完形填空解題技巧

技巧1 利用語境推斷法解題

語境推斷是指根據(jù)上下文的語境提示或暗示，身臨其境地理解文章的語境和作者的情感態(tài)度，推斷出符合場(chǎng)景的最佳選項(xiàng)。從語境推斷角度命題也是完形填空最主要的命題方式。

（1）利用語境暗示解題

完形填空的語篇是非常注重全文完整性的，各句之間以及各段之間都有緊密的聯(lián)系，有些關(guān)鍵信息往往會(huì)在上下文給出暗示或提示信息。語篇中也有詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu)同現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象，即與語篇話題相關(guān)、意義相關(guān)的詞匯同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，如原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義詞和反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、代詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等。

解答此類試題，首先要在設(shè)空處前后找到與設(shè)空句子相關(guān)聯(lián)的句子；其次把設(shè)空處與相關(guān)聯(lián)的句子意思聯(lián)系起來理解，找出解題線索，尤其要抓住關(guān)鍵詞和關(guān)鍵信息；最后，利用已知信息并對(duì)照備選項(xiàng)，選出最符合語境的答案。

【例題】\"It’s Day 45 of our expedition（探險(xiǎn)）to the South Pole.This must be one of the most difficult days I've ever had，”I thought with a breath as Iwalked against the wind and snow in sub-zero temperatures. We're finally just a few miles away from our destination（目的地）.

A. slow B. light C. heavy D. easy

【解析】根據(jù)設(shè)空句上一句“This must be one of the most difficult days I've everhad.\"以及設(shè)空句“..as I walked against the wind and snow in sub-zero temperatures.\"可知，“這一定是我經(jīng)歷過的最艱難的一天\"及“頂風(fēng)冒雪行走中一定很艱難”，這兩句前后暗示結(jié)果，由此可推斷出“我喘著粗氣地行走”。故選C。

（2）利用作者態(tài)度或感情色彩解題

解題時(shí)，學(xué)生首先可快速閱讀文章，同時(shí)仔細(xì)找出能夠反映作者態(tài)度或感情色彩的重要詞匯，通常是名詞、形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞。這些詞匯是我們做題時(shí)重要的參照線索。然后分析表示感情色彩的詞匯和設(shè)空處之間的聯(lián)系。

【例題】The fireman turned back to the train. My brother and I began searching for coal again.After a while，the fireman brought abasket and it was filled with clean coal.We were so because we could go home early that day.He smiled. That’s the kindest and warmest smile Ihad ever seen.

A.interested B. nervous C.excited D. proud

【解析】根據(jù)設(shè)空句“...we could go home early that day.\"可知，作者此刻的感受是因?yàn)榭梢栽琰c(diǎn)回家產(chǎn)生的。根據(jù)下句\"That’s the kindest and warmest smileIhad everseen.\"可知，作者認(rèn)為“燒爐工人的笑是最善良最溫暖的”，綜合推測(cè)此時(shí)作者應(yīng)該是高興的或興奮的。故選C。

（3）利用首尾呼應(yīng)解題

記敘文通常通過故事情節(jié)來發(fā)展主題，且主題常在文章結(jié)尾處，與首段進(jìn)行呼應(yīng)。說明文或議論文常通過不同的事例來說明一個(gè)事物或陳述一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，而對(duì)事物的評(píng)價(jià)或觀點(diǎn)的總結(jié)通常在結(jié)尾。解題在遇到段首、段尾設(shè)空時(shí)，可利用首尾呼應(yīng)關(guān)系，在文段開頭或結(jié)尾找相關(guān)聯(lián)的句子并分析，確定正確答案。

【例題】\"It’s Day 45 of our expedition（探險(xiǎn)）to the South Pole.This must be one of the most difficult days I've ever had，”I thought with a heavy breath as I walked against the wind and snow in sub-zero temperatures.We're finally just a few miles away from our destination（目的地）...

It was wonderful to be finally standing at the South Pole.This expedition has taught me thatwemust overcomeall kinds ofdifficulties to and never give up.

A.succeed B.exercise C. perform D.achieve

【解析】根據(jù)文章開頭句子\"It’s Day 45of our expedition（探險(xiǎn)）to the South Pole.” 以及本文最后段的段首句\"It was wonderful to be finally standing at the South Pole.\"可 知，經(jīng)過45天艱難探險(xiǎn)成功到達(dá)南極。根據(jù)尾句\".. we must overcome allkinds of dificultiesto...\"可知，克服困難是為了成功，succeed為不及物動(dòng)詞，符合題意。故選A。

技巧2利用邏輯關(guān)系推理法解題

邏輯關(guān)系推理法是指通過分析設(shè)空處上下句的邏輯關(guān)系來推理出正確選項(xiàng)。常見的邏輯關(guān)系有并列關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、讓步關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、對(duì)比關(guān)系等。

解答此類試題時(shí)，首先需要理解文章大意，理清上下文邏輯，知道前后句存在哪種邏輯關(guān)系;其次，在理解文章大意及前后句邏輯關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上，分析備選項(xiàng)，弄清備選項(xiàng)的意思及其表示的邏輯關(guān)系，從而結(jié)合語境選出正確答案。

【例題】At dinner I wanted to show them to my parents .I waited forPaul to speak first. Instead of saying a word，he just ate a little and then went to his room.

A. strangely B. slowly C. proudly D.sadly

【解析】通過設(shè)空句\"At dinnerIwanted to show them to my parents .”與后 句\"Instead of saying a word，he just ate a little and then went to his room.\"前后兩句關(guān)系 對(duì)比，可知是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，進(jìn)而得知“晚飯時(shí)，我想驕傲地把它們拿給父母看”，proudly驕 傲地。故選C。

技巧3 利用句子間的信息解題

句子的關(guān)鍵信息就隱藏在句子中或段落與段落的銜接處。通過仔細(xì)推敲，我們可以找到確切、具體的線索，把答案推測(cè)出來。

【例題】All of the staff in my hotel did a great job recently. We decided to raise money fora woman called Nora.She is working as a front ofice clerk in the .Afew weeks ago she was told by doctors that she had a brain tumor（瘤）.

A. hotel B. library C. restaurant D. store

【解析】句意：“她在當(dāng)前臺(tái)職員?！県otel旅館;library圖書館;restaurant餐館;store商店。根據(jù)本段第一句“All of the staf in my hotel did a great job recently.\"可知，他們是一家旅館的員工，因此她應(yīng)是旅館的前臺(tái)職員。故選A。

技巧4 利用排除法解題

如果不能直接看出某一道題的答案，可以把排除法和詞匯、語法分析結(jié)合起來運(yùn)用，從而縮小選擇的范圍，提高答題準(zhǔn)確率。這種情況有以下幾種：

☆分析設(shè)空處與前后詞之間的從屬關(guān)系及搭配關(guān)系，從而排除一些選項(xiàng)；

☆弄清楚該題的句法關(guān)系，分析一下它是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句；

☆判斷所填的內(nèi)容在句中充當(dāng)什么成分，應(yīng)是什么詞性，并分析備選答案之間的異同，從而排除干擾項(xiàng)選出正確答案。

【例題】In 1856，William Perkin，an18-year-old student，noticed something strange while doing an experimen（實(shí)驗(yàn)）.The chemicals（化學(xué)藥品） he used to clean his instruments mixed with the chemicals he used in his experiment and produced a bright purple color. This discovery led Perkin to start a company using this chemical mixture to make purple dye. The dye was much cheaper than sea-snail dye. Thanks to Perkin， now anyone can afford to wear purple clothes.

A. geography B.science C.art D. math

【解析】本題考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“1856，一個(gè)18歲的 學(xué)生WilliamPerkin在做實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些奇怪的東西。\"geography地理;science科學(xué)，理科;art藝術(shù);math數(shù)學(xué)。根據(jù)下文\"Thechemicals（化學(xué)藥品）...\"及常識(shí)可知，化學(xué)學(xué)科屬于理科，此處science是“理科\"的意思。故選B。

技巧5 利用固定搭配法解題

固定搭配形式有動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配、動(dòng)詞與名詞的搭配、形容詞與名詞的搭配以及介詞短語搭配等，做題時(shí)要根據(jù)內(nèi)容選擇正確的短語。

【例題】We don't make a“chore plan”for her to finish each day！ However， we chores to her slowly. Iunderstand the reason behind that. It teaches a child to be responsible（負(fù)責(zé)的）for what he or she does.

A. cheat B. send C. add D. shoot

【解析】句意：“然而，我們會(huì)慢慢給她增加家務(wù)。\"根據(jù)“Wedon'tmakea‘choreplan’forhertofinisheachday！”可知，我們沒有為她制訂每天必須完成的“家務(wù)計(jì)劃”，但是會(huì)慢慢地增加一些任務(wù)給她，add...t...把…添加到，與句意相符。故選C。

技巧6 利用常識(shí)法解題

解答完形填空題時(shí)，如果文章中提供的信息不夠，還需要將題目與頭腦中儲(chǔ)存的知識(shí)信息結(jié)合起來考慮，最后選出符合常識(shí)的最佳答案。

【例題】The next morning，when the litle boy ran to check the barrels，he found that the barrels were blown here and there again.The little boy felt very unhappy and cried. His father came and said kindly，“Son， don’t be sad.We may have no way to deal with the wind，but we may have ways for you， so we can have our own ways to beat the wind.” Then the little boy dried his tears and thought over and over.Finally，he thought of an idea. He filled the barrels with water. After that，he went home worriedly.

A. empty B. full C. useless D. special

【解析】根據(jù)“Hefilled the barrelswithwater.\"及生活常識(shí)可知“只有空桶才能裝滿水”。故選A。

（作者單位：省鄆城縣南城初級(jí)中學(xué)）