[摘要] 目的
探討發(fā)生重癥急性胰腺炎(SAP)時(shí)5-羥色胺(5-HT)在腸黏膜屏障損傷中的作用。
方法 將大鼠隨機(jī)分為假手術(shù)組(SO組)、模型組(SAP組)和干預(yù)組(SAP+對(duì)氯苯丙氨酸(PCPA)組),每組10只。通過膽胰管內(nèi)注射50 g/L?;悄懰徕c誘導(dǎo)SAP大鼠模型。SAP大鼠模型構(gòu)建后24 h時(shí)檢測各組大鼠血清脂肪酶、淀粉酶、腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)、白細(xì)胞介素-6(IL-6)、5-HT水平以及回腸組織5-HT含量,采用蘇木精-伊紅染色評(píng)估胰腺和回腸的形態(tài)學(xué)變化,采用Western blot方法和免疫熒光技術(shù)檢測回腸組織緊密連接蛋白(occludin、claudin-1和ZO-1)的表達(dá)。
結(jié)果 SAP組大鼠的血清脂肪酶、淀粉酶、TNF-α、IL-6水平以及回腸組織5-HT含量較SO組明顯增高,SAP+PCPA組上述指標(biāo)較SAP組明顯下降(F=34.54~479.90,P<0.01)。各組胰腺和腸道損傷病理評(píng)分比較,SAP組明顯高于SO組,SAP+PCPA組顯著低于SAP組(F=207.80、33.69,P<0.01)。SAP組回腸組織中occludin、claudin-1和ZO-1蛋白的表達(dá)較SO組顯著減少,SAP+PCPA組上述蛋白的表達(dá)較SAP組顯著升高,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=10.29~23.63,P<0.01)。
結(jié)論 SAP發(fā)生時(shí)抑制腸道5-HT的產(chǎn)生可以減輕腸黏膜屏障損傷。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 血清素;胰腺炎;腸黏膜;緊密連接部
[中圖分類號(hào)] R971.9;R576.1
[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼] A
[文章編號(hào)] 2096-5532(2024)05-0653-05
doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2024.60.147
[網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版] https://link.cnki.net/urlid/37.1517.R.20241029.1619.001;2024-10-30 13:59:21
The role of 5-HT in intestinal mucosal barrier injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis
WEI Zhongran, LI Tianqi, LI Hongbo, JIANG Yingjian, DU Junjie
(Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266071, China)
[Abstract]Objective To investigate the role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in intestinal mucosal barrier injury in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).
Methods Rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group (SO group), model group (SAP group), intervention group (SAP+ p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) group), with 10 rats in each group. A rat model of SAP was induced by injecting 50 g/L sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct. At 24 h after the construction of the rat model of SAP, each group of rats was tested for the levels of serum lipase, amylase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and 5-HT and the content of 5-HT in the ileal tissue. Morphological changes inthe pancreas and small intestine were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Western blot and immunofluorescence techniques were used to determine the expression of tight junction proteins (occludin, claudin-1, and ZO-1) in the ileal tissue.
Results Compared with the SO group, the SAP group had significantly increased levels of serum lipase, amylase, TNF-α, and IL-6 and content of 5-HT in the ileal tissue. Compared with the SAP group, the SAP+PCPA group had significant reductions in the above indices (F=34.54-479.90,Plt;0.01). The pathological scores of pancreatic and intestinal injury were significantly higher in the SAP group than in the SO group and were significantly lo-
wer in the SAP+PCPA group than in the SAP group (F=207.80,33.69,Plt;0.01). Meanwhile, the protein expression of occludin, claudin-1, and ZO-1 was significantly lower in the SAP group than in the SO group and was significantly higher in the SAP+PCPA group than in the SAP group (F=10.29-23.63,Plt;0.01).
Conclusion The production of intestinal 5-HT is inhibited during the development of SAP, which can reduce the intestinal mucosal barrier injury.
[Key words] serotonin; pancreatitis; intestinal mucosa; tight junctions
重癥急性胰腺炎(SAP)是一種起病快、病死率高的嚴(yán)重疾?。?-2]。它常發(fā)生多種并發(fā)癥[3-4]。感染是SAP病人晚期死亡的主要原因[5-6]。已經(jīng)證實(shí),腸黏膜通透性增加導(dǎo)致的細(xì)菌易位(BT),是SAP敗血癥和全身感染的主要來源方式[7-10]。而腸黏膜屏障的緊密連接(TJ)在調(diào)節(jié)腸黏膜屏障功能中起著重要作用[11-12]。5-羥色胺(5-HT)作為一種典型的神經(jīng)遞質(zhì),在整個(gè)腸道的生理活動(dòng)中發(fā)揮著重要作用[13-14]。SAP引起腸黏膜損傷的過程極其復(fù)雜,其機(jī)制尚未完全闡明。但是目前的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在SAP引起的腸黏膜損傷中存在嚴(yán)重氧化應(yīng)激、活性氧(ROS)代謝產(chǎn)物增多等現(xiàn)象,并伴有腸上皮細(xì)胞凋亡、鐵死亡的發(fā)生[15-19]。近年來有研究表明,內(nèi)源性5-HT在腸道的釋放可以加重小鼠胰腺炎的進(jìn)展[20]。在其他胃腸疾病研究中也發(fā)現(xiàn),抑制5-HT的合成可以保護(hù)腸黏膜屏障[21-22]。但目前尚無5-HT在SAP大鼠腸道TJ屏障損傷中作用的相關(guān)研究,因此本實(shí)驗(yàn)利用5-HT合成抑制劑對(duì)氯苯丙氨酸(PCPA)來探究5-HT在SAP大鼠腸黏膜屏障損傷中的作用。
1 材料和方法
1.1 動(dòng)物分組及處理
實(shí)驗(yàn)選用30只7周齡健康雄性Wistar大鼠(購自青島大學(xué)動(dòng)物中心),體質(zhì)量220~280 g,在實(shí)驗(yàn)室適應(yīng)性飼養(yǎng)3周。所有大鼠飼養(yǎng)于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溫度(25±2)℃、相對(duì)濕度50%~70%、12 h明暗循環(huán)的環(huán)境中,可自由進(jìn)食和飲水。將大鼠隨機(jī)分為假手術(shù)組(SO組,A組)、模型組(SAP組,B組)和干預(yù)組(SAP+PCPA組,C組),每組10只。SAP大鼠模型建立按照文獻(xiàn)方法[23]。干預(yù)組大鼠在SAP誘導(dǎo)前24 h腹腔注射PCPA(200 mg/kg)。所有實(shí)驗(yàn)方案均符合美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院《實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物指南》的要求,并經(jīng)青島大學(xué)動(dòng)物倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。
1.2 樣本采集
各組大鼠在SAP誘導(dǎo)24 h后再次麻醉,穿刺下腔靜脈采集血樣,離心獲得血清,-80 ℃保存待測。大鼠實(shí)施安樂死,采集其胰腺和回腸末端組織,立即將一部分組織固定于40 g/L多聚甲醛中用于制備組織切片,其余組織保存于-80 ℃作進(jìn)一步檢測分析。
1.3 生化和酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)檢測
使用自動(dòng)化生化分析儀(Olympus公司)測定血清淀粉酶和脂肪酶水平;腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)、白細(xì)胞介素-6(IL-6)、5-HT的血清濃度和回腸組織5-HT含量使用市售標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化診斷試劑盒(建成生物技術(shù)),按照試劑盒說明書進(jìn)行測定。
1.4 胰腺和腸道組織病理觀察
各組大鼠胰腺和回腸組織經(jīng)固定、石蠟包埋、切片后,行蘇木精-伊紅(HE)染色,在光鏡下觀察。由兩名病理醫(yī)師根據(jù)有關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行獨(dú)立的病理評(píng)分[19]。
1.5 Western blot方法檢測大鼠回腸組織TJ蛋白的表達(dá)
按照文獻(xiàn)的方法進(jìn)行檢測[23],所用occludin、claudin-1以及ZO-1蛋白兔抗體購于三鷹公司,β-actin蛋白兔抗體購于Abways公司。利用Image J軟件進(jìn)行灰度值分析,以β-actin蛋白為內(nèi)參計(jì)算各目的蛋白的表達(dá)水平,最后以SO組為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化處理。
1.6 免疫熒光染色觀察回腸組織TJ蛋白的表達(dá)
按照文獻(xiàn)方法進(jìn)行免疫熒光染色[23],在熒光顯微鏡下觀察大鼠回腸組織中occludin、claudin-1和ZO-1蛋白的表達(dá)。
1.7 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
采用GraphPad Prism 8軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量數(shù)據(jù)以±s表示,多組比較采用單因素方差分析和Bonferroni檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié) "果
2.1 各組有關(guān)生化指標(biāo)的比較
SAP組大鼠的血清脂肪酶、淀粉酶、TNF-α、IL-6水平以及回腸組織5-HT含量較SO組明顯增高,SAP+PCPA組上述指標(biāo)較SAP組明顯下降,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=34.54~479.90,P<0.01);各組血清5-HT水平比較差異無顯著性(P>0.05)。見表1。
2.2 各組胰腺和腸道組織病理學(xué)比較
SO組大鼠胰腺及回腸組織未見明顯損傷;SAP組和SAP+PCPA組大鼠胰腺組織出現(xiàn)出血和脂肪壞死,間質(zhì)水腫,小葉結(jié)構(gòu)紊亂,腺泡細(xì)胞廣泛壞死,炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤。見圖1。各組大鼠胰腺和腸道損傷病理評(píng)分比較,SAP組明顯高于SO組,SAP+PCPA組顯著低于SAP組(F=207.80、33.69,P<0.01)。見表2。
2.3 各組TJ蛋白表達(dá)的比較
Western blot檢測結(jié)果顯示,SAP組回腸組織中occludin、claudin-1和ZO-1蛋白的表達(dá)較SO組顯著減少,SAP+PCPA組上述蛋白的表達(dá)較SAP組顯著升高,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=10.29~23.63,P<0.01)。見圖2、表3。免疫熒光染色結(jié)果顯示,與SO組相比,SAP組和SAP+PCPA組TJ蛋白表達(dá)水平明顯降低,而SAP+PCPA組TJ蛋白表達(dá)水平明顯高于SAP組,與Western blot檢測結(jié)果一致。見圖3。
3 討 "論
SAP是一種發(fā)病急、并發(fā)癥多、病死率高的急型的神經(jīng)遞質(zhì),在整個(gè)腸道的生理活動(dòng)中發(fā)揮著重要作用,但其在SAP引起的腸黏膜損傷中的作用機(jī)制尚未完全闡明,故本實(shí)驗(yàn)利用5-HT合成抑制劑PCPA的干預(yù)對(duì)此進(jìn)行了探究。
PCPA可以抑制5-HT合成反應(yīng)中的限速酶色氨酸羥化酶,進(jìn)而降低腸道5-HT濃度。有研究表明,腸道內(nèi)源性釋放的5-HT能激活5-HT2A受體,促進(jìn)胰腺炎小鼠炎癥的進(jìn)展,并加重小鼠胰腺的損傷[20]。之前有研究已證明,SAP大鼠模型的炎癥在24 h內(nèi)是持續(xù)進(jìn)展的[19],因此本實(shí)驗(yàn)選擇在SAP模型建立24 h后收集樣本進(jìn)行研究。本研究結(jié)果顯示,SAP大鼠腸道組織中5-HT含量較SO組顯
著升高,證明發(fā)生SAP時(shí)腸道中的5-HT產(chǎn)生和釋放會(huì)明顯增加,這與之前的研究結(jié)果是相同的。本研究中SAP+PCPA組各項(xiàng)炎癥指標(biāo)水平及腸道損傷病理評(píng)分較SAP組顯著降低,表明通過PCPA干預(yù)來減少腸道5-HT合成及釋放,會(huì)減輕炎癥的程度。同時(shí),本研究Western blot及免疫熒光實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,SAP+PCPA組與SAP組相比TJ蛋白的表達(dá)水平顯著升高,說明腸道5-HT產(chǎn)生減少減輕了腸黏膜屏障損傷,這與在其他胃腸疾病中得到的研究結(jié)論相同[21-22]。
綜上所述,SAP發(fā)生時(shí)抑制腸道5-HT的產(chǎn)生可以減輕腸黏膜屏障損傷。雖然這種改善并未能逆轉(zhuǎn)腸道損傷,但我們認(rèn)為這對(duì)于SAP病人安穩(wěn)度過高病死率的急性反應(yīng)期是有意義的。
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(本文編輯 馬偉平)
[收稿日期]2023-03-06; [修訂日期]2023-08-26
[基金項(xiàng)目]軍隊(duì)后勤科研重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目(BKJ20J004)
[第一作者]魏鐘燃(1995-),男,碩士研究生。
[通信作者]杜俊杰(1968-),男,博士,主任醫(yī)師,碩士生導(dǎo)師。E-mail:dujunjie205@hotmail.com。