摘要:目的" 探討IL-13Ra2在肺動(dòng)脈高壓模型大鼠中的診斷和評(píng)估作用。方法" 采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將6~8周齡的無特定病原體(SPF)雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠9只分為對照組(4只)和肺動(dòng)脈高壓組(5只)。使用野百合堿構(gòu)建大鼠肺動(dòng)脈高壓模型,進(jìn)行超聲心動(dòng)圖檢測,同時(shí)收集大鼠的心臟、肺臟、肺動(dòng)脈等組織,進(jìn)行Hamp;E染色和免疫組化。結(jié)果" 超聲心動(dòng)圖可見肺動(dòng)脈高壓組的大鼠心臟室間隔厚度較前增厚,心臟體積較前增大。肺動(dòng)脈高壓組大鼠肺動(dòng)脈壓高于對照組,室間隔厚度較對照組厚,右心室內(nèi)徑較對照組長,但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Pgt;0.05);肺動(dòng)脈高壓組大鼠心臟重量、心體指數(shù)均高于對照組,右心室肥厚指數(shù)與對照組比較未見明顯增高。HE染色可見肺動(dòng)脈高壓組大鼠的肺泡壁增厚、炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤,肺泡結(jié)果明顯變形,肺動(dòng)脈血管壁增厚、平滑肌增生、管腔狹窄甚至閉塞,心肌細(xì)胞排列明顯紊亂、心肌細(xì)胞間隙變窄、心肌細(xì)胞肥大。免疫組化結(jié)果顯示,肺動(dòng)脈高壓組大鼠的肺組織、肺動(dòng)脈、心肌中的IL-13Ra2的表達(dá)量明顯增高。結(jié)論" IL-13Ra2可作為肺動(dòng)脈高壓患者診斷的一種獨(dú)立生物標(biāo)志物。
關(guān)鍵詞:肺動(dòng)脈高壓;IL-13Ra2;生物標(biāo)志物
中圖分類號(hào):R543.2;R544.1" " " " " " " " " " " " " " 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A" " " " " " " " " " " " " "DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2024.15.012
文章編號(hào):1006-1959(2024)15-0058-05
Experimental Study of IL-13Ra2 as an Independent Biomarker
in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Hypertension
Abstract:Objective" To investigate the role of IL-13RA2 in the diagnosis and evaluation of pulmonary hypertension in rats.Methods" Nine specific pathogen free (SPF) male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 6-8 weeks were divided into control group (4 rats) and pulmonary hypertension group (5 rats) by random number table method. The rat model of pulmonary hypertension was constructed by monocrotaline, and echocardiography was performed. At the same time, the heart, lung, pulmonary artery and other tissues of the rats were collected for H amp; E staining and immunohistochemistry.Results" Echocardiography showed that the thickness of ventricular septum in the pulmonary hypertension group was thicker than before, and the heart volume was larger than before. The pulmonary artery pressure of the pulmonary hypertension group was higher than that of the control group, the thickness of the ventricular septum was thicker than that of the control group, and the inner diameter of the right ventricle was longer than that of the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (Pgt;0.05). The heart weight and heart body index of the pulmonary hypertension group were higher than those of the control group, and the right ventricular hypertrophy index was not significantly higher than that of the control group. HE staining showed that the alveolar wall of the rats in the pulmonary hypertension group was thickened, the inflammatory cells were infiltrated, the alveolar results were obviously deformed, the pulmonary artery wall was thickened, the smooth muscle was proliferated, the lumen was narrowed or even occluded, the arrangement of myocardial cells was obviously disordered, the gap between myocardial cells was narrowed, and the myocardial cells were hypertrophic. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of IL-13Ra2 in lung tissue, pulmonary artery and myocardium of rats in pulmonary hypertension group was significantly increased.Conclusion" IL-13Ra2 can be used as an independent biomarker in the diagnosis of patients with pulmonary hypertension.
Key words:Pulmonary hypertension;IL-13Ra2;Biomarkers
肺動(dòng)脈高壓(pulmonary hypertension)是一種以肺血管功能障礙和重塑為特征的慢性肺部疾病,可能由左心疾病、慢性肺病、慢性血栓栓塞、結(jié)締組織病和其他不明病因等引起[1]。右心導(dǎo)管測肺動(dòng)脈壓是診斷肺動(dòng)脈高壓的金標(biāo)準(zhǔn),但其有創(chuàng)性和操作困難性造成了診斷和隨訪的不便。雖然超聲心動(dòng)圖成為了一種替代方法,但容易受一些因素的干擾,目前也少有可靠的生物標(biāo)志物對該病進(jìn)行診斷和隨訪[2,3]。肺動(dòng)脈高壓的診斷的困難常常導(dǎo)致患者容易錯(cuò)過最佳治療,因此急需一種可靠便捷的診斷方法對高危人群進(jìn)行隨訪,以便早期治療,降低患者的死亡率,提高患者的生活質(zhì)量。白細(xì)胞介素-13(interleukin-13, IL-13)系統(tǒng)是一種肺動(dòng)脈平滑肌細(xì)胞生長的調(diào)節(jié)劑,肺血管平滑肌中白細(xì)胞介素-13受體α-2(interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2, IL-13Ra2)表達(dá)的增加可能導(dǎo)致IL-13對肺動(dòng)脈平滑肌細(xì)胞生長控制的喪失,加重肺動(dòng)脈高壓[4]。缺氧、炎癥、氧化應(yīng)激等多種刺激誘發(fā)肺部血管活性介質(zhì)失衡、平滑肌細(xì)胞增殖、血管重塑等,導(dǎo)致肺動(dòng)脈高壓的發(fā)生機(jī)制已被證實(shí)[5,6]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)[7],輔助性T細(xì)胞(Th2細(xì)胞)誘導(dǎo)白細(xì)胞介素-4(interleukin-4, IL-4)和白細(xì)胞介素-13(interleukin-13, IL-13)分泌,可參與肺動(dòng)脈高壓進(jìn)展過程中的血管重塑。因此,IL-13Ra2可能參與炎癥疾病中損傷后修復(fù)過程,引起組織重塑。IL-13Ra2在肺動(dòng)脈高壓診斷中的應(yīng)用有待進(jìn)一步研究。本研究主要探討了IL-13Ra2對肺動(dòng)脈高壓診斷和評(píng)估的作用,旨在為提高肺動(dòng)脈高壓患者的早期診斷率,減少患者的死亡率的研究應(yīng)用提供參考,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1材料與方法
1.1實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物和試劑" 從南京大學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物中心獲得6~8周齡的無特定病原體(SPF)雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠9只。采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將大鼠分為對照組(4只)和肺動(dòng)脈高壓組(5只)。野百合堿購自美國Sigma公司(CAS號(hào):315-22-0,規(guī)格:250 mg/瓶)。所有動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)均經(jīng)鹽城市第一人民醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)的審查和批準(zhǔn)。
1.2方法" 大鼠適應(yīng)性飼養(yǎng)1周,分籠喂養(yǎng),自由飲水,喂養(yǎng)普通飼料。野百合堿結(jié)晶按無水乙醇與0.9%氯化鈉注射液以2∶8配比成1%溶液。肺動(dòng)脈高壓組按60 mg/kg一次性頸背部皮下注射野百合堿溶液,對照組大鼠頸背部皮下注射0.9%氯化鈉注射液1 ml,飼養(yǎng)4周,觀察并記錄各組大鼠一般情況,4周后進(jìn)行測量[8]。
1.2.1大鼠超聲心動(dòng)圖" 使用異氟烷麻醉SD大鼠,采用VEVO-2100小動(dòng)物超聲系統(tǒng)檢測大鼠心臟功能,記錄肺動(dòng)脈壓、室間隔厚度、右室內(nèi)徑、右心室肥厚程度等指標(biāo)。
1.2.2心臟測量" 首先稱量大鼠體重,再完整取出大鼠心臟,稱量整體心臟重量,計(jì)算心體指數(shù)=心臟重量/整體重量,然后剪去左右心房及心耳,在肺動(dòng)脈出口處剪開右心室游離壁組織,其余則為左心室+室間隔組織,沖洗后吸干水分,然后分別稱重,計(jì)算右心肥厚指數(shù)=右心室游離壁重量/(左心室+室間隔組織重量)。
1.2.3蘇木精-伊紅染色(HE染色)和免疫組化" 收集SD大鼠的心臟、肺臟、肺動(dòng)脈等組織,進(jìn)行稱量后,用4%多聚甲醛固定,并包埋在石蠟中,切成5 μm厚的石蠟切片,進(jìn)行HE染色,并用Zeiss Axio Examiner顯微鏡觀察圖像。再將組織切片用5%山羊血清在37 ℃封閉30 min,并與大鼠抗IL-13Ra2抗體1∶200(proteintech, 11059-1-AP)在室溫孵育1.5 h。然后將組織切片與辣根過氧化物酶偶聯(lián)的二抗在室溫下孵育0.5 h。3,3-二氨基聯(lián)苯胺(DAB)用作顯色劑,蘇木精用于復(fù)染,最后用Zeiss Axio Examiner顯微鏡觀察圖像。
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法" 使用GraphPad Prism 8 (La Jolla, CA)軟件和IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,所有數(shù)據(jù)使用(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn)評(píng)估數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,認(rèn)為Plt;0.05差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,Plt;0.01表示統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義顯著。
2結(jié)果
2.1兩組心臟超聲指標(biāo)比較" 使用野百合堿構(gòu)建大鼠肺動(dòng)脈高壓模型。通過超聲心動(dòng)圖可見肺動(dòng)脈高壓組的大鼠心臟室間隔厚度較前增厚,心臟體積較前增大,見圖1A。肺動(dòng)脈高壓組的大鼠肺動(dòng)脈壓為(54.800±2.470)mmHg,高于對照組的(14.760±1.633)mmHg,統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義顯著(Plt;0.01);肺動(dòng)脈高壓組室間隔厚度為(2.660±0.2379)mm,較對照組的(2.100±0.108)mm厚;右心室內(nèi)徑為(6.300±1.315)mm,較對照組的(3.850±0.028 87)mm長,但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Pgt;0.05),見圖1B~圖1D。
2.2兩組心臟測量數(shù)據(jù)比較" 肺動(dòng)脈高壓組的大鼠心臟重量為(2.186±0.1075)g、心體指數(shù)(0.006 651±0.000 234 1)g/g,分別高于對照組的(1.846±0.033 70)g、(0.005 831±0.000 116 7)g/g,肺動(dòng)脈高壓組右心室肥厚指數(shù)為(1.019±0.2654),與對照組的(0.6810±0.032 63)比較,未見明顯增高(圖2A~圖2C)。
2.3肺動(dòng)脈高壓組心肺組織改變" HE染色可見肺動(dòng)脈高壓組大鼠的肺泡壁增厚、炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤,肺泡結(jié)果明顯變形,肺動(dòng)脈血管壁增厚、平滑肌增生、管腔狹窄甚至閉塞,心肌細(xì)胞排列明顯紊亂、心肌細(xì)胞間隙變窄、心肌細(xì)胞肥大(圖3)。
2.4 IL-13Ra2在大鼠肺動(dòng)脈高壓模型中的表達(dá)" 通過免疫組化,肺動(dòng)脈高壓組大鼠的肺組織、肺動(dòng)脈、心肌中的IL-13Ra2的表達(dá)量明顯增高,見圖4。
3討論
肺動(dòng)脈高壓是一種以肺血管重構(gòu)為主要病理特征的疾病,嚴(yán)重危及患者生命,通常以右心導(dǎo)管平均肺動(dòng)脈壓大于20 mmHg為診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[9,10]。右心導(dǎo)管插入術(shù)檢測肺動(dòng)脈壓力是肺動(dòng)脈高壓診斷的金標(biāo)準(zhǔn),但它是一種有創(chuàng)操作,需要操作者有較高的技術(shù)水平,有發(fā)生氣胸、肺動(dòng)脈破裂、感染等并發(fā)癥的可能,且花費(fèi)高,并不適用于長期監(jiān)測[11,12]。超聲心動(dòng)圖也是肺動(dòng)脈高壓患者的一種重要篩查工具,可預(yù)測肺動(dòng)脈壓力,用于評(píng)估患者的治療效果和預(yù)后,但指標(biāo)容易受其它因素的影響[13,14]。也有研究認(rèn)為不同肺動(dòng)脈高壓亞組炎癥介質(zhì)的血漿水平升高,如CXCL9和IL-8可能作為肺動(dòng)脈高壓患者的預(yù)后標(biāo)志物,但目前這些標(biāo)志物很少用于臨床[15,16]。因此,急需尋找一種靈敏的生物標(biāo)志物作為肺動(dòng)脈高壓長期檢測的指標(biāo)。
而IL-13Ra2在肺內(nèi)具有獨(dú)特作用,可參與調(diào)節(jié)IL-13信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo),抑制氣道炎癥、氣道高反應(yīng)性和纖維化,同樣膜IL-13Ra2也在慢性氣道疾病中具有調(diào)節(jié)作用[17,18]。IL-13可調(diào)節(jié)肺動(dòng)脈平滑肌細(xì)胞的增殖,還調(diào)節(jié)杯狀細(xì)胞和上皮細(xì)胞等其他細(xì)胞的增殖,而IL-13Ra2作為IL-13一種誘餌受體可能協(xié)助IL-13發(fā)揮作用[19-21]。IL-13Ra2還可能與幾丁質(zhì)酶3樣蛋白1(CHI3L1)結(jié)合,來控制細(xì)胞凋亡、炎癥小體激活和抗炎癥反應(yīng)[22,23]。炎癥因子誘導(dǎo)炎性細(xì)胞的相互作用導(dǎo)致肺血管收縮和重塑[24,25]。
本研究在野百合堿構(gòu)建的大鼠肺動(dòng)脈高壓模型中證實(shí)了IL-13Ra2在肺組織、肺動(dòng)脈、心肌中表達(dá)明顯增高。因此,IL-13Ra2用于肺動(dòng)脈高壓患者的診斷,可能比心臟重量和右心室肥厚指數(shù)更靈敏。總之,IL-13Ra2可能作為肺動(dòng)脈高壓患者診斷的一種獨(dú)立生物標(biāo)志物。但需要進(jìn)一步探究IL-13Ra2對肺動(dòng)脈高壓患者病情長期監(jiān)測的作用。但這一推斷需要進(jìn)一步收集更多的不同嚴(yán)重程度的肺動(dòng)脈高壓患者的血清和臨床資料進(jìn)行分析。
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