[摘要]目的:研究黑皮素-1受體(melanocortin-1 receptor, MC-1R)在增生性瘢痕組織中的表達(dá)和分布特點(diǎn),探討它與增生性瘢痕形成的關(guān)系。方法:利用兔抗人MC-1R抗體進(jìn)行免疫組織化學(xué)染色,并測定8例增生性瘢痕,8例表淺性瘢痕和16例同體的正常皮膚標(biāo)本切片染色后的平均灰度值,分別檢測MC-1R在上述不同組織中表達(dá)的差異。結(jié)果:在正常皮膚、表淺瘢痕和增生性瘢痕中,MC-1R免疫陽性產(chǎn)物呈棕黃色顆粒狀,主要分布于表皮基底層細(xì)胞胞漿中。在增生性瘢痕組織中,MC-1R灰度值(159.2±5.5)明顯高于正常皮膚(134.7±5.9)和表淺性瘢痕(135.9±9.3),差異顯著(P<0.01)。而后兩者無明顯差異(P>0.05)。結(jié)論:增生性瘢痕的形成可能與 MC-1R在增生性瘢痕組織中表達(dá)明顯減少,由其介導(dǎo)的α-黑色素細(xì)胞刺激素(α-melanocyte stimulating hormone,α-MSH)對(duì)膠原蛋白的代謝和細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)沉積的調(diào)節(jié)作用減弱有關(guān)。
[關(guān)鍵詞]瘢痕;增生性;黑皮素-1受體
[中圖分類號(hào)]Q813.1[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼]A[文章編號(hào)]1008-6455(2007)09-1178-03
The study of expression and distribution of melanocortin-1 receptor in hypertrophic scar
CHENG Yong, LONG Jian-hong
(Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery,the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou,Chenzhou 423000,Hunan,China)
Abstract:Objective To observe the expression and the distribution of melanocortin-1 receptor (MC-1R) in hypertrophic scar and then identifying the relationship between MC-1R and formation of hypertrophic scar.MethodsBioptic samples were taken from 8 cases of hypertrophic scar, 8 cases of superficial scar and 16 cases of controlled normal self-skin.MC-1R immunohistochemistry staining and its grey scale were examined in each sample.ResultsIn normal skin, superficial scar and hypertrophic scar, MC-1R immune positive material was yellow-brown granule, mainly distributed in plasma in basal lamina of epidermal. semi quantitative diction showed that the mean of MC-1R grey scale in hypertrophic scar(159.2±5.5) was significantly higher than that of normal skin(134.7±5.9)and superficial scar(135.9±9.3), respectively(P<0.01). But, there was no significant deference between normal skin and superficial scar. ConclusionOur result suggested that the formation of hypertrophic scar was possibly relative to the decrease in expression of MC-1R in hypertrophic scar and then the regulation of α-MSH by MC-1R in the sediment of extracellular matrix.
Key words: cicatrix; hypertrophic; receptor melanocortin type 1
瘢痕是組織損傷后修復(fù)的必然結(jié)果。在修復(fù)過程中,由于全身和∕或局部因素的影響,常可導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)過度沉積而形成增生性瘢痕或瘢痕疙瘩。α-黑素細(xì)胞刺激素是一種來源豐富的多肽類激素,可在皮膚多種細(xì)胞內(nèi)生成并參與多種代謝平衡的調(diào)節(jié)[1-2]。黑皮素-1受體是廣泛分布于皮膚等多種組織中的一種α-MSH受體,α-MSH與MC-1R結(jié)合可誘導(dǎo)多種細(xì)胞效應(yīng)使細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)沉積減少。本實(shí)驗(yàn)以增生性瘢痕,表淺性瘢痕及同體的正常皮膚為研究對(duì)象,采用免疫組織化學(xué)方法(SABC法),檢測標(biāo)本中MC-1R表達(dá)的差異,探討增生性瘢痕的形成與MC-1R的關(guān)系。
1材料和方法
1.1 材料
1.1.1主要試劑:兔抗人MC-1R抗體(美國ALPHA Diagnostic公司產(chǎn)品)SABC試劑盒(美國Sigma公司產(chǎn)品)
1.1.2 組織標(biāo)本:所有實(shí)驗(yàn)標(biāo)本均取自我科住院病人,并預(yù)先征得病人同意。選取對(duì)照組皮膚來自瘢痕相鄰或色澤無明顯差異部位標(biāo)本進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),排除因不同部位黑色素細(xì)胞含量不同對(duì)檢測結(jié)果的影響。標(biāo)本中增生性瘢痕8例(病程1~3年),表淺性瘢痕8例(病程1~2年),同體正常皮膚16例,其中男性10例,女性6例,年齡2~46歲。所取標(biāo)本均置4%多聚甲醛溶液中保存。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 切片制作:常規(guī)恒溫冰凍切片機(jī)冷凍切片,厚10μm。
1.2.2 MC-1R免疫組織化學(xué)染色:常規(guī)貼片后過氧化氫溶液(H2O2)處理10min,抗原修復(fù)液處理5min,正常山羊血清封閉60min后直接加入1:200MC-1R抗體處理120min,滴加生物素化山羊抗兔IgG30min,滴加SABC試劑30min,DAB/H2O2顯色10~15min,以上各步間均用0.01mol/L磷酸緩沖液洗片。脫水、透明、封片。陰性對(duì)照組用正常山羊血清代替MC-1R抗體反應(yīng)。所有反應(yīng)均在室溫下進(jìn)行。
1.2.3 光學(xué)顯微鏡觀察:選擇同組正常皮膚和表淺性瘢痕、增生瘢痕于相同光照強(qiáng)度下分別以低倍鏡,高倍鏡依次觀察表皮、表皮下結(jié)締組織中MC-1R的分布情況。
1.2.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)分析:隨機(jī)從每組切片中抽取三張切片,用同濟(jì)醫(yī)科大學(xué)研制的HPIAS-1000彩色病理圖文分析系統(tǒng)半定量測定其灰度值(灰度值越小表示染色越深,MC-1R表達(dá)越強(qiáng))。采用單因素方差分析法,分析每組標(biāo)本均數(shù)間差異。
2結(jié)果
MC-1R在正常皮膚組、表淺瘢痕組和增生瘢痕組中僅在表皮基底層表達(dá),免疫組化陽性產(chǎn)物呈棕黃色顆粒和斑片狀分布,以細(xì)胞內(nèi)為主(見圖1,圖中棕黃色顆粒分布處為MC-1R表達(dá)陽性部位),且不同取材部位的同組標(biāo)本在MC-1R的表達(dá)上未見有顯著性差異。通過對(duì)三組標(biāo)本灰度值的測定,增生性瘢痕中的表達(dá)明顯低于正常皮膚和表淺性瘢痕,而后二者無明顯差異(見表1)。
3討論
增生性瘢痕是傷口上皮愈合后成纖維細(xì)胞繼續(xù)旺盛增殖并分泌細(xì)胞外基質(zhì),其中主要的膠原蛋白合成代謝明顯超過降解代謝,導(dǎo)致膠原的大量堆積,而形成的異常病理組織[3]。α-MSH可在垂體及表皮內(nèi)角質(zhì)形成細(xì)胞,黑素細(xì)胞和朗格漢斯細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生,其中角質(zhì)形成細(xì)胞是合成α-MSH的主要細(xì)胞,但在黑素細(xì)胞中α-MSH濃度最高[1]。α-MSH在體外可使人成纖維細(xì)胞生成的IL-8明顯增加,而IL-8可抑制膠原蛋白的合成[4-5]。最新的研究證實(shí)α-MSH通過與在體外培養(yǎng)的人皮膚成纖維細(xì)胞MC-1R結(jié)合,可直接同時(shí)抑制膠原蛋白Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅴ的合成,并能下調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)存在時(shí)成纖維細(xì)胞前膠原蛋白ⅠC端肽(procollagen type Ⅰ C-terminal peptide,PICP)的分泌[6]。在體內(nèi),α-MSH可減緩TGF-β誘導(dǎo)的纖維化。TGF-β是強(qiáng)有力的促細(xì)胞分裂劑,能誘導(dǎo)新生基質(zhì)蛋白的生成,還可減少蛋白酶的分泌,增加細(xì)胞基質(zhì)的沉積,并抑制其降解[7]。α-MSH自身具有增加人成纖維細(xì)胞組織間質(zhì)膠原酶活性,在mRNA水平增加人成纖維細(xì)胞基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶(matrix metal proteins, MMPs)和其合成酶活性作用, 而人成纖維細(xì)胞組織間質(zhì)膠原酶和基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶是分解細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)重要的蛋白酶[8]??梢姦?MSH在防止細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)過度沉積方面起著重要的調(diào)節(jié)作用[2]。黑皮素受體(MCR)是一種具有7個(gè)跨膜區(qū)的G蛋白偶聯(lián)受體。已知體內(nèi)有5種MCR,其中MC-1R廣泛分布于多種組織。皮膚組織中,MC-1R在黑色素細(xì)胞、角朊細(xì)胞、成纖維細(xì)胞等幾乎所有類型的細(xì)胞皆有表達(dá)[9-10]。研究表明MC-1R是α-MSH的專一性受體,成纖維細(xì)胞只表達(dá)MCR家族中的MC-1R,α-MSH與其結(jié)合才能誘導(dǎo)出諸如上述促進(jìn)人成纖維細(xì)胞分泌IL-8并同時(shí)減少膠原蛋白Ⅰ和Ⅲ的沉積等這些生物效應(yīng)[11]。
本實(shí)驗(yàn)顯示MC-1R在增生性瘢痕,表淺性瘢痕及正常皮膚皆有表達(dá)。而且MC-1R在增生性瘢痕中表達(dá)明顯低于表淺性瘢痕和正常皮膚,后兩者表達(dá)無明顯差異。在增生性瘢痕形成過程中,可能由于某些因素導(dǎo)致了成纖維細(xì)胞等靶細(xì)胞MC-1R表達(dá)下降,能與α-MSH結(jié)合的MC-1R減少,從而導(dǎo)致成纖維細(xì)胞IL-8分泌減少,α-MSH抑制膠原蛋白Ⅰ和Ⅲ生成等生物效應(yīng)減弱,膠原蛋白等細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)合成和降解代謝平衡被打破,細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)過度沉積,瘢痕增生;反之,在表淺性瘢痕形成過程中,MC-1R的表達(dá)正常,α-MSH與其結(jié)合對(duì)細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)沉積的調(diào)節(jié)作用亦正常,細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)不會(huì)過度沉積形成瘢痕增生。然而,其具體的機(jī)制還有待進(jìn)一步研究。
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[收稿日期]2007-05-09[修回日期]2007-08-22
編輯/張惠娟
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