，賓語可以是人，通常與for連用。Sb.pays some money for sth.表示“某人花錢買某物”。

【即時(shí)練習(xí)】

—What a nice MP3! Is it yours?

—Of course.I______ 300 yuan on it.

A.cost B.spent C.paid D.take

16.cause，reason

表示“理由”時(shí)，兩者雖然常常互換，但也有區(qū)別：

(1) cause 是不可數(shù)名詞，而 reason 可用作可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，因此當(dāng)需要用復(fù)數(shù)或受 a，every，many 等修飾時(shí)，通常要用 reason。如：

I have many reasons to fear him.我怕他是有很多理由的。

(2) reason 之后可接 why 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，而 cause 不能。

【即時(shí)練習(xí)】

① She had every______ (reason；cause) for thinking so.

② The reason______ (why；that) I didnt tell you was that I wanted it to be a surprise. 我沒有告訴你，是想讓它給你一個(gè)驚喜。

17.affect，effect，influence

(1) affect與effect均可表示“影響”，其區(qū)別是：前者是動(dòng)詞(及物)，主要指一時(shí)的影響，著重影響的動(dòng)作，可指一般意義的影響(不分好壞)，也可指不良影響；后者是名詞(可數(shù)或不可數(shù))，兩者的關(guān)系大致為：affect=have an effect on。

注：effect 有時(shí)雖用作動(dòng)詞(及物)，但不表示“影響”，而表示“實(shí)現(xiàn)”或“產(chǎn)生”等。

(2) influence 表示“影響”，主要指對(duì)行為、性格、觀點(diǎn)等產(chǎn)生間接的或潛移默化的影響。可用作動(dòng)詞(及物)或名詞(通常不可數(shù)，但有時(shí)可連用不定冠詞)。

【即時(shí)練習(xí)】

① What you read______(influences；effect) your thinking.

② The news had no______ ( effect；influence) on her at all.

18.alive，living，live

三者均可表示“活著的”，區(qū)別如下：

(1) alive 主要用作表語(有時(shí)可用作后置定語，但不用作前置定語)，可用于人或動(dòng)物。注意：若 alive 本身有修飾語，則也可用作前置定語。

(2) living 可用作表語或定語，可用于人或物。

alive 和 living 表示“活著的”，兩者含義很接近，只要句法適合，有時(shí)可互換。如：

誰是當(dāng)代最偉大的詩人?

正：Who is the greatest living poet?

正：Who is the greatest poet alive?

若需嚴(yán)格區(qū)分，兩者仍有差別：living 通常是客觀描述某人“尚在人間”或“健在”，而 alive 則主要指生與死的“界限”。

(3) live 通常只用作定語(前置)，可用于動(dòng)物或植物，但一般不用于指人。

【即時(shí)練習(xí)】

用live，living，alive填空

① He must be still______.他一定還活著。

② Hes the happiest man______.

③ He is a really______ student.

④ Both plants and animals are______ things.

⑤ He bought some______ fish.他買了幾條 活魚。

19.because，since，as，for

(1) because語氣最強(qiáng)，表示直接原因，可用于回答 why 提出的問題，引導(dǎo)表語從句，用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句等，而其余三者均不行。

(2) since 與 as所表示的原因都是人們已知的，即對(duì)已知事實(shí)提供理由，而不是表示直接原因。since 比 as 語氣稍強(qiáng)，且比 as 略為正式，它們引導(dǎo)的從句通常放在主句之前，有時(shí)也放在主句之后。

(3) for是并列連詞(其余三者為從屬連詞)，它有時(shí)可表示因果關(guān)系(通常要放在主句之后，且可與 because 換用)；有時(shí)不表示因果關(guān)系，而是對(duì)前面分句內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋或推斷(也要放在主句之后，但不能與because 換用)。

(4)漢語習(xí)慣上說“因?yàn)椤?，所以……”，但是在英語里卻不能將 so 與because，since，as 等連用。例如：

誤： Because it was fine，so we went swimming.

正： Because it was fine，we went swimming.

正： It was fine，so we went swimming.

【即時(shí)練習(xí)】

用as，since，because，for填空。

① Why didnt he come?______ he was ill.

② It is______ he is too busy that he didnt come last night.

③______ you are wrong，you should apologize.

④ It must have rained last night，______ the ground is wet this morning.

20.bring，take，get，fetch，carry

(1) bring 和 take 是一對(duì)反義詞。bring 表示從別處把某人或物“帶來”或“拿來”，而 take 則指把某人或物“帶走”或“拿走”(到別處)。注意：若在 bring 和 take 之后接副詞 out，則兩者同義，意為“拿出來”(=get out)。

(2) fetch 與 get 大致同義，均指到別處把某人或物帶來，在意義上相當(dāng)于 go and bring，口語中多用 get。

注意：fetch 和 get 在意義上相當(dāng)于 go and bring，所以從邏輯上說它們不宜再與 go 連用，但在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中?？梢姷?或聽到)這樣的句子：

Go and get your notebook.去把你的筆記本拿來。

(3) carry 指“隨身攜帶”(如搬，提，拿，扛，抬，抱，背，帶等)，不具體說明來去的方向，有時(shí)含有沉重或麻煩之意。

【即時(shí)練習(xí)】

用take，bring，get，fetch，carry填空

① He______ a box on his back.

② Please______ the empty cup away and ______me a cup of tea.

③ Shall I______ you your coat from the next room?

21.accept 與 receive

(1) receive 通常指被動(dòng)地“收到”或“接到”，而 accept 則指主動(dòng)地“接受”。比較并體會(huì)：

She received his present，but she didnt accept it.__她收到了他的禮物，但是沒有接受。

注意：有時(shí)用詞要視語言習(xí)慣而定，而不能簡單地認(rèn)為 receive = 收到，accept = 接受。如“接受禮物”說成英語是 accept a gift，而“接受教育”卻是 receive education。

(2) 表示“接見”、“接待”時(shí)，要用 receive 而不用 accept。如：

She was warmly received.__她受到熱情地接待。

【即時(shí)練習(xí)】

選用receive和 accept的適當(dāng)形式填空。

① We havent received his letter for a long time.

② She offered him a lift and he accepted (it).22.too much，too many，much too

(1) too much一般相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾不可數(shù)名詞，表示“太多，過多”。相當(dāng)于副詞，用來修飾動(dòng)詞。too much還可以作代詞，可作主語、表語或賓語。

(2) too many 的用法與too much類似，但需修飾或指代可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞；

(3) much too意為“太、過于”，相當(dāng)于副詞，多修飾形容詞或其他副詞。

【即時(shí)練習(xí)】

The dress on the right is nice，but it costs too much.(詞語釋義)

A.is quite cheap B.is too small

C.is too expensive D.is very popular

23.little，a little，few，a few

little(a little) ，few(a few)都表示“一些”；a little 與little修飾不可數(shù)名詞，a few與 few修飾可數(shù)名詞；a little，a few表示“有幾個(gè)”、“有一些”，含肯定意義，著重點(diǎn)在“有”上，強(qiáng)調(diào)雖然少，但是還有；few和 little表示“沒有幾個(gè)”、“幾乎沒有”，分別和not many，not much相對(duì)，著重點(diǎn)在“少”上，含否定意義。這四個(gè)詞都可在句中作定語、主語和賓語。

溫馨提示：(1)當(dāng)little不表示數(shù)量，而分別表示“小的”含義時(shí)，它們則可以修飾可數(shù)名詞，此時(shí)的little也不再表示否定含義，如指“一個(gè)”，前可加a。

(2)few與little接近形容詞，都有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)，分別為little → less → least 與few → fewer → fewest。

【即時(shí)練習(xí)】

The English novel is quite easy for you.There are______ new words in it .

A.a little B.little

C.a few D.few

24.fall，drop，land

(1) fall主要用作不及物動(dòng)詞，側(cè)重于指由于重力的作用或失去平衡等而“落下；降落；跌下”。

(2) drop 作及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞皆可，側(cè)重指由于地心引力或沒有握住等原因而“落下；使落下”。 drop用作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)和fall沒有什么區(qū)別。它還有“放棄”的意思。

(3) land側(cè)重指“(從空中)降落；落下”，也能指從船上“登陸、卸下”。

【即時(shí)練習(xí)】

She______ the ball into the well.

A.fell B.dropped C.landed D.took

25.borrow，lend

borrow指“借入”，其對(duì)應(yīng)詞lend指“借出”。borrow常與from連用；lend后常接to。borrow sth.from sb.的意思是“向某人借某物”；lend sth.to sb.意思是“把某物借給某人”。

【即時(shí)練習(xí)】

—May I______ your CD player?

—Certainly，but you cant______ it to others.

A.borrow；keep B.lend；keep

C.keep；borrow D.borrow；lend

26.happen與take place

happen為不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“發(fā)生”。在用法上與漢語差別很大，漢語習(xí)慣說“發(fā)生了某事”，而英語中則說sth.happens。happen無被動(dòng)語態(tài)，泛指一切客觀事物或情況的發(fā)生，主語常為事件、情況等，與不定式連用時(shí)則表示偶然發(fā)生的行為；take place側(cè)重指按計(jì)劃按部就班地發(fā)生。

【即時(shí)練習(xí)】

I happened______ Mrs.Wang in the street yesterday.

A.meet B.meeting C.to meet D.met

27.besides，except，but

(1) besides是介詞，“除……之外，還有……”，指除外的部分包括在內(nèi)，相當(dāng)于with和plus。

(2) except與but都表示從整體中除去部分(不包括在內(nèi)了)，?？蓳Q用。但but著重整體，常用在no，all，nobody，where，who 等詞后；except不受此限，且著重指除去的部分。

【即時(shí)練習(xí)】 ____ English，we study Chinese，Politics，maths，physics and chemistry.

A.Beside B.Besides

C.except D.Except

28.used to，be used to do sth.與be

used to doing sth.

used to是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞詞組，后面接動(dòng)詞原形，used to do sth.表示過去的習(xí)慣(過去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作)或狀態(tài)(現(xiàn)在已不復(fù)存在)，只有過去形式，可用于所有人稱。used to do sth.是指“過去經(jīng)常做……”，be used to do sth.是被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)“(某物)被用來做某事”；be used to doing sth.習(xí)慣于做某事(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)養(yǎng)成了的習(xí)慣)。

溫馨提示：used to do sth.的疑問句和否定句有以下兩種變化：

(1) Used + 主語 + to do sth.? 主語 + used not to do sth.

(2) Did + 主語 + use to do sth.?主語+didnt use to do sth..

【即時(shí)練習(xí)】

I______ live in the village，so I know it very well.

A.use to B.used to

C.are used to D.were used to

29.belong to，have

(1) belong to是“屬于……；是……的成員”之意，belong是不及物動(dòng)詞，一般用于“動(dòng)詞 + 介詞”構(gòu)成的詞組，表示主語屬于to之后的成分。例如：China belongs to the third world.中國屬于第三世界。

(2) belong to是“屬于”，而have是“擁有”，如：The new bike belongs to Mary.這輛新自行車是瑪麗的。Mary has a new bike.瑪麗有一輛新自行車。belong to用物或人作主語，表示“某物是某人的”或“某人屬于某政黨、團(tuán)體、階層等”；而have通常用人作主語，強(qiáng)調(diào)是誰擁有某物。

【即時(shí)練習(xí)】

The boy______ the singing group of Grade One.

A.is belonging B.belongs

C.is belonging to D.belongs to

30.take after，look like

take after指子女在長相、性格方面與父母相似；而look like意為“看起來像”，既可以指子女看起來像父母，又可以指一種東西看上去像另一種。

look like指看上去像父母時(shí)，偏重于外貌、長相；take after則是指外貌和性格兩方面。當(dāng)單指外貌上子女與父母相像時(shí)，look like可與take after換用。

【即時(shí)練習(xí)】

She is of medium height and a little bit quiet.I think she______ her mother a lot.

A.look like B.looks like

C.take after D.takes after

31.give sb.a ride，pick up

(1) give sb.a ride意為“讓某人搭便車”，sb.可以是人名，也可以是人稱代詞(賓格)。如：give Lucy a ride 讓露茜搭便車，give him a ride 讓他搭便車。

(2) pick up也有“讓……搭車”之意，但其用法廣泛。pick up既可指(中途)搭人，又可指(中途)帶貨；此外還有“拾起”之意。pick sb.up 中的sb.為代詞時(shí)必須放在中間，為名詞時(shí)可放在中間或pick up之后。give sb.a ride 僅指讓人搭車。

【即時(shí)練習(xí)】

Thanks to a kind-hearted man，he______

on my way here.

A.pick me up B.give me a ride

C.picked up me D.gave me a ride

32.offer 與provide

二者都有“提供”的意思，都用作及物動(dòng)詞。

(1) offer后帶雙賓語，即offer sb.sth.(= offer sth.to sb.)為某人提供某物。offer后接不定式，offer to do sth.表示“(主動(dòng))提出做某事”；offer sb.some money for sth.表示“向某人出價(jià)買某物”；offer sb.sth.for some money 表示“向某人索價(jià)賣某物”。

(2) provide sb.with sth.意為“為某人提供某物”；provide sth.for sb.意為“把某物提供給某人”；provide + 從句意為“規(guī)定，約定”。

【即時(shí)練習(xí)】

Our teacher______ us many chances to practice English.

A.showed B.lent

C.gave D.borrowed

33.look for，discover，find out，search

(1) look for表示“尋找”這一意思時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”的動(dòng)作或過程。例如：

I looked for the boy everywhere.我到處找那個(gè)男孩。

(2) discover指有意或無意地發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)存在但尚不為人所知的事物，發(fā)現(xiàn)物可以是物體等有形物或真理等無形物，后面一般不能接動(dòng)詞不定式。

(3) find out指經(jīng)過詢問、調(diào)查、觀察、計(jì)算或研究等手段發(fā)現(xiàn)或找到，多用于復(fù)雜而不易直接查出的情況。

(4) search是指對(duì)某一處所、容器或人進(jìn)行搜查或指尋找想找到的人或物，比look for 的語氣更強(qiáng)，后面可接介詞for。

【即時(shí)練習(xí)】

Columbus______ America many years ago.

A.looked for B.discovered

C.searched D.found

34.award，prize，honor，reward

(1) award主要是指為鼓勵(lì)工作表現(xiàn)突出的人而頒發(fā)的獎(jiǎng)品，往往強(qiáng)調(diào)榮譽(yù)而不在乎獎(jiǎng)品或獎(jiǎng)金的大小或多少，后面可以接雙賓語，可以用作動(dòng)詞，也可以用作名詞。

(2) prize表示“獎(jiǎng)品、獎(jiǎng)金”，多指在競(jìng)爭、競(jìng)賽或抽彩中獲得的獎(jiǎng)，是可數(shù)名詞。

(3) reward表示“酬謝、獎(jiǎng)賞、報(bào)酬”，后面可以接介詞with，表示酬謝的物品時(shí)，常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

(4) honor可指官方承認(rèn)的獎(jiǎng)賞和榮譽(yù)，但往往指非官方的私人獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，可用作可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，表示“尊敬、給予榮譽(yù)”的意思。

【即時(shí)練習(xí)】

Who won the first______ in the surfing competition?

A.prize B.honor C.award D.reward

即時(shí)練習(xí)答案：

1.A 2.B 3.①A ②A 4.A 5.B 6.to go；to see 7.C 8.C 9.C 10.C 11.A 12.D 13.①gone ②becoming ③became 14.① under ② below 15.B 16.①reason ② why 17.①influence ② effect 18.①alive

②alive ③alive ④living ⑤live 19.① Because ②because ③Since ④for 20.①carried ②take；bring ③ get/fetch 21.①received ②accepted 22.C 23.D 24.B 25.D 26.C 27.B 28.B 29.D 30.D 31.D 32.C 33.B 34.A

二、初中英語重點(diǎn)短語歸納

Ⅰ.選用下列方框中的短語并用其適當(dāng)形式 填空。

A

1.Im sorry.Ill______ what I said.

2.All the Chinese people______ Liu Xiang. He is our national hero.

3.Lucy______ Lily，because they are twins.

4.Lets hurry；the plane is going to______， or we will miss it.

5.______；the bus is coming quickly.

6.We always______ to clean our classroom.

7.Please______ your books if you dont use them.

8.Look，the picture is broken，please______ it______.

9.Tom is very fit，because he often______.

10.Great changes have______ in China in the past ten years.

答案： 1.take back 2.take pride in 3.takes after 4.take off 5.Take care 6.take turns 7.take away 8.take；down 9.takes exercise 10.taken place

B

1.Could you lend me your bike，and Ill ______it______ to you soon.

2.The little girl prefers to die rather than ______.

3.Im going to______ ads at the supermarket.

4.My brother has______ smoking already.

5.Many people are______ their money and things to those homeless people in trouble. 答案：1.give；back 2.give in 3.give out 4.given up 5.giving away

C

1.Stop talking.Lets______ to business.

2.Tim and his girlfriend______ two days ago.

3.Well______ at the school gate，then well take a bus to the museum.

4.The boy climbed up the tree，but he couldnt______.

5.Twenty thousand people______ in the earthquake that happened in Sichuan.

6.How are you______ with with your classmates?

7.The children are______ for the coming exam.

8.They got up early and______ quickly.

9.I want to______ my pen from Tom.

10.The train is moving.Lets______ it.

答案：1.get down 2.got married 3.get together 4.get down 5.got hurt 6.getting on/along 7.getting ready 8.got dressed 9.get back 10.get on

D

1.My son is sleeping，please______ the radio a little.

2.You must______ your homework tomorrow.

3.Nothing can make me______ my country.

4.Could you please______ the radio? I want to listen to the weather report.

5.They enter the classroom______.

6.Can you______ this passage______English?

7.Its too hot in the room.Please______ the electric fan.

8.You must______ the lights before you leave the room.

9.Mary______ at the corner and saw me.

10.______ that page，and youll find the answer.

答案： 1.turn down 2.turn in 3.turn against 4.turn on 5.in turn 6.turn；into 7.turn up 8.turn off 9.turned around 10.Turn over

E

1.Your shoes are everywhere.You must______ them______.

2.—Wheres the bird? —It has______.

3.Many bridges have______ by the floods.

4.You cant find Mr.Wang here.He has ______.

5.Dont______ the waste paper.It can be recycled.

6.We mustnt______ the books from the library.

7.When the thief saw the police，he______ quickly.

8.Is the village______ from your hometown?

答案： 1.put；away 2.flown away 3.been washed away 4.moved away 5.throw away 6.take away 7.ran away 8.far away

F

1.Ill______ to your house tomorrow evening.

2.We should______ all kinds of difficulties we face.

3.If you dont feel well，Ill ask Dr.Smith to ______you______.

4.This problem isnt a little difficult；you must______ it______.

5.When Mr.Wang knew what happened，he ______quickly with a medicine box.

6.When the old man was crossing the road， he______.

7.If you want to get good grades，you must ______your lessons.

8.The plane has______ a line of mountains.

答案：1.come over 2.get over 3.look over 4.think；over 5.hurried over 6.fell off 7.go over 8.flown over

G

1.Edison liked______ new ideas when he was young.

2.A terrible earthquake______ on May 12，2008.

3.Im sorry that we have______ the shoes end.

4.If he works hard like this，he will______ sooner or later.

5.The burning cigarette end must be______ or it will cause a fire accident.

6.We were doing our homework，suddenly the lights______.

7.The problem is too difficult for me to ______.

8.Our physics teacher always______ our mistakes.

9.He______ the biggest among the apples in the basket.

10.His money soon______.

答案： 1.trying out 2.broke out 3.sold out 4.wear out 5.put out 6.went out 7.work out 8.points out 9.picked out 10.ran out

H

1.I hear a new play is going to______ tonight.

2.All the students______ the children in trouble as their relatives.

3.The CCP______ us to fight against the disaster caused by the terrible earthquake.

4.______ to your dreams and one day they may just come true.

5.The yellow dress is nice，can I______ it ______?

6.If you meet a new word，dont always ______the dictionary.

7.After having studied all the candidates (候 選人) weve______ this one.

8.Mr.Smith is______ a new book about art.

9.Dont give up，and______ working like this.

答案：1.be put on 2.look on 3.calls on 4.Hold on 5.try；on 6.depend on 7.decided on 8.working on 9.go on

I

1.Dont______ late.Its bad for your health.

2.Could you give me some money? Ive ______mine.

3.They are going to______ the sick children in hospital.

4.China will______ a new man-made satellite into space to learn more about the earth.

5.He said he would come here early，but he didnt______ until ten oclock.

6.—I dont know Marys telephone number. —You can______ it______ in the telephone book.

7.Pour the milk into the juice and______ them______.

8.Dont worry.Let me help you______ the bike.

9.You cant______ a person who is pretending to be asleep.

10.Ill______ my uncle as soon as I reach Beijing.

答案：1.stay up 2.used up 3.cheer up 4.send up 5.show up 6.look；up 7.mix；up 8.fix up 9.wake up 10.call up

J

1.Time is money.We must______ it.

2.Its good manners to______ the old on the bus or the train.

3.Mary has______ with people from the west.

4.She has______ to learn Japanese after graduation.

5.I always______ to let the baby laugh.

6.He did a part-time job in a KFC to______.

7.The boy is naughty.He often______ in class.

8.Now it is possible for us to______ on the Internet.

9.Everyone in the world______.

答案：1.make use of 2.make room for 3.made friends 4.made up her mind/made a decision 5.make faces 6.make money 7.makes trouble 8.make phone calls 9.makes mistakes.

Ⅱ.根據(jù)漢語提示，用適當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z完成句子。

1.Look，everything__________________(被 ……覆蓋) snow everywhere.

2.We have made great progress，so Mr.Wang ________________ (對(duì)……滿意) us.

3.Our headmaster told us______________ (嚴(yán)格要求) ourselves in everything.

4.He__________________ (生我的氣) me because I said dirty words.

5.Little Tom studies very hard to________ (跟上，趕上) his classmates.

6.Miss Zhao is patient and kind；she ________________(深受歡迎) us.

7.Though he didnt feel well，he________ (繼續(xù)工作) his work.

8.Im sorry.I dont____________ (同意) you.

9.There is little time left；they____________ (忙于做作業(yè)) their homework.

10.__________________(說完這些話)，the tiger jumped into the river.

11.Please ask and answer these questions ______________________(結(jié)對(duì)子)。

12.You are just__________________ (及時(shí)) for the match.

13.He is afraid to speak______________ . (在公眾場(chǎng)合)

14.We are going to have a picnic________ . (在戶外)

15.Some schools in Sichun are____________ (需要) teachers.

16.She likes to sit____________________ (在……前部) the car.

17.The rice should be harvested____________ (在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候).

18.______________ (在……初) this month， a traffic accident happened to Mary.

19.He came to school very early____________ (像平常一樣).

20.____________(至少) twenty thousand people were missing in the earthquake.

答案：1.is covered with 2.is pleased/satisfied with 3.to be strict with 4.was angry/annoyed with 5.keep/catch up with 6.is popular with 7.went on with/doing 8.agree with 9.are busy with/doing 10.With these words 11.in pairs 12.in time 13.in public/in public places 14.in the open air 15.in need of 16.in the front of 17.at the right/proper time 18.At the start/beginning of 19.as usual 20.At least

三、初中英語重點(diǎn)句型歸納

1.Its time for sb to do sth.是某人做某事的時(shí)候了。

2.Its + adj.+ for sb to do sth.做某事對(duì)某人而言……

3.How far is it from A to B? 從甲地到乙地有多遠(yuǎn)?

4.It takes sb.some time to do sth.做某事花了某人多長時(shí)間。

5.Thank sb.for doing sth.謝謝某人做了某事。

6.How many + n.(pl) + does + sb.need? 某人需要多少……?

7.Could you please (not) do ...? 請(qǐng)問您能(不)……嗎?

8.Why dont you do sth? (= Why not do sth?) 你為何不做某事?

9.There is/are going to be .../There will be ...__將有……

10.So + 主語 + 助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞。 某人確實(shí)是這樣。

11.So + 助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞 + 主語。某人也一樣。

12.Sb.has been to some place.某人曾去過某地。

13.What would you do if you had a million dollars?__如果你有一百萬美元，你會(huì)做什么?

14.I would rather do sth.than do sth.我寧愿做……也不愿做……

15.I prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.比起做某事來說，我更愿意做……

16.Sth.must be ones.某物肯定是某人的。

17.Sth.belongs to sb.某物屬于某人。

18.Sb.has trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.某人做某事有困難。

19.Sb.has a chance/an opportunity to do/of doing sth.某人有機(jī)會(huì)做某事。

20.What +a/an + adj.+ n.+ 主語 + 謂語 +! 一位多么……的……!

21.How + adj./adv.+主語+謂語+! ……是多么地……!

22.Whats the matter/trouble/wrong with you? 你怎么了?

23.Would you mind (not) doing sth.? 你介意(不)做某事嗎?

24.It seems that ...__似乎……

25.By the time I got there，the train had already left.在我到那兒時(shí)，火車已經(jīng)離開了。

26.Could you tell me where the rest rooms are? 你能告訴我公共廁所在哪兒嗎?

27.He is so young that he cant look after himself.他太小了，不能夠照顧自己。

28.She isnt old enough to go to school.她還不到上學(xué)的年紀(jì)。

29.主語 + see/hear/watch/notice/feel sb.do/doing sth.……看見/聽見/觀察/注意到/感覺到某人做/正在做某事

30.You used to play football，didnt you? 你以前常踢足球，是嗎?

31.Sb.should be allowed to do sth.應(yīng)該允許某人做某事。

32.If I were you，Id take a small present.__如果我是你，我將帶一件小禮物。

33.What if I dont know anyone? 如果我一個(gè)人也不認(rèn)識(shí)，該怎么辦?

34.What do you think I should tell her? 你認(rèn)為我應(yīng)該告訴她什么?

35.I like music that I can dance to.我喜歡我能隨其節(jié)奏跳舞的音樂。

36.Sb.is supposed to do sth.某人應(yīng)該做某事。

37.Sb.is made to do sth.某人被迫做某事。

【即時(shí)練習(xí)】

用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1.Its impossible for me______ (finish) the work in such a short time.

2.How many______ (sheep) are there on your farm?

3.There______ (be) a new movie at the Town Theatre.

4.What would you buy if you______ (win) the lottery?

5.She prefers______ (watch) TV to______ (play) football on the playground.

6.That new book must be______ (her)， ______(be not) it?

7.Do you have trouble______ (work) out the math problem?

8.Would you mind______ (help) me repair the TV set?

9.Listen! Can you hear Wei Hua______ (sing) an English song?

10.If I______ (be) your teacher，I______ (ask) you not to copy others homework.

11.Could you please______ (not sweep) the floor now? We are having lunch.

12.By the time I______ (enter) the classroom， the class______ (begin).

13.You are not supposed______ (talk) loudly in class.

14.Linda has a chance of______ (do) volunteer work in Sichuan.

15.What if nobody______ (come) to the party?

16.Tom always makes trouble，so he is often made______ (stand) in class.

17.How______ (wonder) that girl is singing!

18.Im sorry I didnt take enough money ______ (buy) those books.

19.They used______ (come) late to school， but now they get to school on time.

20.Liu Hunan preferred______ (die) rather than______ (give) in.

答案：1.to finish 2.sheep 3.is going to be/will be 4.won 5.watching；playing 6.hers；isnt 7.working 8.helping 9.singing 10.were；would ask 11.not sweep 12.entered；had begun 13.to talk 14.doing 15.comes 16.to stand 17.wonderfully 18.to buy 19.to come 20.to die；give ★