假考非謂語動詞、實考謂語動詞

龍　敏

非謂語動詞是高考英語中的必考重點內(nèi)容，同學們在平時的練習中也做了大量的非謂語動詞練習，久而久之，同學們?nèi)菀鬃躺季S定勢，把一些實際上是考查謂語動詞的試題也誤選為非謂語動詞。下面筆者把高考試題中容易誤選為非謂語動詞但實考謂語動詞的類型做個小結，以期對同學們的學習有所幫助。

類型一：祈使句中的謂語動詞

祈使句是省略了主語的一類句子。認清祈使句也是破解選擇謂語的重要手段之一。因此，一定要掌握標志性的連詞and，or，otherwise及破折號、逗號和冒號的功能。

例1.Mary，______ here—everybody else，stay where you are.(2006全國卷I)

A.come B.comes

C.to come D.coming

解析：從后面的破折號可知，破折號前后是并列分句。Mary之后有逗號，可見不是主語，而是呼語。第一分句是帶上了呼語的祈使句，故用動詞原形作謂語。答案為A。

例2.There are 8 tips in Dr.Rogers lecture on sleep，and one of them：______ to bed early unless you think it is necessary.(2004 重慶卷)

A.doesnt go B.not to go

C.not going D.dont go

解析：從句中連詞and及標點符號冒號可知，空格處為祈使句。如果此句不是冒號，而是is，則答案為非謂語動詞作表語。本題正確答案為D。

類型二：并列句中謂語動詞

一個句中通常不能出現(xiàn)兩個(或以上)的謂語動詞，但是如果句中有連詞and，or，but，so等，則可以有并列謂語。

例3： At last，we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and______ down to eat our picnic lunch.

(2005上海卷)

A.sitting B.having sat

C.to sit D.sat

解析：答案選 D。由句中的 and 可知，此句為并列結構，空格處填 sat，與其前的謂語動詞 found 并列。

例4.______ straight on and youll see a church.You wont miss it.(2004 湖北卷)

A.Go B.Going

C.If you go D.When going

解析：從句中“and youll see”的暗示可知，前一分句為祈使句，答案選A。

類型三：對話答語中省略主語的謂語動詞

在會話中，答語者往往為了突出要表達的主要詞語而常常會省略次要的或與前面重復的詞語。有一部分考題正是以對話形式出現(xiàn)，在答語中設置空缺。其解題方法是：把答語帶入到問語中，如果是對問語的某一部分進行回答或是整個答語的某一部分，則用非謂語動詞；而如果根據(jù)語境另外出現(xiàn)了一個新句子，只是省略了主語的則要用謂語動詞。

例5.—I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend.

—______good.(2006 湖北卷)

A.Sound B.Sounded

C.Sounding D.Sounds

解析：根據(jù)語境，答語應該是：It (that we can go skiing on the weekend) sounds good，這是一個省略了主語的答語，應選謂語動詞。答案選D。

例6.—What should I do with this passage?

—______the main idea of each paragraph.(2005 重慶卷)

A.Finding out B.Found out

C.Find out D.To find out

解析：答案選 C。此題是 You should find out ...的省略。

類型四：句中帶有插入語的謂語動詞

該類題的設題特點是主語和謂語之間插入其他成分或句子來迷惑考生而誤選非謂語動詞。

例7.The country life he was used to____greatly since 1992.(2005 山東卷)

A.change B.has changed

C.changing D.have changed

解析：此題容易受插入的定語從句的影響而誤選C，但是仔細分析句子結構后可知此題是(that) he was used to作定語，修飾先行詞The country life。而主句缺謂語，所以該排除選項C。又因為時間狀語since 1992可知時態(tài)該用現(xiàn)在完成時；再加上主語是The country life，所以本題正確答案為B。

例8.Professor Smith，along with his assistants，______ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.(2005 上海卷)

A.work B.working

C.is working D.are working

解析：通過分析句子的成分可知along with his assistant為插入語。本題缺少謂語動詞，所以先排除非謂語動詞選項B。 又從題意“他們正日以繼日的工作”可知時態(tài)該用現(xiàn)在進行時；又因為主語是Professor Smith，所以答案C為正確選項。

【鞏固練習】

1.______ the website of the Fire Department in your city，and you will learn a lot about firefighting.

A.Having searched B.To search

C.Searching D.Search

2.______ him enough time to get home before you telephone.

A.Give B.To give

C.Giving D.Given

3.To test eggs，______ them in a bowl of water： if they float，theyre bad；if they sink，theyre good.

A.put B.putting

C.to put D.to be putting

4.Ive never seen anyone run so fast—______David go.

A.just watch

B.just to watch

C.just watching

D.just having watched

5.Stanley，______ hello to your nephew.

A.come and say B.comes and says

C.to come and say D.coming and saying

6.Dont stand out there in the cold—______in here and get warm.

A.come B.comes

C.to come D.coming

7.Before you send the letter，______ with Bill to see if the address is right.

A.check B.to check

C.checking D.checked

8.If they dont understand it the first time， ______over it again until they do.

A.go B.to go

C.going D.to be going

9.If youre going on a long car journey， ______sure the vehicles are in good condition.

A.making B.to make

C.make D.having made

10.______ your hand over your mouth when you cough.

A.Put B.Putting

C.To put D.To be putting

11.______ the road along and youll find his house on the right.

A.Follow B.Following

C.To be following D.Having followed

12.Hoping he would not be seen，Bob rushed in，______ his book and rushed out.

A.picking up B.pick up

C.to pick up D.picked up

13.______ right away or youll miss the first train.

A.Start out B.Starting out

C.To start out D.Started out

14.______ good care of the vegetables so that they can remain fresh.

A.Take B.Taken

C.Having taken D.Taking

15.______ from the top of the building，and youll find the city more beautiful.

A.Look B.To look

C.Looking D.Looked

16.______ some of this juice—perhaps youll like it.

A.Trying B.Try

C.To try D.Having tried

17.Dont be discouraged.______ things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.

A.Taking B.To take

C.Take D.Taken

18.______，so she had to be sent to the hospital.

A.Being ill

B.Her mother was ill

C.Her mother being ill

D.Having been ill

19.______ many times，but he still didnt understand it.

A.Having been told

B.Though he was told

C.To have been told

D.He was told

20.First______ the rice by washing it，then ______ it in boiling water.

A.prepare；cook B.preparing；cooking

C.preparing；cook D.prepare；cooking

21.She cycled too fast round the corner， ______ her balance and______ off.

A.losing；falling B.lost；fell

C.losing；fell D.lost；falling

22.She set out soon after dark______ home an hour later.

A.arriving B.to arrive

C.having arrived D.and arrived

23.______ along the quiet road at forty miles an hour，and then an old man suddenly started to cross the road in front of me.

A.Driving

B.I was driving

C.Having driven

D.When I was driving

24.______ money if you can and many poor children in the poor mountainous areas will be able to go back to school.

A.Having given B.Given

C.To give D.Give

25.—Id like to take a weeks holiday. —______it.Were just too busy.

A.Forget B.Forgetting

C.Forgets D.Forgot

26.—Then lets have fish，beef with ____ tomatoes and a soup.OK? —______nice.

A.Sound B.Sounded

C.Sounding D.Sounds

27.—Each of the students，working hard at ____ his or her lessons，______ to go to ____ university. —So do I.

A.hope B.hopes

C.hoping D.hoped

28.The girl______ forward to buying a new diamond ring.

A.referred to looks

B.refers to looking

C.referred to looking

D.referring to look

29.—We havent heard from Jane for a long ____time. —What do you suppose______ to her?

A.was happening B.to happen

C.has happened D.having happened

30.The day we had looked forward to______ at last.

A.coming B.come

C.came D.comes

參考答案：

1-5 DAAAA 6-10 AAACA

11-15 ADAAA 16-20 BCBDA

21-25 BDBDA 26-30 DBCCC ★