英文摘要

Abstracts

Chinese?Modernization：?New?Phases?and?Emerging?Opportunities

CHEN?Dongxiao，?MAO?Ruipeng，?and?WANG?Yuzhu

Abstract：?Talk?of?Chinese?economic?woes?and?possible?collapse?has?resurfaced?in?recent?years，?reflecting?the?West’s?flawed?understanding?of?China’s?development?advantages?amid?worldwide?changes.?As?a?result，?many?Westerners?are?unable?to?identify?and?utilize?emerging?strategic?opportunities?as?China?has?entered?a?new?phase?of?its?modernization.?Historically?speaking，?transitions?from?an?old?international?system?to?a?new?one?present?a?dual?opportunity：?colonial?and?hegemonic?orders?are?giving?way?to?a?more?just?and?reasonable?order;?and?China’s?modernization?amid?a?world?that?is?more?globalized，?diversified， and?democratic?has?increased?Beijing’s?ability?to?shape?its?environment.?From?a?spatial?perspective，?as?technological?and?industrial?revolutions?accelerate，?Beijing’s?recent?drive?to?promote?a?more?open?economy?also?presents?unprecedented?opportunities?for?the?outside?world：?a?huge?domestic?market，?upgraded?productive?capacity，?extensive?rail?networks，?growing?digital?trade，?and?fast?green?transitions.?In?terms?of?state-to-state?relations，?Beijing?pushes?the?vision?of?humanity?as?a?community?of?shared?future?in?a?bid?to?overcome?the?age-old?logic?of?power?politics，?focusing?on?joint?efforts?at?institutional?innovation?and?reform?to?promote?international?stability?and?effective?global?governance.

Keywords：?Chinese?modernization，?new?strategic?opportunities，?international?system，?open?economy，?new?types?of?international?relations

Global?Structure，?Policy?Choices，?and?the?Future?of?China-U.S.?Relations

SONG?Guoyou

Abstract：?The?trajectory?of?China-U.S.?relations?is?pivotal?for?the?future?international?order.?Rooted?in?the?perspective?of?structural?realism，?there?is?a?viewpoint?anticipating?an?inevitable?path?toward?conflict?and?war?between?China?and?the?United?States.?Through?a?detailed?analysis?of?the?structural?starting?point?of?China?and?the?United?States，?this?study?reveals?distinctive?features?in?their?relations?concerning?the?economy，?security，?ideology，?and?global?issues，?which?set?it?apart?from?the?dynamics?of?the?“new?cold?war”.?In?essence，?the?economic?structure?is?oriented?toward?development，?the?security?environment?emphasizes?peace，?ideology?embraces?inclusivity，?and?addressing?global?challenges?leans?towards?cooperation.?Commencing?from?a?specific?structural?standpoint，?prioritizing?peaceful?coexistence?and?mutually?beneficial?cooperation?emerges?as?the?optimal?choice，?while?the?route?towards?conflict?and?war?is?acknowledged?as?excessively?costly.?Nevertheless，?the?sustained?effectiveness?of?a?specific?structure?hinges?on?the?policy?choices?made?by?both?China?and?the?United?States.?In?a?broader?context，?both?governments?are?proactively?managing?differences?and?fostering?cooperation，?thereby?averting?a?descent?into?a?“new?cold?war”.?Regardless?of?potential?shifts?in?U.S.?policy?toward?China，?China?is?urged?to?adopt?a?proactive?role?in?shaping?bilateral?relations.?This?involves?fortifying?the?structural?processes?that?favor?development，?peace，?and?diversity，?amplifying?the?peaceful，?mutually?beneficial，?and?stable?aspects?of?the?structure，?and?leveraging?its?power?to?curb?any?inclination?towards?a?“new?cold?war”?against?China.

Keywords：?structural?realism，?structural?starting?point，?China-U.S.?relations，?new?cold?war

Consensus?and?Differences?between?Two?Parties：?U.S.?Competition?Policy?to?China

SU?Liuqiang

Abstract：?Both?the?Trump?administration?and?the?Biden?administration?implement?strategic?competition?policy?to?China.?This?shows?that?the?two?Parties?in?the?United?States?have?reached?a?basic?consensus?on?their?China?policies.?Both?regard?China?as?the?“primary?threat?and?biggest?opponent，”?abrogating?the?past?“engagement?policy”?and?adopting?a?competition-oriented?China?policy.?Although?the?two?Parties?in?the?United?States?have?reached?a?consensus，?there?are?differences?in?the?degree?of?toughness，?policy?objectives，?competition?intensity，?and?willingness?to?cooperate?with?China.?The?key?difference?between?the?two?Parties’?China?policies?is?that?the?Democrats?are?trying?to?manage?its?competition?with?China?to?ensure?it?won’t?spin?out?of?control，?while?the?Republicans?are?calling?for?a?more?intense?competition?with?China?and?are?more?tolerant?of?a?“new?cold?war”?with?China.?The?differences?are?not?only?the?deep-seated?reasons?for?the?differences?in?interest?groups?and?values?behind?the?two?Parties，?but?also?the?factors?for?the?differences?in?the?level?of?exchanges?between?the?policy?elites?of?the?two?Parties?with?China.?In?the?future，?the?differences?between?the?two?Parties’?China?policies?will?continue?to?exist，?and?there?is?also?the?possibility?of?convergence?and?evolution.?China?should?respond?actively，?try?its?best?to?contain?the?negative?tendency?of?the?Republican?Party’s?China?strategy，?and?promote?the?healthy?and?stable?development?of?China-U.S.?relations.

Keywords：?China-U.S.?relations，?two?Parties?of?the?United?States，?consensus，?key?differences，?strategic?competition

Cyberspace?and?Hegemony?Maintenance：?The?Evolution?and?Driving?Mechanisms?of?U.S.?National?Cybersecurity?Strategies

GONG?Yunmu

Abstract：?In?March?2023，?the?Biden?administration?released?its?National?Cybersecurity?Strategy，?the?fourth?cybersecurity?strategy?document?published?by?the?U.S.?federal?government?over?the?past?two?decades.?As?a?country?possessing?asymmetric?technological?advantages?and?a?dominant?position?in?cyberspace，?the?United?States?has?enshrined?maintaining?cyber?hegemony?as?its?chief?goal.?From?the?Bush?administration?to?the?Trump?administration，?and?now?under?the?Biden?administration，?U.S.?strategic?objectives?in?cyberspace?have?evolved?from?domestic?control?and?international?shaping?to?unilateral?maintenance?and?multilateral?out-competing.?The?strategic?choices?for?cybersecurity?have?also?undergone?four?developmental?stages：?homeland?defense，?cyber?deterrence，?offensive?actions，?and?comprehensive?containment.?The?successive?national?cybersecurity?strategies?released?by?the?U.S.?government?demonstrate?certain?continuities?as?well?as?significant?differences，?reflecting?evolution?in?U.S.?perception?regarding?cyberspace，?its?own?power?status，?and?security?threats.?With?the?change?in?its?relative?comprehensive?strength，?the?United?States?has?undergone?a?major?shift?in?its?understanding?of?the?external?environment，?including?a?changing?perception?of?cyber?threats.?Driven?by?geopolitical?factors?and?the?securitization?process?in?cyberspace，?U.S.?strategic?narratives?regarding?cybersecurity?have?also?changed，?becoming?the?primary?mechanisms?driving?U.S.?national?cybersecurity?strategy.?This?in?turn?intensifies?the?securitization?and?ideologization?of?cyberspace.

Keywords：?the?United?States，?National?Cybersecurity?Strategy，?hegemony?maintenance，?threat?perception，?strategic?narrative

“Three?Initiatives”?and?China’s?Diplomacy?in?Central?Asian?in?the?New?Era

ZENG?Xianghong?and?WANG?Zihan

Abstract：?Since?2021，?President?Xi?Jinping?has?put?forward?three?global?initiatives：?the?Global?Development?Initiative，?the?Global?Security?Initiative，?and?the?Global?Civilization?Initiative.?These?initiatives?not?only?provide?crucial?solutions?to?global?challenges?but?also?offer?theoretical?support?and?strategic?guidance?for?China’s?diplomatic?endeavors?in?Central?Asia.?China?and?the?five?Central?Asian?countries?are?good?neighbors，?good?friends，?good?partners，?and?good?brothers?who?share?the?same?destiny.?Over?the?past?three?decades，?China’s?diplomatic?relations?with?Central?Asia?have?achieved?remarkable?success.?Presently，?China?should?advance?the?Global?Development?Initiative?to?promote?common?development?between?China?and?the?Central?Asian?countries;?promote?the?Global?Security?Initiative?to?achieve?common?security?between?China?and?the?Central?Asian?countries;?and?pursue?the?Global?Civilization?Initiative?to?enhance?people-to-people?bonds?and?mutual?learning?among?civilizations?between?China?and?the?Central?Asian?countries，?so?as?to?build?a?China-Central?Asia?community?with?a?shared?future?featuring?mutual?assistance，?common?development，?universal?security，?and?everlasting?friendship.

Keywords：?Global?Development?Initiative，?Global?Security?Initiative，?Global?Civilization?Initiative，?Diplomacy?in?Central?Asian

Security?Order?Transition?in?East?Asia?and?China’s?Regional?Strategic?Choices

WU?Lin

Abstract：?Since?the?end?of?the?Cold?War，?the?security?order?in?East?Asia?has?undergone?three?phases?of?transformation.?It?shifted?from?a?hegemonic?order?characterized?by?the?strengthening?of?the?Japan-U.S.?alliance?and?the?firm?control?of?regional?security?leadership?by?the?United?States?to?a?composite?order?where?East?Asian?cooperation?thrived.?This?composite?order?allowed?the?U.S.?alliance?system?to?maintain?dominance?while?simultaneously?permitting?the?compatible?development?of?East?Asian?cooperation.?The?latest?transition，?observed?since?2017，?involves?the?transformation?of?the?U.S.?alliance?system，?impacting?the?competitive?order?of?East?Asian?cooperation.?China?has?played?a?direct?role?in?shaping?the?shifts?in?East?Asian?security?order.?By?managing?China-U.S.?relations，?orchestrating?a?peaceful?power?shift，?fostering?regional?political?trust，?constructing?new?economic?relations?to?drive?new?security?dynamics，?and?facilitating?the?peaceful?resolution?of?disputes?while?shaping?multilateral?governance?for?regional?security，?China?has?gradually?established?its?regional?role?and?strategy?across?the?dimensions?of?power，?relations，?and?governance.?To?prevent?the?further?slide?of?the?competitive?security?order?toward?confrontation?and?conflict，?China?should?prioritize?the?fundamental?objective?of?reconstructing?order?stability.?While?maintaining?its?strategic?sustainability，?China?should?enhance?the?development?of?a?new?security?framework?and?concentrate?on?key?cooperation?directions?within?the?Global?Security?Initiative?（GSI）.?It?is?crucial?to?innovate?and?provide?regional?public?goods，?thereby?accumulating?momentum?for?the?long-term?vision?of?transitioning?East?Asia?from?a?competitive?order?to?an?inclusive?one.

Keywords：?East?Asian?security?order，?U.S.?alliance?system，?East?Asian?regional?cooperation，?Global?Security?Initiative

Locked?Fragile?Statehood：?Hybrid?Security?Provision?and?the?Dilemma?of?National?Security?Capacity?Building?in?Sub-Saharan?Africa

LI?Yincai

Abstract：?Due?to?the?absence?or?ineffectiveness?of?national?security?mechanisms，?the?security?provision?in?sub-Saharan?Africa?appears?to?be?localized，?socialized，?commercialized，?and?externalized.?Non-state?actors?within?a?state?and?transnational?actors?from?outside?are?grouped?in?different?times?and?places.?Security?provision?is?not?from?a?single?one?with?top-down?centralized?features，?but?a?fragmented?and?“multiple?hybrid”?pattern?in?which?multiple?security?entities?are?complementary?and?competitive.?In?this?landscape，?it?is?difficult?to?distinguish?clearly?between?“state”?and?“non-state，”?“formal”?and?“informal，”?“modern”?and?“traditional，”?as?they?overlap?and?interweave?together.?The?localized，?socialized，?commercialized，?and?externalized?trend?has?caused?national?security?capabilities?to?be?firmly?tied?up，?and?the?entire?security?building?has?been?“involved”，?so?that?the?status?of?a?“fragile?state”?has?been?“l(fā)ocked.”?For?the?lack?of?sufficient?impetus?for?nationalization，?the?current?“multiple?hybrid”?pattern?is?difficult?to?surpass，?and?is?likely?to?be?long-term.?As?a?global?security?depression，?there?is?huge?space?for?security?cooperation?between?China?and?this?region.?China?can?start?from?both?conceptual?innovation?and?practical?operations?to?promote?the?implementation?of?the?“Global?Security?Initiative.”

Keywords：?sub-Saharan?Africa，?security?provision，?“multiple?hybrid”?Pattern，?capacity?building，?Global?Security?Initiative

How?Can?Periphery?Countries?Successfully?Shape?International?Norms：?An?Analysis?Based?on?the?Latin?American?Countries’?Experience

DONG?Qingqing

Abstract：?The?contemporary?international?order?is?predominantly?shaped?by?core?countries?in?the?international?system，?such?as?the?United?States?and?European?nations.?Countries?located?at?the?periphery?are?not?merely?recipients?of?Western?norms;?they?actively?participate?in?shaping?the?international?normative?order.?This?study?examines?the?moral?and?power?logics?within?their?norm-shaping?paths?to?explore?the?conditions?under?which?peripheral?countries?can?successfully?shape?international?norms.?The?analysis?focuses?on?cases?of?Latin?American?countries， as?typical?peripheral?nations，?participating?in?shaping?norms?related?to?sustainable?development?goals，?food?sovereignty，?and?drug?governance.?It?aims?to?answer?how?weaker?actors?successfully?advocate?norms?and?engage?in?shaping?the?international?order.?For?periphery?countries，?the?ability?to?activate?the?moral?logic?of?norms?and?propose?normative?content?resonating?with?a?broader?group?of?developing?countries?plays?a?decisive?role?in?the?formation?of?international?norms.?The?attitude?of?core?countries?has?a?regulatory?effect?on?the?strength?of?international?norms.?Peripheral?countries?can?use?learning?mechanisms，?actively?engaging?in?rule?innovation?within?international?organizations，?to?drive?a?shift?in?the?existing?ideologies?of?core?countries.

Keywords：?international?order，?norm?shaping，?periphery?countries，?Latin?American?diplomacy