In Portrait of Fritza Riedler, the treatment of the women’s white dresses is very close, as are the geometrical blocks of colour in the background. Fritza Riedler, however, is seated, and here Gustav Klimt has let his imagination take over. The armchair in which she sits—perfectly realistic in the preparatory drawings—has virtually disappeared, becoming a two-dimensional outline filled in with gold and silver eye-shaped motifs. The gold and silver are picked up by the small squares dotted across the background wall.
在《弗里扎·里德勒肖像》中,女子的白色連衣裙畫得非常密實(shí)貼合,背景中的幾何色塊也是如此。不過,所畫對象弗里扎·里德勒是坐姿,古斯塔夫·克里姆特對此做了頗富想象的處理。里德勒所坐的扶手椅——在素描草圖中還逼真呈現(xiàn)了——這里其實(shí)已看不到,而是變成了一個(gè)二維輪廓,輪廓中填滿了金色和銀色的眼狀圖案。整面背景墻上星星點(diǎn)點(diǎn)地綴著些金色和銀色的小方塊。
As in the portrait of Margaret Stonborough-Wittgenstein, Klimt has placed a roughly semicircular shape behind Frieda’s head. This serves to frame and draw attention to her face, in the same way that Tissot1 places Miss Lloyd in a doorway.
克里姆特在弗里扎的頭后畫了一個(gè)大致半圓形的圖案,他在為瑪格麗特·斯通伯勒-維特根斯坦畫像時(shí)也有過類似處理。這可以突出人物臉部并將觀者的注意力吸引過來——天梭在為勞埃德小姐畫像時(shí)將人物設(shè)置在了門口,這是一樣的道理。
However, the mosaic-like semicircular decoration in the Portrait of Fritza Riedler is more complicated than in the earlier work, and would appear to derive from two sources: Diego Velázquez2 and Egyptian art. There is a portrait of Queen Mariana 8EcvK1ub46gVI0KlwE6tfqUfsaqjwsEuSP+hEOPvxZU=of Austria3, ascribed to Velázquez, in the collection of the Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien and the queen’s hair is elaborately coiffured with braids and beads in the same shape as in Klimt’s portrait. Klimt may also have been inspired by his study of the ancient Egyptian art in Vienna’s museums. Whereas the Nemes, the best known pharaonic headdress, is a rectangular blue and gold striped fabric. The form of the Nemes comes from the Egyptian lion’s mane.
不過,《弗里扎·里德勒肖像》中的鑲嵌式半圓形裝飾比瑪格麗特肖像中的更復(fù)雜,這種飾樣似乎源自兩方面的影響:其一是迭戈·委拉斯開茲,其二是埃及藝術(shù)。維也納藝術(shù)史博物館藏有委拉斯開茲為來自奧地利的瑪麗安娜王后所畫的一幅肖像,畫中王后的頭發(fā)被精心編成串上珠子的發(fā)辮,整體形狀與克里姆特所畫的這幅肖像中的樣式一樣??死锬诽卦鴧⒂^過維也納的不少博物館,研究館藏的古埃及藝術(shù)品,這或許也對他有所啟發(fā)。只是,埃及法老最著名的頭飾——內(nèi)梅什王巾——是藍(lán)金條紋相間的長方形織物。內(nèi)梅什王巾的形狀模仿自埃及獅鬃。
1指James Tissot 詹姆斯·天梭(1836—1902),本名雅克-約瑟夫·天梭(Jacques-Joseph Tissot),法國畫家和插畫家,擅長描繪時(shí)尚女性和《圣經(jīng)》人物。
2(1599—1660),西班牙畫家,西班牙藝術(shù)黃金時(shí)代的領(lǐng)軍人物,對后世畫家及印象派影響很大。1624年,委拉斯開茲受西班牙國王腓力四世青睞,成為國王和王后的御用畫家,開始在宮廷供職直至去世。其最著名的作品是《宮娥》和《紡紗女》。 3委拉斯開茲為瑪麗安娜王后創(chuàng)作的肖像有三版,大同小異,除了維也納的藏品,其他的收藏在西班牙馬德里的普拉多博物館,該館是世界上保有委拉斯開茲作品最多的博物館。