摘 要 為明確留樁高度對(duì)‘甬優(yōu)4949’水稻再生季產(chǎn)量的影響,設(shè)置保留4.5個(gè)、3.5個(gè)和2.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間的留樁高度,測(cè)定不同留樁節(jié)位處理下的腋芽萌發(fā)、內(nèi)源激素含量及再生季產(chǎn)量。結(jié)果表明:不同留樁高度下,高節(jié)位腋芽生長(zhǎng)速度大于低節(jié)位腋芽,減少伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間數(shù)可促進(jìn)下部腋芽萌發(fā);內(nèi)源激素變化顯示,不同留樁高度下,腋芽脫落酸(ABA)、赤霉素(GA)、玉米素核苷(Tzr)含量自下而上表現(xiàn)為低節(jié)位腋芽>高節(jié)位腋芽,水楊酸(SA)含量表現(xiàn)為低節(jié)位腋芽<高節(jié)位腋芽; 生長(zhǎng)素(IAA)和異戊烯腺嘌呤(iP)含量變化規(guī)律與留樁高度相關(guān),保留2.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間,IAA含量表現(xiàn)為低節(jié)位腋芽<高節(jié)位腋芽,保留3.5及4.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間,則表現(xiàn)為低節(jié)位腋芽>高節(jié)位腋芽;保留2.5及3.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間,腋芽iP含量表現(xiàn)為低節(jié)位腋芽>高節(jié)位腋芽,保留4.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間,腋芽iP含量表現(xiàn)為低節(jié)位腋芽<高節(jié)位腋芽;保留較少的留樁節(jié)位數(shù)可增加低節(jié)位腋芽促發(fā)相關(guān)激素積累,降低生長(zhǎng)抑制類激素含量,保留較多的留樁節(jié)位數(shù)促進(jìn)上部腋芽萌發(fā),頂端優(yōu)勢(shì)明顯;保留2.5及3.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間可顯著提高再生季稻的每穗粒數(shù)和結(jié)實(shí)率,與保留4.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間相比,再生季產(chǎn)量分別提高13.37%和9.61%。不同節(jié)位腋芽萌發(fā)與頭季留樁高度密切相關(guān),‘甬優(yōu)4949’頭季收割保留2.5~3.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間,有利于下部大穗型腋芽萌發(fā),提升再生季產(chǎn)量。
關(guān)鍵詞 再生稻;留樁高度;腋芽;內(nèi)源激素;產(chǎn)量
再生稻具有 “一種兩收”、“四省”(省種、省工、省肥、省秧田)、“四高”(投入產(chǎn)出率高、勞動(dòng)效率高、經(jīng)濟(jì)效率高、土地利用率高)及米質(zhì)更優(yōu)、綠色安全等特點(diǎn)[1-2]。發(fā)展再生稻,既可以解決種植雙季稻勞動(dòng)力短缺和用工成本大幅度攀升的問題,并對(duì)保證區(qū)域口糧絕對(duì)安全、調(diào)優(yōu)糧食生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)有著重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。然而再生稻生產(chǎn)仍然面臨著再生季成熟整齊度差、產(chǎn)量不穩(wěn)定、整精米率低等亟待解決的生產(chǎn)實(shí)際問題。研究表明,再生季生育期長(zhǎng)短、產(chǎn)量及品質(zhì)形成與留樁高度密切相關(guān)[3-7];頭季機(jī)收碾壓造成高節(jié)位腋芽損傷、有效腋芽萌發(fā)節(jié)位降低,是造成再生季群體生育進(jìn)程差異重要因素之一 [8],再生季產(chǎn)量品質(zhì)優(yōu)勢(shì)難以發(fā)揮。
再生季產(chǎn)量形成除受外部環(huán)境及栽培調(diào)控因素影響外,還與植株內(nèi)在生理、遺傳因素密切相關(guān)。頭季稻樁腋芽存活數(shù)量決定了再生季有效穗,而腋芽萌發(fā)節(jié)位決定了穗粒數(shù)。已有的研究表明,腋芽具有頂端優(yōu)勢(shì),其活性隨節(jié)位上升增強(qiáng)而穗粒數(shù)呈下降變化[9],腋芽活性及產(chǎn)量形成還與頭季同化產(chǎn)物在該節(jié)位的分配比例正相關(guān)[10],頭季稻下部節(jié)位莖稈的淀粉和非結(jié)構(gòu)性碳水化合物含量則與再生率密切相關(guān)[11]。通過噴施外源植物生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑可顯著提升再生季有效穗[12],施用具有促進(jìn)再生稻腋芽萌發(fā)生長(zhǎng)作用的根際促生菌,可提升腋芽活性及再生率 [13]。
圍繞提高再生季產(chǎn)量,前人開展了一系列研究,關(guān)于機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)條件下,頭季稻收割適宜留樁高度不同生態(tài)區(qū)存在差異。安徽、湖北、四川再生稻頭季收割采用高留樁(gt;40 cm),以提升再生季有效穗為主攻方向,再生季生育期短,有利于在寒露風(fēng)來臨前安全齊穗;福建再生稻頭季收割采用低留樁(15 cm<留樁<25 cm),主攻再生季穗大、 穗齊,再生季生育期長(zhǎng),受寒露風(fēng)影響相對(duì)較弱;而關(guān)于長(zhǎng)江中游南部江西再生稻適宜留樁高度及其對(duì)再生季產(chǎn)量形成影響研究尚無相關(guān)報(bào)道。據(jù)此,本研究基于江西再生稻生產(chǎn)存在的頭季適宜留樁高度不明確、再生季群體整齊度差、再生季產(chǎn)量不高不穩(wěn)的現(xiàn)狀,分析不同留樁高度下腋芽萌發(fā)差異機(jī)制及其對(duì)產(chǎn)量影響,以期為本區(qū)域再生稻機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)提供理論依據(jù)和參考。
1 材料與方法
1.1 試驗(yàn)地點(diǎn)
試驗(yàn)于2022年3月—11月在江西省寧都縣田頭鎮(zhèn)田頭村稻豐水稻種植專業(yè)合作社進(jìn)行(北緯26.2°,東經(jīng)115.6°)。該地年平均降水量 1 847.1 mm,無霜期298 d,年平均日照1 681.5 h,平均氣溫19.0 ℃,全年≥10" ℃積溫6 084.9 ℃。
1.2 供試材料
供試水稻品種為秈粳交三系雜交水稻‘甬優(yōu)4949’,在本地區(qū)種植頭季生育期為130 d左右。
1.3 試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)
頭季稻3月18日播種,4月15日移栽,移栽規(guī)格30 cm×14 cm,大田移栽密度1.58×104蔸/666.7 m2, 8月5日收割。頭季采用手工收割,設(shè)置3個(gè)留樁高度處理,即自下而上從第1個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間起,分別保留2.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間、3.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間、4.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間(對(duì)照),每個(gè)處理小區(qū)面積50 m2,重復(fù)3次。
養(yǎng)分管理:再生稻頭季施氮總量210" kg/hm2,N∶P2O5∶K2O為2∶1∶2,磷肥作基肥一次性施用,氮肥按基肥∶分蘗肥∶穗粒肥為4∶3∶3施用,鉀肥按基肥∶穗粒肥為7∶3施用;再生季總施氮量150 kg/hm2,按保根促芽 肥∶提苗肥為4∶6分兩次分別于頭季稻收割前12 d、收割后4 d施用,K2O施用量按90 kg/hm2作提苗肥于頭季收割后7 d一次性施用。
水分管理:頭季田間常規(guī)水分管理,莖蘗數(shù)達(dá)預(yù)期總數(shù)的80%時(shí)進(jìn)行第1次曬田控苗;齊穗后田間采用干濕交替水分管理至收獲,每次控水至土壤飽和含水量60%左右,以田面開大裂、腳踏田面不陷且稍有彈性為宜;再生季在頭季稻收割后的第2天復(fù)“跑馬水”,自然落干,收割后第5天第2次復(fù)水同時(shí)施肥,整個(gè)再生季采用干濕交替灌溉至成熟;施肥施藥期間保持田面3 cm左右水層。
1.4 測(cè)定項(xiàng)目及方法
1.4.1 腋芽萌發(fā)及動(dòng)態(tài) [HT]頭季稻收割前標(biāo)記代表性植株,分別于頭季稻收割后1 d、 3 d、7 d取不同留樁高度處理稻樁5蔸,測(cè)量各節(jié)間的上節(jié)位腋芽長(zhǎng)度,自下而上分別記錄為節(jié)1腋芽、節(jié)2腋芽、節(jié)3腋芽、節(jié)4腋芽。同時(shí)切取腋芽液氮速凍,于24 h內(nèi)送回實(shí)驗(yàn)室并放入超低溫 (-80 ℃)冰箱保存。
1.4.2 腋芽?jī)?nèi)源激素含量 [HT]取頭季收割后3 d的腋芽樣品,用研磨儀研磨(30 Hz,1 min)至粉末狀,然后稱取鮮樣粉末50 mg于2 mL離心管中,加入50 μL內(nèi)標(biāo)溶液 和1 mL甲醇-水-甲酸 (15∶4∶1,體積比)提取液;將離心管放于超聲波清洗儀中超聲提取30 min, 10 000 r/min離心15 min,上清液用氮?dú)獯蹈?,再?00 μL 80%甲醇/水溶液復(fù)溶,過0.22 μm濾膜,置于進(jìn)樣瓶中待測(cè)。
采用液相色譜串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜(LC-MS/MS)測(cè)定生長(zhǎng)素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA)、脫落酸(ABA)、水楊酸(SA)、異戊烯腺嘌呤(iP)、反式玉米素核苷(tZR)等植物激素含量。數(shù)據(jù)采集儀器系統(tǒng)主要包括超高效液相色譜(ExionLCTM AD)和串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜(QTRAP 6500+)。液相色譜條件主要包括:流動(dòng)相組成包括 A 相(超純水和0.04%的乙酸)和 B 相(乙腈和0.04%的乙酸)。梯度洗脫程序:0 min A/B為95∶5(V/V),1.0 min A/B為95∶5(V/V),8.0 min為5∶95(V/V),9.0 min為5∶95(V/V),9.1 min為95∶5(V/V),12.0 min為95∶5(V/V);流速0.35 mL/min;柱溫 40" ℃;進(jìn)樣量2 μL。質(zhì)譜條件主要包括:電噴霧離子源溫度550" ℃,正離子模式下質(zhì)譜電壓 5 500 V,負(fù)離子模式下質(zhì)譜電壓-4 500 V,氣簾氣35 psi。每個(gè)離子對(duì)根據(jù)優(yōu)化的去簇電壓和碰撞能進(jìn)行掃描檢測(cè)。
1.4.3 產(chǎn)量及產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成 [HT]再生季成熟期每個(gè)處理取代表植株5蔸,考種記錄每蔸有效穗、穗粒數(shù)、實(shí)粒數(shù)、空癟粒數(shù)及千粒質(zhì)量,折算667" m2有效穗、平均穗粒數(shù)、平均穗實(shí)粒數(shù)、結(jié)實(shí)率、千粒質(zhì)量后計(jì)算理論產(chǎn)量。
計(jì)算公式:理論產(chǎn)量=667 m2有效穗×平均穗粒數(shù)×結(jié)實(shí)率×千粒質(zhì)量
667 m2有效穗=每蔸有效穗×移栽密度
結(jié)實(shí)率=平均穗實(shí)粒數(shù)/平均穗粒數(shù)×100%
1.5 數(shù)據(jù)處理
采用Microsoft Excel 2007整理試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),采用DPS(V7.05)進(jìn)行方差分析(LSD,α =0.05)相關(guān)性分析,運(yùn)用GraphPad Prism 8.3.0進(jìn)行繪圖。
2 結(jié)果與分析
2.1 不同留樁高度下腋芽生長(zhǎng)差異
頭季收割后腋芽萌發(fā)存在頂端優(yōu)勢(shì),高節(jié)位腋芽萌發(fā)生長(zhǎng)速度大于低節(jié)位腋芽(圖1-A~C),表現(xiàn)為不同留樁高度下,同一稻樁腋芽在頭季稻收獲后7 d伸長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)度表現(xiàn)為節(jié)1<節(jié)2<節(jié)4、節(jié)3;同一節(jié)位腋芽生長(zhǎng)進(jìn)程因保留伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間數(shù)不同而存在差異,節(jié)1、節(jié)2位腋芽在收割后7 d伸長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)度表現(xiàn)為2.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間>3.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間>4.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間(圖1-D、圖1-E),保留3.5及4.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間對(duì)節(jié)3腋芽生長(zhǎng)影響不明顯(圖1-F)。
2.2 不同留樁高度下腋芽?jī)?nèi)源激素變化
腋芽萌發(fā)過程中關(guān)鍵內(nèi)源激素變化顯示(圖2),不同節(jié)位腋芽脫落酸(ABA)含量自下而上降低,而水楊酸(SA)呈上升變化,從而促進(jìn)上部腋芽生長(zhǎng),抑制下部腋芽萌發(fā);同一節(jié)位腋芽赤霉素(GA)含量隨留樁節(jié)位數(shù)增加而上升,不同留樁高度下腋芽GA含量變化為節(jié)1腋芽>節(jié)2腋芽>節(jié)3腋芽;生長(zhǎng)素(IAA)在腋芽中含量因留樁高度不同而異,低留樁(2.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間)條件下的腋芽IAA含量表現(xiàn)為節(jié)1腋芽<節(jié)2腋芽,中、高留樁(3.5及4.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間)條件下腋芽IAA含量表現(xiàn)為節(jié)1腋芽>節(jié)2腋芽>節(jié)3腋芽>節(jié)4腋芽。
在保留2.5及3.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間的留樁高度下,不同節(jié)位腋芽異戊烯腺嘌呤(iP)的表達(dá)量表現(xiàn)為節(jié)1腋芽gt;節(jié)2腋芽gt;節(jié)3腋芽,而在保留4.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間的留樁高度下,腋芽iP的表達(dá)量表現(xiàn)為節(jié)3腋芽gt;節(jié)4腋芽gt;節(jié)1腋芽gt;節(jié)2腋芽;玉米素核苷(tZR)在不同留樁高度下均表現(xiàn)為節(jié)1腋芽gt;節(jié)2腋芽gt;節(jié)3、節(jié)4腋芽,節(jié)1腋芽tZR含量表現(xiàn)為隨保留節(jié)位增加下降,保留 2.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間節(jié)1腋芽tZR含量最高,節(jié)2腋芽tZR含量表現(xiàn)為在保留3.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間含量最高,其次為2.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間高度,節(jié)3腋芽tZR含量表現(xiàn)為隨保留節(jié)位增加而降低。
2.3 留樁高度對(duì)再生季腋芽成穗的影響
由圖3可知, 節(jié)1、節(jié)2位腋芽萌發(fā)成穗數(shù)表現(xiàn)為2.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間>3.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間>4.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間,節(jié)3腋芽萌發(fā)成穗數(shù)表現(xiàn)為3.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間>4.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間;留樁節(jié)間數(shù)影響再生季群體有效穗,整體表現(xiàn)為再生季單蔸有效穗隨留樁節(jié)位數(shù)增加而升高,表現(xiàn)為3.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間、4.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間>2.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間,其中保留3.5個(gè)及4.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間處理有效穗較保留2.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間分別增加了5.4%和4.4%。
2.4 不同留樁高度對(duì)再生季產(chǎn)量及產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成的影響
不同留樁節(jié)間數(shù)影響再生季產(chǎn)量及產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成,保留2.5和3.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間較保留4.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間處理產(chǎn)量分別增加13.37%和9.61%;保留2.5個(gè)及3.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間,有效穗較保留4.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間處理分別減少21.56%、3.44%,穗粒數(shù)增加30.70%、6.19%,結(jié)實(shí)率分別提高 10.42%、6.37%,從而提升再生季產(chǎn)量(表1)。
再生季產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成因素相關(guān)性分析顯示,再生季有效穗與穗粒數(shù)極顯著負(fù)相關(guān),與結(jié)實(shí)率顯著負(fù)相關(guān);產(chǎn)量與有效穗呈負(fù)相關(guān),與穗粒數(shù)、結(jié)實(shí)率呈正相關(guān),但相關(guān)性不顯著(表2),表明‘甬優(yōu)4949’頭季收割保留不同伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間數(shù)主要影響再生季有效穗、穗粒數(shù)及結(jié)實(shí)率,隨保留伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間數(shù)量減少,再生季有效穗降低,而穗粒數(shù)增加、結(jié)實(shí)率提高。
3 討" 論
3.1 頭季稻收割留樁高度對(duì)‘甬優(yōu)4949’產(chǎn)量形成的影響
頭季稻收割留樁節(jié)位決定了腋芽數(shù)量進(jìn)而影響再生季產(chǎn)量形成,Darliri等[14]和練紅等[15]研究表明,頭季收割高留樁(30~55 cm)有利于再生季高產(chǎn),隨高度上升而產(chǎn)量增加;唐江霞等[16]提出低留樁(20 cm)有利于高產(chǎn)。本研究結(jié)果表明,‘甬優(yōu)4949’頭季收割高留樁(保留4.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間)不利于產(chǎn)量的形成,進(jìn)一步分析留樁高度對(duì)產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成影響顯示,‘甬優(yōu)4949’表現(xiàn)為隨保留伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間數(shù)降低有效穗降低而平均穗粒數(shù)和結(jié)實(shí)率有明顯提升。與前人的研究結(jié)果存在差異的主要原因應(yīng)與品種相關(guān),如‘豐兩優(yōu)香1號(hào)’表現(xiàn)為隨留樁高度降低,穗粒數(shù)有下降趨勢(shì)但處理間差異不顯著,結(jié)實(shí)率則呈上升變化[17-18],‘C 兩優(yōu) 34156’及‘瀘優(yōu)明占’隨留樁高度降低穗粒數(shù)增加而結(jié)實(shí)率降低[19],‘甬優(yōu)4149’在30~35 cm的留樁高度有利于提高有效穗及結(jié)實(shí)率,從而提高產(chǎn)量[20]。由此可見,基于不同地區(qū)及供試品種再生季腋芽萌發(fā)特點(diǎn)差異,頭季收割留樁高度對(duì)再生季產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成影響存在不同,且已有研究多以厘米數(shù)來表述留樁高度,無法判斷不同留樁高度下的保留伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間數(shù)及腋芽數(shù)量,這也是導(dǎo)致眾多研究結(jié)果不一致的重要原因。
3.2 頭季留樁高度對(duì)腋芽?jī)?nèi)源激素變化的影響
腋芽萌發(fā)受內(nèi)源激素調(diào)控[21],留樁高度可引起腋芽?jī)?nèi)源激素變化進(jìn)而影響腋芽萌發(fā)[22],脫落酸(ABA)引起芽休眠、水楊酸(SA)抑制頂端生長(zhǎng)促進(jìn)側(cè)生生長(zhǎng),赤霉素(GA)及生長(zhǎng)素(IAA)參與生長(zhǎng)調(diào)控,但含量上呈相反調(diào)控效應(yīng),較低IAA含量促進(jìn)生長(zhǎng),高IAA含量抑制生長(zhǎng)。本研究結(jié)果顯示,不同留樁高度下(保留2.5~4.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間數(shù)),‘甬優(yōu)4949’腋芽ABA含量自下而上降低,而SA含量呈上升變化,高留樁促進(jìn)低節(jié)位腋芽IAA積累,低留樁降低低節(jié)位腋芽IAA積累,從而表現(xiàn)為高留樁促進(jìn)上部腋芽生長(zhǎng),頂端優(yōu)勢(shì)明顯,這一結(jié)果與前人的研究一致[23]; GA在植物體內(nèi)合成場(chǎng)所為頂端幼嫩組織,如根尖及莖尖,并雙向運(yùn)輸,本研究中,節(jié)1位腋芽GA含量顯著高于高節(jié)位腋芽含量,且腋芽GA含量有隨著生節(jié)位上升而降低的趨勢(shì),推測(cè)可能由于頭季稻收割減少了地上部莖尖GA合成,增加了根部合成GA含量比例,從而增加了靠近根系的低節(jié)位腋芽GA含量。異戊烯腺嘌呤(iP)屬于一種特殊類型的細(xì)胞分裂素,能夠下調(diào)分解代謝基因,從而具有延緩衰老、促進(jìn)地上部再生等作用[24-25],玉米素核苷(tZR)作為植物體內(nèi)可移動(dòng)細(xì)胞分裂素可促進(jìn)細(xì)胞分裂、刺激莖芽增殖[26]。已有的研究表明,水稻地上部?jī)?nèi)源激素iP含量變化與再生芽休眠和生長(zhǎng)關(guān)系十分密切,iP含量的增加促進(jìn)了腋芽快速萌發(fā)[27],本研究結(jié)果表明,保留2.5~3.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間,下部節(jié)位腋芽iP的含量高于上部節(jié)位腋芽,保留4.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間的高留樁則促進(jìn)上部腋芽iP積累,且這一變化與收割后腋芽實(shí)際生長(zhǎng)表現(xiàn)一致;tZR的含量變化顯示下部腋芽中tZR含量要高于上部腋芽,且不同留樁高度下變化趨勢(shì)一致,已有的研究表明,再生季不同節(jié)位腋芽成穗存在差異,隨著生節(jié)位降低穗長(zhǎng)增加[5],可能意味著tZR參與調(diào)控不同節(jié)位腋芽生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育,并與該節(jié)位葉片及穗形成密切相關(guān)。本研究中部分內(nèi)源激素含量變化(如GA、tZR)與所在節(jié)位相關(guān),不受留樁高度影響,其是否與不同節(jié)位腋芽生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育及成穗差異有關(guān)尚需要進(jìn)一步研究。
4 結(jié)" 論
本研究結(jié)果表明,秈粳雜交稻‘甬優(yōu)4949’頭季收割保留2.5~3.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間數(shù),可降低下部腋芽脫落酸、生長(zhǎng)素含量,增加水楊酸、異戊烯腺嘌呤的積累,從而促進(jìn)下部腋芽萌發(fā);與保留4.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間的高留樁相比,頭季收割保留2.5~3.5個(gè)伸長(zhǎng)節(jié)間,再生季平均穗粒數(shù)分別增加了30.70%、6.19%,結(jié)實(shí)率分別提高10.42%、 6.37%,再生季產(chǎn)量分別提升13.37%和9.61%。
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Effect of Stubble Height of Main Crop on Axillary Bud Germination and Yield of ‘Yongyou 4949’ Ratoon Rice
SHAO Caihong1,XIONG Li1,WU Xianqun2,CHEN Hongfei3,"QIU Caifei1,LIN Xiyue2,LIN Wenxiong3, XI Min4,CHEN Xiongfei5,LIU Muhua5" and" LIU Guangrong1
(1.Soil and Fertilizer amp; Resources and Environment Institute,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang330200,China; 2.Chongyi County Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Chongyi" Jiangxi 341300,China;3.Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,F(xiàn)uzhou 350002,China; 4.Rice Research Institute,Anhui Academy of"Agricultural Sciences,Hefei 230031,China;" 5.Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China)
Abstract To" investigate effect of the stubble height of the main crop on the yield formation of ratoon season of ‘Yongyou 4949’ rice,the variations in axillary bud germination,endogenous hormone content,and grain yield in ratoon season under different stubble heights (4.5,3.5,and 2.5 elongated internodes) were examined.The results indicated that the growth of axillary buds at the upper node position was greater than that at the lower node position,and the germination of axillary buds at the lower node position was enhanced by reducing elongated internodes. In terms of endogenous hormone content,the concentrations of abscisic acid,gibberellins,and trans-zeatin riboside in the axillary bud located at the lower node position were significantly,higher compared to those at the upper node position. In contrast,salicylic acid exhibited an opposite trend. Additionally,the IAA content in the axillary bud at the lower node position was lower than that at the upper node position when 2.5 elongated internodes remained,whereas the opposite pattern was observed with 3.5-4.5 elongated internodes remaining. Regarding isopentenyl adenine,a higher content was observed in the axillary bud at the lower node position compared to that at the upper node position when the remaining height was 2.5 and 3.5 elongated internodes. The opposite phenomenon was observed with a remaining height of 4.5 elongated internodes. In conclusion,reducing the cutting height of stubble in the main crop increases levels of endogenous hormone associated with the germination of axillary buds at lower node positions,while decreasing levels of hormone related to the inhibition of axillary bud growth. On the other hand,maintaining a higher cutting height promotes apical dominance and enhances ratooning ability at the upper node position. As a result,there is a 13.37% and 9.61% increase in grain yield with remaining heights of 2.5 and 3.5 elongated internodes,respectively,compared to 4.5 elongated internodes. This increase is attributed to the higher average grain number per spike and seed setting rate during the ratoon season. This study suggests that the germination of axillary buds at different node positions is influenced by the stubble height of the main crop. Therefore,it is recommended to maintain" 2.5 to 3.5 elongated internodes to increase yield during ratoon season by promoting the growth of axillary buds at lower node positions.
Key words Ratoon rice; Stubble height; Axillary bud; Endogenous hormone; Yield
Received" 2023-12-17""" Returned 2024-03-06
Foundation item National Key Ramp;D Program of China(No.2022YFD2301004); Basic Research and Talent Training Project of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(No.JXSNKYJCRC202215).
First author SHAO Caihong,female,Ph. D,research fellow. Research area:crop physiology and molecular ecology. E-mail:dixushao@126.com
Corresponding"" author LIU Guangrong,male,research fellow. Research area:soil fertilizer science and crop cultivation. E-mail:lgrtfs@vip.sina.com(責(zé)任編輯:史亞歌 Responsible editor:SHI Yage)
基金項(xiàng)目:國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃(2022YFD2301004);江西省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院基礎(chǔ)人才項(xiàng)目(JXSNKYJCRC202215)。
第一作者:邵彩虹,女,博士,研究員,主要從事作物生理與分子生態(tài)學(xué)研究。E-mail:dixushao@126.com
通信作者:劉光榮,男,研究員,主要從事土壤肥料與作物栽培研究。E-mail:lgrtfs@vip.sina.com