[摘要] 目的 探討血小板與血紅蛋白比值(platelet to hemoglobin ratio,PHR)、淋巴細(xì)胞與單核細(xì)胞比值(lymphocyte to monocyte ratio,LMR)、載脂蛋白A1(apolipoprotein A1,ApoA1)在乳腺癌患者中的診斷價(jià)值。方法 選取2022年1月至2023年10月于廣西醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院診治的乳腺癌患者250例納入乳腺癌組,同期于醫(yī)院健康體檢中心體檢的健康女性192名納入對(duì)照組。分析PHR、LMR和ApoA1與乳腺癌組織病理學(xué)類型、分子亞型、腫瘤分級(jí)、分期、腫瘤大小和淋巴轉(zhuǎn)移的相關(guān)性。繪制受試者操作特征曲線(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲線)分析ApoA1、PHR和LMR單獨(dú)及聯(lián)合檢測(cè)乳腺癌的診斷價(jià)值。結(jié)果 乳腺癌組患者的外周血PHR顯著高于對(duì)照組(Plt;0.001),LMR和ApoA1均顯著低于對(duì)照組(Plt;0.001)。Pearson卡方檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,外周血PHR與腫瘤大小顯著相關(guān)(χ2=6.870,Plt;0.05),而LMR、ApoA1與乳腺癌病理特征之間的相關(guān)性不明顯。ROC曲線分析顯示,外周血PHR、LMR和ApoA1單獨(dú)診斷乳腺癌的曲線下面積(area under the curve,AUC)分別為0.665、0.645、0.733,最佳臨界值分別為2.01、5.34和1.335g/L。三個(gè)指標(biāo)聯(lián)合診斷的AUC為0.794,敏感度為79.2%,特異性為67.2%。結(jié)論 外周血PHR、LMR和ApoA1檢測(cè)均可作為乳腺癌輔助診斷的潛在指標(biāo),三者聯(lián)合的診斷價(jià)值較高。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 乳腺癌;血小板與血紅蛋白比值;淋巴細(xì)胞與單核細(xì)胞比值;載脂蛋白A1
[中圖分類號(hào)] R446.1" """"[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A """""[DOI] 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9701.2025.19.006
The value of PHR, LMR and ApoA1 detection in the diagnosis of breast cancer
GUO Ling1,2, LI Taijie2, WANG Jian1
1.Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China; 2.Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530199, Guangxi, China
[Abstract] Objective To explore the diagnostic value of platelet to hemoglobin ratio (PHR), lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR), and apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) in patients with breast cancer. Methods A total of 250 breast cancer patients diagnosed and treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2022 to October 2023 were selected and included in breast cancer group, and 192 healthy women who underwent physical examinations at the hospital’s health examination center during the same period were included in control group. To analyze the correlations between PHR, LMR and ApoA1 and the histopathological type, molecular subtype, tumor grade, stage, tumor size and lymphatic metastasis of breast cancer. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to analyze the diagnostic value of ApoA1, PHR and LMR alone and combination in the detection of breast cancer. Results The peripheral blood PHR of patients in breast cancer group was significantly higher than that in control group (Plt;0.001), while LMR and ApoA1 were significantly lower than those in control group (Plt;0.001). The Pearson chi-square test results showed that peripheral blood PHR was significantly correlated with tumor size (χ2=6.870,Plt;0.05), while the correlations between LMR, ApoA1 and pathological features of breast cancer were not obvious. The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for the single diagnosis of breast cancer using peripheral blood PHR, LMR and ApoA1 were 0.665, 0.645 and 0.733 respectively, and the optimal cut-off values were 2.01, 5.34 and 1.335g/L. The AUC obtained by using the three indicators together was 0.794, with a sensitivity of 79.2% and a specificity of 67.2%. Conclusion Peripheral blood PHR, LMR and ApoA1 tests can all serve as potential indicators for the auxiliary diagnosis of breast cancer, and the combined use of these three tests has a relatively high diagnostic value.
[Key words] Breast cancer; Platelet to hemoglobin ratio; Lymphocyte to monocyte ratio; Apolipoprotein A1
乳腺癌是全球最常見的女性惡性腫瘤,中國占全球乳腺癌確診病例的12.2%,占乳腺癌死亡病例的9.6%[1]。目前臨床上常用的乳腺癌診斷方法有乳腺鉬靶、超聲、磁共振成像、穿刺活檢等[2]。盡管這些方法在乳腺癌診斷中發(fā)揮重要作用,但仍有一定的局限性。組織學(xué)檢查創(chuàng)傷大,給患者帶來痛苦和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[3]。近年來,生物標(biāo)志物在乳腺癌診斷和預(yù)后評(píng)估中的作用受到廣泛關(guān)注[4-5]。外周血血小板與血紅蛋白比值(platelet to hemoglobin ratio,PHR)可反映炎癥和免疫反應(yīng)狀態(tài)[6]。PHR是一種用于評(píng)估自身免疫病活性和嚴(yán)重程度的新興生物標(biāo)志物。研究表明高PHR的癌癥患者預(yù)后較差,且與心力衰竭等疾病的預(yù)后有關(guān)[7-9]。淋巴細(xì)胞與單核細(xì)胞比值(lymphocyte to monocyte ratio,LMR)可反映機(jī)體的炎癥狀態(tài)和內(nèi)分泌失調(diào)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)乳腺癌復(fù)發(fā)患者的LMR明顯降低且預(yù)后較差,可能與乳腺癌細(xì)胞的增殖和侵襲能力有關(guān)[10]。Meta分析證實(shí)術(shù)前LMR與乳腺癌診斷的相關(guān)性[11]。研究表明載脂蛋白A1(apolipoprotein A1,ApoA1)和ApoA1-AF7p的嵌合蛋白可增強(qiáng)納米微粒對(duì)MDA-MB-231乳腺癌細(xì)胞的靶向能力[12-13]。本研究擬探討PHR、LMR、ApoA1檢測(cè)在乳腺癌診斷中的價(jià)值,為臨床提供參考。
1" 資料與方法
1.1" 研究對(duì)象
選取2022年1月至2023年10月于廣西醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院診治的乳腺癌患者250例納入乳腺癌組。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):術(shù)前確診為乳腺惡性腫瘤;術(shù)前血液學(xué)指標(biāo)齊備。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):患有高脂血癥、肝炎、血液病、自身免疫病或其他癌癥:男性乳腺癌。另選取同期于醫(yī)院健康體檢中心體檢的健康女性192名納入對(duì)照組。兩組研究對(duì)象的年齡比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Pgt;0.05)。本研究經(jīng)廣西醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)(倫理審批號(hào):2025-E320-19)。
1.2" 數(shù)據(jù)收集
收集兩組研究對(duì)象的首次化驗(yàn)結(jié)果,包括血紅蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)、血小板(platelet,PLT)、外周血淋巴細(xì)胞絕對(duì)計(jì)數(shù)、外周血單核細(xì)胞絕對(duì)計(jì)數(shù)和ApoA1。根據(jù)2015年修訂的圣加侖國際專家共識(shí)[14]確定乳腺癌的免疫組織化學(xué)分子亞型:Luminal A型[雌激素受體(estrogen receptor,ER)+、孕激素受體(progesterone receptor,PR)≥20%、Ki-67lt;20%和人類表皮生長因子受體2(human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,HER2)–]、Luminal B型(ER+、HER2–、Ki-67≥20%、PR–或lt;20%;ER+、HER2+、任何Ki-67、任何PR)、HER2過表達(dá)型(ER–、PR–、HER2+)和三陰性型(ER–、PR–和HER2–)。
1.3" 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
使用SPSS 27.0軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。符合正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(")表示,比較采用t檢驗(yàn),不符合正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料以中位數(shù)(四分位數(shù)間距)[M(Q1,Q3)]表示,比較采用秩和檢驗(yàn)。計(jì)數(shù)資料以例數(shù)(百分率)[n(%)]表示,比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。分類變量之間的相關(guān)性采用Pearson卡方檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行評(píng)估,繪制受試者操作特征曲線(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲線)分析ApoA1、PHR和LMR對(duì)乳腺癌的診斷性能。Plt;0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2" 結(jié)果
2.1" 乳腺癌患者的病理特征
乳腺癌組患者年齡40歲以上194例,40歲及以下56例;腫瘤位置左側(cè)119例,右側(cè)131例;Luminal A型70例,Luminal B型103例,HER2過表達(dá)型52例,三陰性型25例;SBR分級(jí):1級(jí)14例,2級(jí)188例,3級(jí)48例;TMN分期:Ⅰ期64例,Ⅱ期128例,Ⅲ期52例,Ⅳ期6例。
2.2" 指標(biāo)臨界值的確定
根據(jù)外周血細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)計(jì)算PHR和LMR,統(tǒng)計(jì)ApoA1結(jié)果,按75%百分位數(shù)確定臨界值;PHR≤2.64為低,gt;2.64為高;LMR≤5.27為低,gt;5.27為高,ApoA1≤1.42g/L為低,gt;1.42g/L為高,見表1。
2.3" 兩組研究對(duì)象的PHR、LMR、ApoA1比較
乳腺癌組患者的外周血PHR顯著高于對(duì)照組(Plt;0.001),LMR和ApoA1均顯著低于對(duì)照組(Plt;0.001),見表2。
2.4" PHR、LMR和ApoA1與臨床特征的相關(guān)性
Pearson卡方檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,外周血PHR與腫瘤大小顯著相關(guān)(χ2=6.870,Plt;0.05),提示外周血PHR在評(píng)估乳腺腫瘤大小方面具有潛在的臨床價(jià)值。然而,LMR和ApoA1與乳腺癌的病理特征之間未發(fā)現(xiàn)明顯相關(guān)性,見表3。
2.5" PHR、LMR和ApoA1對(duì)乳腺癌的診斷效能
二元Logistic回歸結(jié)果顯示,PHR對(duì)乳腺癌的診斷有正向影響,LMR和ApoA1對(duì)乳腺癌的診斷 有負(fù)向影響(Plt;0.05),見表4。ROC曲線結(jié)果顯示,外周血PHR、LMR和ApoA1單獨(dú)診斷乳腺癌的曲線下面積(area under the curve,AUC)分別為0.665、0.645、0.733,最佳臨界值分別為2.01、5.34和1.335g/L。三項(xiàng)指標(biāo)聯(lián)合診斷的AUC為0.794,敏感度為79.2%,特異性為67.2%,見表5、圖1。
3" 討論
早期乳腺癌被認(rèn)為是一種潛在的可治愈疾病,其治療方案也取得重大進(jìn)展,但仍有20%~30%的乳腺癌患者在10~20年后發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移[15]。
乳腺癌患者在Hb降低或血液處于高凝高黏狀態(tài)時(shí),PLT升高,導(dǎo)致PHR升高[16]。高PHR反映患者的炎癥和免疫反應(yīng)增加,與腫瘤的進(jìn)展、侵襲和預(yù)后不良有關(guān)[17]。研究表明PHR對(duì)動(dòng)脈疾病的預(yù)后有一定預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值[8]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,PHR單獨(dú)診斷乳腺癌的敏感度為66.8%,特異性為59.9%,AUC為0.665,具有一定的價(jià)值。
趙微等[18]研究表明LMR單獨(dú)診斷乳腺癌的敏感度為44.33%,特異性為69.23%;當(dāng)癌胚抗原、糖類抗原125、糖類抗原153、LMR和EphrinB2五者聯(lián)合檢測(cè)時(shí),敏感度上升至68.33%,特異性上升至82.69%。本研究顯示,LMR單獨(dú)診斷乳腺癌的敏感度為78.0%,特異性為45.3%;當(dāng)PHR、LMR和ApoA1三者聯(lián)合檢測(cè)時(shí),敏感度上升至79.2%,特異性上升至67.2%,顯著提高乳腺癌的檢出率。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)乳腺癌患者的ApoA1水平較低。研究表明低ApoA1與各種腫瘤之間存在相關(guān)性[19-20]。蔣圣早等[21]發(fā)現(xiàn)乳腺癌組患者的ApoA1水平顯著低于對(duì)照組,與本研究結(jié)果一致。乳腺癌在發(fā)展過程中可導(dǎo)致包括ApoA1在內(nèi)的蛋白質(zhì)發(fā)生變化[22]。然而,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)血清ApoA1水平與乳腺癌的組織病理學(xué)類型、分級(jí)、分期和分子亞型并無明顯關(guān)聯(lián)。蔡奮等[23]發(fā)現(xiàn)高ApoA1可降低乳腺癌患者的死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。乳腺癌患者體內(nèi)低水平ApoA1可能與炎癥反應(yīng)影響肝臟生成或清除ApoA1、化療和放療影響患者的脂質(zhì)代謝有關(guān)[24-25]。
綜上所述,外周血PHR、LMR和ApoA1檢測(cè)均可作為乳腺癌輔助診斷的潛在指標(biāo),三者聯(lián)合的診斷價(jià)值較高,具有一定的臨床應(yīng)用前景。
利益沖突:所有作者均聲明不存在利益沖突。
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
[1]"" FAN L, STRASSER-WEIPPL K, LI J J, et al. Breast cancer in China[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2014, 15(7): e279–e289.
[2]"" AHN H S, KIM S M, JANG M, et al. Comparison of sonography with sonographically guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy and core-needle biopsy for initial axillary staging of breast cancer[J]. J Ultrasound Med, 2013, 32(12): 2177–2184.
[3]"" FAN L, LIU J, JU B, et al. A deep learning based holistic diagnosis system for immunohistochemistry interpretation and molecular subtyping[J]. Neoplasia, 2024, 50: 100976.
[4]"" ARORA R, ALAM F, ZAKA-UR-RAB A, et al. Peripheral neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a cogent clinical adjunct for Ki-67 in breast cancer[J]. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst, 2023, 35(1): 43.
[5]"" KASIMIR-BAUER S, KARAASLAN E, HARS O, et al. In early breast cancer, the ratios of neutrophils, platelets and monocytes to lymphocytes significantly correlate with the presence of subsets of circulating tumor cells but not with disseminated tumor cells[J]. Cancers (Basel), 2022, 14(14): 3299.
[6]"" I?IK F, SONER S. Platelet-to-hemoglobin ratio is an important predictor of in-hospital mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction[J]. Cureus, 2022, 14(7): e26833.
[7]"" LI Z, XU Z, HUANG Y, et al. Prognostic values of preoperative platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, albumin and hemoglobin in patients with non-metastatic colon cancer[J]. Cancer Manag Res, 2019, 11: 3265–3274.
[8]"" BAO K, HUANG H, HUANG G, et al. Platelet-to- hemoglobin ratio as a valuable predictor of long-term all-cause mortality in coronary artery disease patients with congestive heart failure[J]. BMC Cardiovasc Disord, 2021, 21(1): 618.
[9]"" KIM J S, SONG J, CHOI S, et al. Changes in body composition and subsequent cardiovascular disease risk among 5-year breast cancer survivors[J]. Front Cardiovasc Med, 2023, 10: 1259292.
[10] GRUPI?SKA J, BUDZY? M, JANOWSKI J, et al. Potential of the postoperative lymphocyte-to-monocyte and monocyte-to-red blood cell ratio in predicting locoregional and distant metastases after breast cancer resection - Retrospective study[J]. Adv Med Sci, 2024, 69(1): 103–112.
[11] HU R J, LIU Q, MA J Y, et al. Preoperative lymphocyte- to-monocyte ratio predicts breast cancer outcome: A Meta-analysis[J]. Clin Chim Acta, 2018, 484: 1–6.
[12] KULKARNI D , MEJIA R , NARAYANASWANMI V . Development of an apolipoprotein AI chimera for targeted nanodisc drug delivery to breast cancer cells[J]. FASEB J, 2020, 34(S1): 1.
[13] CLARKE C H, YIP C, BADGWELL D, et al. Proteomic biomarkers apolipoprotein A1, truncated transthyretin and connective tissue activating protein Ⅲ enhance the sensitivity of CA125 for detecting early stage epithelial ovarian cancer[J]. Gynecol Oncol, 2011, 122(3): 548–553.
[14] COATES A S, WINER E P, GOLDHIRSCH A, et al. Tailoring therapies--Improving the management of early breast cancer: St Gallen international expert consensus on the primary therapy of early breast cancer 2015[J]. Ann Oncol, 2015, 26(8): 1533–1546.
[15] FU J X, ZOU Y N, LI L, et al. Widespread metastasis to the stomach 10 years after primary breast cancer: A case report and review of the literature[J]. Medicine (Baltimore), 2020, 99(48): e22527.
[16] SARHAN S A, EL-MELIGUI Y M. Significance of platelets to lymphocytes and platelets to haemoglobin ratios in patients with systemic sclerosis[J]. Reumatol Clin (Engl Ed), 2023, 19(1): 12–17.
[17] MO C J, HU Z J, QIN S Z, et al. Diagnostic value of platelet-lymphocyte ratio and hemoglobin-platelet ratio in patients with rectal cancer[J]. J Clin Lab Anal, 2020, 34(4): e23153.
[18] 趙微, 李罡, 孫成, 等. 血清CEA、CA125、CA153、LMR、EphrinB2聯(lián)合檢測(cè)用于乳腺癌篩查的臨床價(jià)值[J]. 中國醫(yī)藥科學(xué), 2022, 12(21): 156–159.
[19] LI B, LIU Y, YUAN Q, et al. Apolipoprotein A1 and low-density lipoprotein as risk factors for intraocular metastases in postmenopausal breast cancer[J]. Technol Cancer Res Treat, 2021, 20: 1533033820984180.
[20] YUAN Q, LU X, GUO H, et al. Low-density lipoprotein receptor promotes crosstalk between cell stemness and tumor immune microenvironment in breast cancer: A large data-based multi-omics study[J]. J Transl Med, 2023, 21(1): 871.
[21] 蔣圣早, 陳東祥. 血清血脂及載脂蛋白水平與乳腺癌的相關(guān)性[J]. 中國現(xiàn)代醫(yī)生, 2015, 53(14): 17–20.
[22] BORGQUIST S, BUTT T, ALMGREN P, et al. Apolipoproteins, lipids and risk of cancer[J]. Int J Cancer, 2016, 138(11): 2648–2656. .
[23] 蔡奮, 張凡, 吳俊東, 等. 脂蛋白膽固醇和載脂蛋白水平對(duì)乳腺癌發(fā)生及預(yù)后的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值[J]. 現(xiàn)代預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué), 2022, 49(10): 1906–1911.
[24] DEI CAS M, CINISELLI C M, VERGANI E, et al. Alterations in plasma lipid profiles associated with melanoma and therapy resistance[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2024, 25(3): 1558.
[25] DONG H, WANG J, HU P, et al. Association of apolipoprotein A1, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and their ratio with inflammatory marker in Chinese adults with coronary artery disease[J]. Angiology, 2023, 74(8): 765–773.
(收稿日期:2025–03–04)
(修回日期:2025–06–10)
通信作者:王健,電子信箱:wangjian616161@163.com