以２００８年高考全國卷Ⅰ和湖北卷為例探秘完形

馮珍妮

縱觀2008年全國18套英語高考試題，與往年一樣，精彩紛呈，美不勝收。所有試卷在選拔人才的功能上體現(xiàn)了公平公正和科學(xué)性，體現(xiàn)了對中國英語教與學(xué)的啟發(fā)和指導(dǎo)作用。

全國18套試卷完形填空的選材原則、命題規(guī)律是統(tǒng)一的，只是因文章不同，設(shè)題的具體要求有細節(jié)上的差異。

多年來高考完形填空的文體絕大部分是記敘文及夾敘夾議文，極少為議論文和說明文?？疾榈闹攸c詞性是動詞，其次是形容詞、副詞、名詞，完形除了考查考生的邏輯思維以外，還考查對詞匯的準確地道的運用。考生對詞匯的選擇體現(xiàn)了對文章的靈魂、文章經(jīng)典地道的用詞、文章的人文價值、育人價值、審美價值是否能心領(lǐng)神會。如果考生在詞匯選擇上是高手，那他就能在宏觀上把握創(chuàng)作者的精神，在細節(jié)上連貫地把握創(chuàng)作者的創(chuàng)作目的、道德導(dǎo)向和典型文風(fēng)以及命題人的慎密的用意。這時他簡直就是在與創(chuàng)作者以及命題人進行智慧與價值觀的對弈，從貌似對立中實現(xiàn)統(tǒng)一。

因篇幅限制，本文特以湖北卷作為研究的實例。

2008年高考真題湖北卷：

On a warm Monday，Jenny Neilson bought a sandwich and parked her car under some trees.Rolling down the windows to__41__in fresh air，she settled back to enjoy her lunch.Suddenly she__42__a big bald(禿頂?shù)?man running through the parking lot.Before she came to__43__what would happen，the man was there，shouting through her window，“Get out!”

Neilson__44__.

Pulling open her door，the man seized her__45__the neck and hair，and threw her out of the car onto the ground.She screamed，__46__her purse and the keys.

Two reporters of the local newspaper，Robert Bruce and Jeff Jackson，just outside their office building on a__47__，heard the screams and began running.

When they__48__Neilsons car，the attacker had jumped into the drivers seat and was__49__searching for the keys.Bruce opened the door，and he and Jackson dragged the man out.The attacker__50__back.But even in his cornered panic，he was no__51__for the two athletic men.

Reggie Miller，a worker of the local newspaper，heard the screams，too.He rushed back to the office to__52__the police，and then ran back with some plastic ropes—used to tie up newspapers.

With his arms__53__tight behind him，the prisoner looked up and said__54__，“I hope you guys feel good about yourselves—you just caught one of the most wanted men.” They__55__him and waited for the police.

Later，Bruce and Jackson were shocked to learn the man was the__56__carjacker(劫車者) and suspected murderer，whose__57__—but with a full head of hair—had been recently printed in their own newspaper.

Neilson considers herself lucky__58__she suffered injuries.She believes the story might have had a__59__ending if those good people had not come to her aid.“Unfortunately，” she said，“many people would__60__have done what they did，and that is the real truth.”

41.A.bring B.let

C.gather D.send

42.A.recognized B.watched

C.noticed D.met

43.A.realize B.understand

C.imagine D.conclude

44.A.escaped B.struggled

C.refused D.obeyed

45.A.by B.around

C.with D.on

46.A.burying B.forgetting

C.offering D.grabbing

47.A.trip B.visit

C.break D.holiday

48.A.started B.stopped

C.entered D.reached

49.A.carefully B.madly

C.disappointedly D.patiently

50.A.fought B.turned

C.jumped D.shouted

51.A.match B.target

C.equal D.companion

52.A.remind B.phone

C.invite D.beg

53.A.rolled B.folded

C.bent D.tied

54.A.angrily B.kindly

C.coldly D.warmly

55.A.caught B.thanked

C.comforted D.ignored

56.A.ordinary B.professional

C.honest D.outstanding

57.A.picture B.background

C.character D.story

58.A.and B.but

C.though D.when

59.A.ridiculous B.similar

C.strange D.different

60.A.sometimes B.never

C.often D.forever

全文20個設(shè)空中，考查了動詞10個，名詞3個，副詞3個，形容詞2個，連詞1個，介詞1個。

41.B。今年的完形不僅考查上下文的嚴密邏輯，還加入了對一些高級詞組的固定形式的考查，也就是說，考生即使知道這里的邏輯即“讓新鮮空氣進來”，也未必能選對答案，因為考生對let in fresh air 這一來自詞典和教材的不起眼的一個略顯怪相的固定詞組不一定熟悉。所以就想bring in 會不會還好一些呢?這樣一想就可能選錯答案。

45.A。這一空的考查也不僅僅是考查上下文的邏輯推理，但推理又是不可缺的，也就是說即使你能推斷出上下文的邏輯關(guān)系“歹徒抓住她的脖子和頭發(fā)”，它也不是選對正確選項的充要條件，還必須知道抓住某人身體的某個部位的英語固定形式是：seize sb.by + 身體的某部位。

51.A。Collins 詞典上解釋： If one person or thing is no match for another，they are unable to compete successfully with the other person or thing.no match for在課文中沒有出現(xiàn)過，在高考備考的練習(xí)中出現(xiàn)率也極低，甚至對一些考生可能是學(xué)習(xí)的盲點。因為這里match 作為名詞的基本意思“對手；敵手；般配”在教材上已經(jīng)提供了，考生是應(yīng)該知道的。在本空還考查了學(xué)生的語言直覺。C選項雖是干擾項，其暗藏的玄機令人暗暗吃驚。因為它在此處是名詞詞性，意思是“地位平等的人”。對equal詞性和含義了解不全面的人會誤以為出題人不謹慎而選錯答案。

55.D。Collins 詞典解釋：If you ignore someone or something，you pay no attention to them.例句： She said her husband ignored her.所以此空考查該詞的準確地道的表達。這里可以翻譯成：懶得理睬他。

60.B。Many people would__60__have done what they did，and that is the real truth.這一句體現(xiàn)了完形在文末進行理性升華，實現(xiàn)文章的育人功能的特點。而賓語從句what they did 是地道的英語，它通過時態(tài)的變化讓they所指的人物無可置疑的明晰化。再加上Many people would never have done，結(jié)合在一起，得知they 絕非many people，而是見義勇為的兩名記者。這樣才能選對 never!命題人的匠心蘊藏頗深啊!★