馮頌喬 何業(yè)偉 王妍
摘要:目的 分析膿毒癥所致的急性肺損傷(ALI)/急性呼吸窘迫綜合征(ARDS)患者血漿沉默信息調(diào)節(jié)因子1(SIRT-1)、多配體蛋白聚糖-1(syndecan-1)的表達水平及其對預(yù)后的影響。方法 選取ALI/ARDS患者106例作為ALI/ARDS組,統(tǒng)計所有患者入院1個月內(nèi)的生存情況,并根據(jù)其生存情況將其分為生存組66例和死亡組40例。另選取健康志愿者50作為對照組。采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗檢測所有研究對象血漿SIRT-1、syndecan-1的表達,同時收集患者的急性生理學及慢性健康狀況評分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)以及肺損傷評分(LIS)。結(jié)果 ALI/ARDS組的血漿SIRT-1水平低于對照組,血漿syndecan-1水平高于對照組(P<0.05)。死亡組的血漿SIRT-1水平低于生存組,APACHEⅡ、LIS及血漿syndecan-1水平均高于生存組(P<0.05)。ALI/ARDS患者的血漿SIRT-1水平與syndecan-1、APACHEⅡ、LIS均呈負相關(guān),血漿syndecan-1水平與APACHEⅡ、LIS呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05)。較高水平APACHEⅡ、LIS及血漿syndecan-1是ALI/ARDS患者死亡的危險因素,而較高水平血漿SIRT-1則是ALI/ARDS患者死亡的保護因素(P<0.05)。血漿SIRT-1、syndecan-1對ALI/ARDS患者預(yù)后的評估價值較高,曲線下面積分別為0.860(95%CI:0.791~0.930)、0.870(95%CI:0.800~0.940)。結(jié)論 ALI/ARDS患者血漿SIRT-1水平呈異常低表達、syndecan-1水平呈異常高表達,兩者的表達水平與患者的預(yù)后情況密切相關(guān)。
關(guān)鍵詞:急性肺損傷;呼吸窘迫綜合征;多配體蛋白聚糖1;預(yù)后;沉默信息調(diào)節(jié)因子1
中圖分類號:R563.8文獻標志碼:ADOI:10.11958/20221108
Expression levels of plasma SIRT-1 and syndecan-1 in patients with sepsis-induced
ALI/ARDS and their effect on prognosis
FENG Songqiao, HE Yewei, WANG Yan
Department of Critical Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
Abstract: Objective To analyze plasma expression levels of silent information regulation 1 (SIRT-1) and syndecan-1 in patients with acute lung injury (ALI)/ associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and their correlation with prognosis. Methods A total of 106 patients with ALI/ARDS were selected as the ALI/ARDS group. The survival status of all patients within one month after admission was counted, and they were divided into the survival group (66 cases) and the death group (40 cases) according to their survival status. In addition, 50 healthy volunteers were selected as the control group. Expression levels of plasma SIRT-1 and syndecan-1 of all subjects were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Clinical data of acute physiology and chronic health score Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) and lung injury score (LIS) were collected. Results The plasma SIRT-1 level was lower in the ALI/ARDS group than that in the control group, and the plasma syndecan-1 level was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The plasma SIRT-1 level was lower in the death group than that in the surviva group, and APACHE Ⅱ score, LIS score and plasma syndecan-1 level were significantly higher than those in the survival group (P<0.05). The plasma level of SIRT-1 in patients with ALI/ARDS was negatively correlated with syndecan-1, APACHE Ⅱ score and LIS score, the plasma level of syndecan-1 was positively correlated with APACHEⅡ score and LIS score (P<0.05). Higher APACHEⅡ score, LIS score and plasma syndecan-1 were the risk factors of death in patients with ALI/ARDS, while higher plasma SIRT-1 was the protective factor of death in patients with ALI/ARDS (P<0.05). Values of plasma SIRT-1 and syndecan-1 in evaluating the prognosis of patients with ALI/ARDS were high, and the areas under the curve were 0.860 (95%CI: 0.791-0.930) and 0.870 (95%CI: 0.800-0.940) respectively. Conclusion The plasma SIRT-1 level is abnormally low and syndecan-1 level is abnormally high in patients with ALI/ARDS. The expression levels of SIRT-1 and syndecan-1 are closely related to the prognosis of patients.
Key words: acute lung injury; respiratory distress syndrome; syndecan-1; prognosis; silent information regulator 1
急性肺損傷(acute lung injury,ALI)/急性呼吸窘迫綜合征(associated acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)是由感染、燒傷、嚴重創(chuàng)傷等因素引起的危急重癥,其主要臨床特征為肺血管內(nèi)皮細胞受損、肺水腫、進行性低氧血癥和呼吸窘迫[1-2]。ALI/ARDS起病急、進展快、治療難,患者預(yù)后普遍較差,具有較高的病死率,如何在疾病早期有效地評估患者病情以及預(yù)測其預(yù)后情況成為難點[3]。沉默信息調(diào)節(jié)因子1(silent information regulation 1,SIRT-1)是Sir2超蛋白家族一員,生物學功能豐富,對衰老、炎癥反應(yīng)、糖脂代謝、氧化應(yīng)激等均有重要的調(diào)節(jié)作用[4]。SIRT-1可減弱急性呼吸窘迫綜合征動物模型體內(nèi)的炎癥反應(yīng),抑制疾病進展[5]。多配體蛋白聚糖-1(syndecan-1)是一種具有多種生物學功能的跨膜硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白多糖,在惡性腫瘤、心血管疾病中均發(fā)揮著重要的調(diào)節(jié)作用[6]。此外,syndecan-1還是血管內(nèi)皮屏障的重要組成部分,且其表達水平升高與肺血管內(nèi)皮細胞受損關(guān)系密切[7]。目前,關(guān)于SIRT-1、syndecan-1與ALI/ARDS相關(guān)的臨床研究鮮見。本研究旨在探討膿毒癥所致的ALI/ARDS患者血漿SIRT-1、syndecan-1的表達情況,并進一步分析了兩者的表達與患者預(yù)后的關(guān)系。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料 選取2020年4月—2022年4月于大連醫(yī)科大學附屬第二醫(yī)院就診的因膿毒癥所致的ALI/ARDS患者(ALI/ARDS組)106例,診斷標準參照文獻[8-9],男61例,女45例,年齡(57.21±9.65)歲,體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(BMI)為(22.16±2.13)kg/m2。納入標準:患者的性別、年齡、是否原發(fā)疾病等記錄完整。排除標準:孕婦及哺乳期女性;合并有間質(zhì)性肺病、肺栓塞等肺部疾??;合并自身免疫性疾病或近期服用過免疫抑制劑者;合并有惡性腫瘤、嚴重心腦血管疾病、嚴重原發(fā)性肝腎功能疾病者;入院后存活時間<48 h者。另選取同期在我院體檢的健康志愿者50例為對照組,男26例,女24例,年齡(56.87±8.32)歲,BMI(22.51±2.09)kg/m2。2組性別(χ2=0.424)、年齡(t=0.214)及BMI(t=0.963)比較差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。本次研究通過我院倫理委員會的批準(LL2020-03-014),患者或家屬對本次研究的內(nèi)容知情并簽署同意書。
1.2 研究方法 (1)比較2組血漿SIRT-1、syndecan-1水平。所有研究對象在入院時抽取靜脈血6 mL,參照說明書,采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗檢測血漿SIRT-1、syndecan-1的水平,試劑盒均購于生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司。(2)根據(jù)ALI/ARDS患者入院1個月內(nèi)的生存情況,分為生存組(n=66)和死亡組(n=40)。分析2組研究對象的性別、年齡、BMI、原發(fā)疾病構(gòu)成、血漿SIRT-1、血漿syndecan-1、患者入院時的急性生理學及慢性健康狀況評分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)以及肺損傷評分(LIS)的差異。(3)分析ALI/ARDS患者血漿SIRT-1、syndecan-1水平與APACHEⅡ、LIS的相關(guān)性,分析影響ALI/ARDS患者死亡的因素及相關(guān)指標對ALI/ARDS患者預(yù)后的評估價值。
1.3 統(tǒng)計學方法 采用SPSS 22.0軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)分析。符合正態(tài)分布的計量資料以均數(shù)±標準差(x±s)表示,2組間比較采用t檢驗。計數(shù)資料以例或例(%)表示,組間比較用χ2檢驗,相關(guān)性分析采用Pearson相關(guān),危險因素分析采用多因素Logistic回歸,預(yù)后價值評估采用受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線分析。檢驗標準ɑ=0.05。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 對照組和ALI/ARDS組血漿SIRT-1、syndecan-1水平比較 與對照組比較,ALI/ARDS組血漿SIRT-1水平降低,血漿syndecan-1水平升高(P<0.05),見表1。
2.2 生存組和死亡組的相關(guān)指標比較 2組性別、年齡、BMI及原發(fā)疾病構(gòu)成差異無統(tǒng)計學意義。與生存組比較,死亡組血漿SIRT-1水平降低,APACHEⅡ、LIS以及血漿syndecan-1水平升高(P<0.05),見表2。
2.3 血漿SIRT-1、syndecan-1與APACHEⅡ、LIS的相關(guān)性分析 ALI/ARDS患者血漿SIRT-1水平與syndecan-1、APACHEⅡ、LIS均呈負相關(guān)(r分別為? ?-0.451、-0.372、-0.393,均P<0.05);血漿syndecan-1水平與APACHEⅡ、LIS呈正相關(guān)(r分別為0.437、0.485,均P<0.05)。
2.4 ALI/ARDS患者死亡的危險因素分析 以表2中2組間差異有統(tǒng)計學意義的SIRT-1、syndecan-1、APACHEⅡ、LIS為自變量,以入院1個月內(nèi)患者生存情況為因變量(死亡=1,生存=0)。多因素Logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示,較高的APACHEⅡ、LIS以及血漿syndecan-1水平是ALI/ARDS患者死亡的危險因素,而較高水平的血漿SIRT-1則是ALI/ARDS患者死亡的保護因素(P<0.05),見表3。
2.5 各指標對ALI/ARDS患者預(yù)后的評估價值分析 經(jīng)ROC曲線分析顯示,相較APACHEⅡ和LIS,血漿SIRT-1、syndecan-1水平評估ALI/ARDS患者預(yù)后有一定優(yōu)勢,敏感度和特異度較均較高,見圖1、表4。
3 討論
SIRT-1是一種NAD+依賴性Ⅲ類組蛋白去乙?;?,可以通過除去乙酰基促使DNA鏈緊密纏繞,進而發(fā)揮基因沉默的功能[10]。在眾多Sir2超蛋白家族成員中,有關(guān)SIRT-1的研究最為廣泛,但既往研究多集中在衰老、糖尿病方面。近年來有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),SIRT-1對重癥呼吸疾病亦有保護作用,如Fu等[11]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),SIRT-1能夠通過改善肺血管內(nèi)皮細胞通透性,從而緩解脂多糖誘導(dǎo)的小鼠模型肺損傷。另有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),miRNA-499-5p可加重ALI模型小鼠的肺損傷程度,而靶向抑制SIRT-1的表達是其主要的作用機制之一[12]。Yang等[13]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),miRNA-146a-3p可通過上調(diào)SIRT-1的表達來改善小鼠的肺損傷。本研究結(jié)果顯示,ALI/ARDS組血漿SIRT-1水平低于對照組,死亡組血漿SIRT-1水平低于生存組,且較高水平血漿SIRT-1是ALI/ARDS患者死亡的保護因素,提示SIRT-1在ALI/ARDS患者血漿中呈異常低表達,且其表達水平降低與患者預(yù)后不良關(guān)系密切。考慮SIRT-1可能主要是通過以下兩個方面改善ALI/ARDS患者的肺損傷:一方面,ALI/ARDS本質(zhì)上是由于肺毛細血管通透性增加導(dǎo)致的非心源性肺水腫,而SIRT-1可改善肺血管內(nèi)皮細胞通透性,這是其保護ALI/ARDS患者的重要作用機制[11];另一方面,ALI/ARDS患者存在明顯的炎癥反應(yīng),炎癥反應(yīng)可促進疾病的進展,而SIRT-1可通過抑制核因子-κB信號通路的活化,抑制炎癥因子的分泌,進而改善患者的肺損傷程度[14-15]。
syndecan-1分子質(zhì)量約為85 ku,其定位于2p23,在心血管疾病和肺部疾病中均發(fā)揮著重要作用[16]。位于血管內(nèi)皮細胞管腔表面的內(nèi)皮細胞糖萼是血管屏障的重要組成部分,內(nèi)皮細胞糖萼降解可破壞血管屏障,進而促進ALI/ARDS的發(fā)生、發(fā)展[17]。syndecan-1是內(nèi)皮細胞糖萼降解的標志物,可敏感地反映肺損傷的嚴重程度。相關(guān)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),脂多糖誘導(dǎo)的ALI模型小鼠血清syndecan-1水平明顯升高,在注射脂多糖3 h后即可到達峰值,且在24 h內(nèi)血清syndecan-1水平均維持在較高水平[18]。Li等[19]研究顯示,減輕脂多糖所致的膿毒癥小鼠肺內(nèi)皮細胞糖萼降解后,小鼠血清syndecan-1水平也隨之降低,且小鼠的存活率得到了明顯的提升。本研究結(jié)果亦顯示,ALI/ARDS組的血漿syndecan-1水平高于對照組,死亡組血漿syndecan-1水平高于生存組,且血漿syndecan-1水平過高是ALI/ARDS患者死亡的危險因素,證實了syndecan-1在ALI/ARDS患者血漿中呈異常高表達,且其表達水平升高與患者預(yù)后不良有關(guān)。液體正平衡引起的液體過負荷可導(dǎo)致重癥患者死亡[20]。Kajita等[21]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),膿毒癥相關(guān)的急性呼吸窘迫綜合征患者血清syndecan-1水平明顯升高,且血清syndecan-1高表達與液體正平衡有關(guān),可見syndecan-1表達還可以反映機體累積液體平衡情況,這可能是其能評估患者預(yù)后的原因之一。本研究ROC分析結(jié)果顯示,血漿SIRT-1、syndecan-1對患者預(yù)后的評估價值較高,有潛力作為臨床預(yù)測評估患者預(yù)后的新型生物標志物。
綜上所述,膿毒癥所致的ALI/ARDS患者血漿SIRT-1水平呈異常低表達、syndecan-1水平呈異常高表達,兩者的表達水平與患者的預(yù)后情況關(guān)系密切。臨床可通過檢測ALI/ARDS患者血漿SIRT-1、syndecan-1的表達情況來預(yù)測評估患者的預(yù)后,對預(yù)后不良的高風險患者進行重點監(jiān)測,或可在一定程度上降低患者的病死率。
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(2022-07-14收稿 2022-10-31修回)
(本文編輯 陸榮展)