韌性視角下的綠色基礎設施

當前，國際組織尤其是以聯(lián)合國人居署（UN-Habitat）、環(huán)境署（UNEP）、糧食及農業(yè)組織（FAO）與開發(fā)計劃署（UNDP）為代表的工作框架中，提出了治理、管理、空間實踐、數(shù)據(jù)科學與金融各個領域的協(xié)同支持開展。中國的綠色基礎設施（Green Infrastructure，GI）研究主要聚焦國土空間規(guī)劃背景下管控土地利用并引導新的城鄉(xiāng)結構、挖掘生態(tài)系統(tǒng)復雜性和多樣性，同時，強調其在存量更新中微觀及中觀層面的社會性和地方性。綠色基礎設施作為支撐人類社會與自然的“綠色生命支持系統(tǒng)”，與傳統(tǒng)綠色空間相比，更注重對自然與半自然要素的多尺度審視，強調尺度分類、多功能效益與網(wǎng)絡建設，可引導各生態(tài)規(guī)劃協(xié)同開展。

早在19世紀50年代，綠色基礎設施概念起源于綠地規(guī)劃，旨在為社會提供多種功能和效益的開放空間完整網(wǎng)絡。20世紀90年代初，查爾斯·利特爾首次明確定義綠色基礎設施為“綠道系統(tǒng)的擴展”和“全新的基礎設施類別”，將綠色基礎設施概念正式引入公眾視野。至今，雖然在不同的國家、地區(qū)和學科中，對于綠色基礎設施的理解不盡相同，但綠色基礎設施的概念反映了城市發(fā)展中從環(huán)境質量到生態(tài)效益綜合理解的動態(tài)過程。綠色基礎設施肩負著提升生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務與穩(wěn)定性，應對全球氣候變化等環(huán)境風險的重要任務，在經(jīng)歷擾動的同時保持適應壓力和變化的韌性能力，成為國際和地區(qū)間探索生態(tài)空間治理的共同語境之一。

本期專題“綠色基礎設施韌性研究的國際經(jīng)驗”，聚焦于綠色基礎設施韌性研究的國際化視角與合作，總結了近年在綜合治理、規(guī)劃技術和管理運維等方面的研究進展。基于調節(jié)、供給、文化三大生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務類型，選取評估生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務供需權衡的指標和對應權重，構建了鄉(xiāng)村生態(tài)空間規(guī)劃場景下的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務價值評測模型及優(yōu)化方向；梳理布達佩斯綠色基礎設施規(guī)劃發(fā)展脈絡，闡述了其現(xiàn)有綠色空間及自然資源的調查分析與分類實施管理及啟示等；探討基于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的防災減災（Eco-DRR）的基本概念，及其在日本防災減災研究實踐中的發(fā)展歷程，從抑制危險自然現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生、避免風險暴露性和減少脆弱性方面形成了工作機制；剖析了拉丁美洲的安第斯山脈地區(qū)城市化進程，以及當代高山人居如何通過與傳統(tǒng)智慧、社區(qū)內外的多元主體、以及知識生產(chǎn)和轉化過程中的多維合作，推動綠基體系應對人地和城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展的不平衡；聯(lián)合國視角的景觀干預過程中整合生態(tài)—社會—經(jīng)濟維度，促進協(xié)同發(fā)展，并建議中國在景觀治理領域行動策略，從而有效參與到全球生態(tài)治理中。

中國正處在國土空間規(guī)劃體系深化改革的關鍵時期，且在綠色基礎設施韌性的國際合作研究中，扮演著越來越重要的角色，本期研討立足國際視野，不僅為借鑒國際經(jīng)驗的中國學術研究提供素材，也為開展全球科研合作打開窗口。

2024年2月4日

Green Infrastructure from a Resilience Perspective

Currently, international organizations, especially those represented by theUnited Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), Environment Programme(UNEP), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), have proposed synergistic support for governance, management, spatial practice, data science and finance in their work frameworks.Green Infrastructure (GI) research in China focuses on controlling land use and guiding new urban and rural structures in the context of territorial spatial planning, tapping into the complexity and diversity of ecosystems, and at the same time emphasizes its social and local nature at the micro and meso levels of stock renewal.As a “green life support system” supporting human society and nature, green infrastructure, compared with traditional green space, focuses more on the multi-scale examination of natural and semi-natural elements, emphasizes scale classification, multi-functional benefits and network construction, and can guide the synergistic development of various ecological plans.

As early as the 1850s, the concept of green infrastructure originated in green space planning to provide society with a complete network of open spaces with multiple functions and benefits.In the early 1990s, Charles Little introduced the concept of green infrastructure to the public by explicitly defining it for the first time as “an extension of the greenway system” and “a whole new category of infrastructure”.To date, although the understanding of green infrastructure varies across countries,regions and disciplines, the concept of green infrastructure reflects the dynamic process of urban development from environmental quality to a comprehensive understanding of eco-efficiency.Green infrastructure shoulders the important tasks of enhancing ecosystem services and stability, responding to environmental risks such as global climate change, and maintaining the resilience capacity to adapt to pressures and changes while experiencing perturbations, and has become one of the common contexts for exploring ecological spatial governance at the international and regional levels.

The topic of this issue, “International Experience in Research on Resilience of Green Infrastructure”, focuses on international perspectives and cooperation in green infrastructure resilience research, and summarizes the research progress in integrated governance, planning technology and management and operation and maintenance in recent years.Based on the three major ecosystem service types of regulation,provisioning and culture, the indicators and corresponding weights for assessing the trade-off between supply and demand of ecosystem services were selected, and the ecosystem service value assessment model and optimization direction under the rural ecological spatial planning scenario were constructed; The development lineage of green infrastructure planning in Budapest was sorted out, and the investigation and analysis of the existing green space and natural resources and the management of its categorized implementation and revelation, etc.were elaborated; The basic concept of Eco-DRR and its development process in disaster prevention and reduction research practice in Japan were explored, and a working mechanism in terms of suppressing the occurrence of hazardous natural phenomena, avoiding risk-exposedness and reducing vulnerability was formed; the urbanization process in the Andes region of Latin America, as well as how contemporary high-altitude human settlements promote the green base system to address the imbalance of human land and urban-rural development through various measures were analyzed; The ecological, social, and economic dimensions of landscape intervention from the perspective of the United Nations were integrated, and the China’s action strategies in the field of landscape governance were proposed, so as to effectively participate in global ecological governance.

China is in a critical period of deepening reform of its spatial planning system,and is playing an increasingly important role in international cooperative research on the resilience of green infrastructure.This issue is based on an international perspective, which not only provides material for Chinese academic research based on international experience, but also opens a window for global research cooperation.

February 4th, 2024