[摘要] 目的 探討甘油三酯葡萄糖體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(triglyceride glucose-body mass index,TyG-BMI)、血漿致動脈粥樣硬化指數(shù)(atherogenic index of plasma,AIP)與膽石癥患病風(fēng)險的相關(guān)性。方法 選取2023年1月至12月于九江學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院診治的膽石癥患者395例納入膽石癥組,選取同期于本院體檢的384名健康者納入對照組。采用多因素Logistic回歸分析TyG-BMI、AIP與膽石癥患病風(fēng)險之間的關(guān)聯(lián)性,受試者操作特征曲線(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲線)評價TyG-BMI、AIP對膽石癥的預(yù)測價值。結(jié)果 膽石癥組患者的年齡、體質(zhì)量指數(shù)、吸煙和飲酒占比、空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,F(xiàn)BG)、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、TyG指數(shù)、TyG-BMI、AIP均顯著高于對照組,總膽固醇、高密度脂蛋白均顯著低于對照組(Plt;0.05)。多因素Logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示年齡、FBG、TyG-BMI均是膽石癥發(fā)病的獨立危險因素(Plt;0.05)。ROC曲線顯示TyG指數(shù)、TyG-BMI、AIP單獨預(yù)測膽石癥發(fā)病的曲線下面積(area under the curve,AUC)分別為0.687、0.698、0.657,TyG-BMI聯(lián)合AIP預(yù)測的AUC為0.709。結(jié)論 TyG-BMI、AIP與膽石癥的發(fā)病風(fēng)險具有相關(guān)性,TyG-BMI是膽石癥發(fā)病的獨立危險因素,TyG-BMI聯(lián)合AIP可作為膽石癥的早期預(yù)測指標。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 甘油三酯葡萄糖體質(zhì)量指數(shù);血漿致動脈粥樣硬化指數(shù);胰島素抵抗;膽石癥
[中圖分類號] R575.62" """"[文獻標識碼] A """""[DOI] 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9701.2025.04.012
[Abstract] Objective To explore correlation between triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and the risk of cholelithiasis. Methods A total of 395 patients with cholelithiasis diagnosed and treated in Jiujiang University Affiliated Hospital from January to December 2023 were included in cholelithiasis group, and 384 healthy people who underwent physical examination in the hospital during the same period were included in control group. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between TyG-BMI, AIP and the risk of cholelithiasis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to evaluate the predictive value of TyG-BMI and AIP in cholelithiasis. Results The age, body mass index, proportion of smoking and drinking, fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, TyG index, TyG-BMI and AIP of patients in cholelithiasis group were significantly higher than those in control group, while total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein were significantly lower than those in control group (Plt;0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age, FBG and TyG-BMI were independent risk factors for cholelithiasis (Plt;0.05). ROC curve showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of TyG index, TyG-BMI and AIP independently predicted the incidence of cholelithiosis was 0.687, 0.698 and 0.657, respectively, and the AUC of TyG-BMI combined with AIP was 0.709. Conclusion TyG-BMI and AIP are correlated with the risk of cholelithiasis. TyG-BMI is an independent risk factor for cholelithiasis, and TyG-BMI combined with AIP can be used as an early predictor of cholelithiasis.
[Key words] Triglyceride glucose-body mass index; Atherogenic index of plasma; Insulin resistance; Cholelithiasis
隨著飲食結(jié)構(gòu)和生活方式的改變,中國的膽石癥發(fā)病率達10%,并逐年升高[1]。膽石癥可誘發(fā)膽囊炎、胰腺炎和膽囊癌,若治療不及時,可導(dǎo)致膽囊穿孔、腹腔感染、膿毒血癥等嚴重并發(fā)癥,甚至死亡[2]。膽石癥的發(fā)病與種族、性別、高齡、肥胖、糖尿病、代謝綜合征等多種因素有關(guān),其中代謝綜合征是主要病因之一[3-4]。代謝綜合征是以胰島素抵抗為主要發(fā)生機制的代謝紊亂癥候群,常表現(xiàn)為腹型肥胖、血壓和血糖升高、血脂代謝異常[5]。胰島素抵抗與膽石癥的形成密切相關(guān),是其發(fā)病的危險因素[6]。甘油三酯葡萄糖(triglyceride- glucose,TyG)指數(shù)、TyG-體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(body mass index,BMI)和甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)/高密度脂蛋白(high density lipoprotein,HDL)是胰島素抵抗簡單可信的替代指標,而血漿致動脈粥樣硬化指數(shù)(atherogenic index of plasma,AIP)可反映TG和HDL水平,比單一血脂指標更敏感,與胰島素抵抗和脂質(zhì)代謝異常密切相關(guān)[7-8]。既往研究顯示TyG-BMI、AIP與冠心病、腦卒中、高血壓、糖尿病、脂肪肝等密切相關(guān),可作為腦卒中長期分層管理或預(yù)測高血壓的可靠指標[9-12]。TyG-BMI、AIP與膽石癥是否相關(guān)尚不明確,本研究旨在探討TyG-BMI、AIP與膽石癥發(fā)生的相關(guān)性,以期探索膽石癥發(fā)生的預(yù)測指標。
1" 資料與方法
1.1" 研究對象
選取2023年1月至12月于九江學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院診治的膽石癥患者395例納入膽石癥組。納入標準:年齡≥18歲;腹部彩超、CT或磁共振成像檢查提示膽石癥者;病歷資料完整。排除標準:近3個月內(nèi)有降糖藥物和調(diào)脂藥物用藥史;有心腦血管疾病、糖尿病、脂肪肝、胰腺炎、嚴重肝膽疾病、惡性腫瘤、遺傳性高脂血癥病史;臨床資料不全者。選取同期于本院體檢的384名健康者納入對照組。本研究經(jīng)九江學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會批準(倫理審批號:jjuhmer-b-2024-0105)。所有研究對象均知情并簽署知情同意書。
1.2" 研究方法
收集研究對象的臨床資料,包括年齡、性別、BMI、吸煙史、飲酒史、空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,F(xiàn)BG)、總膽固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、TG、低密度脂蛋白(low density lipoprotein,LDL)、HDL、腹部彩超、CT、磁共振成像等,比較兩組各項指標的差異。TyG-BMI計算公式:TyG-BMI=ln[TG(mg/dl)×FBG(mg/dl)/2]×BMI;AIP計算公式:AIP=lg(TG/HDL);其中TG 1mg/dl=0.011mmol/L,F(xiàn)BG 1mg/dl= 0.056mmol/L。
1.3" 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 27.0統(tǒng)計學(xué)軟件分析數(shù)據(jù)。正態(tài)分布的計量資料以均數(shù)±標準差()表示,組間比較采用t檢驗;非正態(tài)分布的計量資料以中位數(shù)(四分位數(shù)間距)[M(Q1,Q3)]表示,比較采用Mann-Whitney U檢驗。計數(shù)資料和分類變量以例數(shù)(百分率)[n(%)]表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗;采用多因素Logistic回歸分析探討膽石癥的危險因素,繪制受試者操作特征曲線(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲線),比較TyG-BMI、AIP預(yù)測膽石癥的能力。Plt;0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2" 結(jié)果
2.1" 兩組研究對象的一般資料比較
膽石癥組患者的年齡、BMI、吸煙和飲酒占比均顯著高于對照組(Plt;0.05),兩組研究對象的性別比較差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(Pgt;0.05),見表1。
2.2" 兩組研究對象的實驗室指標比較
膽石癥組患者的FBG、TG、LDL、TyG指數(shù)、TyG-BMI、AIP均顯著高于對照組(Plt;0.05),TC、HDL均顯著低于對照組(Plt;0.05),見表2。
2.3" 膽石癥的危險因素分析
單因素分析結(jié)果顯示,年齡、吸煙史、飲酒史、BMI、FBG、TG、LDL、TyG指數(shù)、TyG-BMI、AIP、TC、HDL均是膽石癥發(fā)病的影響因素(Plt;0.05),見表3。以是否發(fā)生膽石癥為因變量,分別以年齡、吸煙史、飲酒史、BMI、FBG、TC、TG、HDL、LDL、TyG指數(shù)、TyG-BMI、AIP為自變量行多因素Logistic回歸分析,結(jié)果顯示年齡、FBG、TyG-BMI均是膽石癥發(fā)病的獨立危險因素(Plt;0.05),見表4。
2.4" TyG指數(shù)、TyG-BMI、AIP對膽石癥的預(yù)測價值
ROC曲線顯示TyG指數(shù)、TyG-BMI、AIP單獨預(yù)測膽石癥發(fā)病的曲線下面積(area under the curve,AUC)分別為0.687、0.698、0.657,TyG-BMI聯(lián)合AIP預(yù)測膽石癥發(fā)病的AUC為0.709,預(yù)測價值最高,見圖1、表5。
3" 討論
胰島素抵抗是膽石癥的主要發(fā)病因素,可能與胰島素抵抗導(dǎo)致膽汁中膽固醇的濃度增加、膽汁酸合成減少有關(guān)[13]。胰島素抵抗通常使用高胰島素-正常血糖鉗夾技術(shù)、穩(wěn)態(tài)模型評估的胰島素抵抗(homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance,HOMA-IR)指數(shù)評估,然而由于其價格昂貴、操作復(fù)雜和侵入性強,在臨床研究中應(yīng)用受到限制[14]。研究認為TyG指數(shù)、TyG-BMI、TG/HDL可作為胰島素抵抗的評估指標,與高胰島素-正常血糖鉗夾技術(shù)和HOMA-IR指數(shù)相比,檢測更加簡便,敏感度和特異性更高[15-17];TyG-BMI在早期識別胰島素抵抗中優(yōu)于TyG指數(shù)[18]。TG/HDL及其對數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換AIP可作為HOMA-IR指數(shù)的替代指標,對胰島素抵抗也具有評估價值[19]。
TyG指數(shù)作為胰島素抵抗的評估指標,可用于早期識別2型糖尿病和預(yù)測穩(wěn)定型冠心病患者的臨床結(jié)局[20-21]。近年來研究發(fā)現(xiàn)TyG指數(shù)與膽石癥的患病風(fēng)險顯著相關(guān)。Feng等[22]研究表明TyG指數(shù)每增加一個單位,膽結(jié)石風(fēng)險增加0.28倍。此外,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)TyG指數(shù)每上升1個單位和每改變1個標準差,膽石癥患病風(fēng)險分別上升0.25倍和0.24倍[23]。本研究亦發(fā)現(xiàn)TyG指數(shù)是膽石癥發(fā)病的影響因素,對膽石癥的發(fā)病具有較好的預(yù)測價值。
BMI是衡量人體肥胖程度的標準,而肥胖是胰島素抵抗的危險因素,TyG-BMI預(yù)測胰島素抵抗更具優(yōu)勢[24]。Zhang等[25]研究表明TyG-BMI與冠狀動脈疾病嚴重程度顯著相關(guān),且是冠狀動脈多支血管病變的獨立危險因素,其預(yù)測價值顯著高于TyG指數(shù)。Wang等[26]研究證明TyG-BMI預(yù)測非酒精性脂肪性肝病的準確性顯著高于TyG指數(shù)。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)TyG-BMI是膽石癥發(fā)病的獨立危險因素,其預(yù)測的準確率明顯高于TyG指數(shù)。
AIP是TG/HDL的對數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換,是反映動脈粥樣硬化的標志物,同時亦可用于評估胰島素抵抗[27]。近年來研究發(fā)現(xiàn)AIP與冠心病、非酒精性脂肪性肝病等密切相關(guān)。Rabiee等[28]研究證明AIP升高與心血管疾病風(fēng)險增加相關(guān),是冠狀動脈疾病患者不良心血管事件的潛在預(yù)后標志物。一項橫斷面研究表明AIP與非酒精性脂肪性肝病的發(fā)生顯著相關(guān),其預(yù)測價值優(yōu)于TyG指數(shù)[29]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)AIP與膽石癥發(fā)病呈正相關(guān),對膽石癥的發(fā)病具有較好的預(yù)測價值。此外,本研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)AIP聯(lián)合TyG-BMI對膽石癥發(fā)病的預(yù)測價值更好。
既往研究發(fā)現(xiàn)血清HDL是膽石癥的獨立保護因素,高水平的HDL可促進肝膽汁酸合成、增加膽固醇在膽汁中的溶解度防止膽結(jié)石形成[30]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)HDL與膽石癥發(fā)病風(fēng)險呈負相關(guān),是膽石癥的保護因素,與既往研究結(jié)論一致。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)血清TC水平降低可引起肝臟膽固醇代償性分泌、抑制膽汁酸的分泌,促進膽結(jié)石的形成[31]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)膽石癥組患者的血清TC確實較對照組低,與上述結(jié)果一致。此外,女性是膽石癥的危險因素,原因或為雌激素可促進膽固醇分泌,導(dǎo)致膽汁中膽固醇飽和度升高,從而增加膽石癥的發(fā)病風(fēng)險[32]。但本研究未觀察到女性是膽石癥的危險因素,可能與本研究中絕經(jīng)后老年患者居多、雌激素水平下降有關(guān)。
綜上所述,TyG-BMI、AIP與膽石癥的發(fā)病密切相關(guān),TyG-BMI是膽石癥的獨立危險因素,TyG-BMI聯(lián)合AIP可作為膽石癥的早期預(yù)測指標。
利益沖突:所有作者均聲明不存在利益沖突。
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(收稿日期:2024–11–12)
(修回日期:2024–12–24)
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