降氣化痰平咳喘

文/卓鵬偉

“秋風(fēng)蕭瑟天氣涼，草木搖落露為霜”。秋氣屬金，肅降寒涼，慢性肺病咳喘患者很容易在這個(gè)季節(jié)病情發(fā)作，咳嗽頻頻，痰多氣喘，類似于人們常說(shuō)的“老慢支”。

"Autumn winds bring coolness; the grass fades and the dew condenses like white frost."Chronic lung diseases are prone to flare-ups in the fall.There will be symptom of frequent coughing, phlegm and shortness of breath, which is called "chronic bronchitis".

三子求方奉父母Three sons seeking prescription for parents

明代著名醫(yī)家韓懋，因善治疑難痼疾而名聞朝野。一日，有三位讀書人來(lái)請(qǐng)韓懋為他們的父母治病。這幾位老人年事已高，病癥趨同——皆為咳嗽氣喘、胸悶痰多、食欲不振。此病癥是很多老年人的通病，韓懋根據(jù)病癥成因，精心構(gòu)思擬定了一個(gè)藥食兩用方——以白芥子、紫蘇子和萊菔子三味藥煮湯代替茶飲。幾位老人服用后效果良好。此后，藥方迅速傳開，許多老年人因此受益。

Han Mao, a famous medical doctor in the Ming Dynasty, was famous for his ability to treat difficult illnesses. One day, three sons visited Han Mao for therapy to their parents' diseases. The symptoms tended to be the same-all for coughing and wheezing, chest tightness and phlegm, loss of appetite. This disease was a common disease for many elderly people. Targeting the cause of the disease，Han Mao developed an edible Chinese herbal prescription. He decocted Sinapis Semen;Perillae Fructus and Raphani Semen and replace tea with this decoction, which worked well and spread rapidly. Many elderly people thus benefited from it.

因?yàn)榇朔皆从谌龑W(xué)子為親人求醫(yī)，韓懋把該方命名為三子養(yǎng)親湯，并記載于其代表著作《韓氏醫(yī)通》中。

Han Mao named the prescription afterthree sons seeking prescription for parents and called it "San Zi Yang Qin Tang". He recorded the prescription in his representative work"Han Shi Yi Tong".

菜園蔬果顯良效Vegetables and fruits ofmedical effects

三子養(yǎng)親湯的組成雖然簡(jiǎn)單，僅有白芥子、紫蘇子、萊菔子三味藥，但藥效甚好。其中，白芥子主溫肺利氣，紫蘇子主平喘止咳，萊菔子主消食導(dǎo)滯，而且三味藥均有疏通氣道和化痰的功效，痰消氣順則咳喘自然平息。全方合用，能治療氣機(jī)上逆、飲食停滯導(dǎo)致的咳嗽氣喘、食少痰多等病癥?，F(xiàn)代臨床醫(yī)學(xué)已將該方廣泛應(yīng)用于慢性支氣管炎、支氣管哮喘、咳嗽變異性哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺病等病癥的治療。

"San Zi Yang Qin Tang" consists of only three herbs:Sinapis Semen；Perillae Fructus and Raphani Semen. However，it works well. Among them, Semen Sinapis is mainly used to warm the lungs and benefitqi. Perilla Fructus is mainly used to calm asthma and relieve cough. Raphani Semen is mainly used to aid digestion and guide stagnation. Moreover, all the three herbs are effective in dredging theqichannels and resolving phlegm. If the phlegm is removed, theqiwill be smoothed out, then coughing and asthma will naturally be calmed down. The combination of the whole prescription can treat cough and asthma caused by upward reversal ofqiand stagnation of food and drink, as well as loss of appetite and excessive phlegm. In modern clinical practice, this prescription has been widely used in the treatment of chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, cough variant asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other diseases.

白芥子

白芥子、紫蘇子、萊菔子均是菜園中可食用的菜籽，即芥菜、紫蘇和蘿卜的種子，一起熬制成湯，味道可口，一些不喜歡吃藥的老人也能欣然接受，尤其是在咳喘病癥高發(fā)的秋季，該方大有用武之地。

Sinapis Semen, Perillae Fructus and Raphani Semen are edible seeds in the garden that is,mustard, perilla and radish seeds. Boiled together into a soup, there will be a delicious flavor. Elderly people who do not like to take medicines can also be glad to accept. Especially in the high incidence of cough and asthma in the fall, the formula is very useful.

培土和胃制痰濕Cultivating earth element and harmonizing stomach to remove phlegm-dampness

“痰由百病生”，許多疾病都可誘發(fā)人體出現(xiàn)痰癥。在中醫(yī)理論中，痰為津液，五行屬水，從“土克水”的角度出發(fā)，治療痰癥應(yīng)以“培土”為佳。

"Phlegm emerges from many diseases." In TCM,phlegm belongs to fluid and attributes to water element. Many diseases can cause phlegm in the body, which is one of the common illnesses. From the five elements theory, the treatment of phlegm should be based on "cultivating the earth element",which is in line with the theory of "earth overcomes water".

三子養(yǎng)親湯的治療過(guò)程，體現(xiàn)了以土制水的五行玄機(jī)——白芥子和萊菔子兩味藥進(jìn)入身體以后，主走五行屬土的足陽(yáng)明胃經(jīng)，輔助同樣屬土的胃臟運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)活動(dòng)，藥效發(fā)散的過(guò)程相當(dāng)于“培土”。當(dāng)身體中的土屬性壯大，就能有效壓制水屬性的痰癥，再配合紫蘇子的平喘作用，達(dá)到治療病癥的目的。

The therapeutic approach of "San Zi Yang Qin Tang" also precisely reflects the five elements theory in the prescription, which uses earth to control water. After entering the body, Sinapis Semen and Raphani Semen go through the Stomach meridian (the Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming,which attributes to the earth element), assisting the activities of the stomach(which belongs with the earth element), and the process of dispersal of the medicines is regarded as "cultivating the earth element". When the earth element in the body grows strong, it can effectively suppress the phlegm of water element, and together with the asthma-alleviating effect of Sinapis Semen, it can achieve the purpose of treating the disease.

結(jié) 語(yǔ)Conclusion

“病痰飲者，當(dāng)以溫藥和之”，三子養(yǎng)親湯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)密碼在于“降氣化痰”四個(gè)字。但是，該方的祛痰平喘，只是治標(biāo)之劑，僅適于發(fā)病期服用，待痰消平喘之后，還需根據(jù)痰癥的具體病因?qū)で笾委熤ā?/p>

" If there is phlegm, warm drugs should be used to release it." The standard code of "San Zi Yang Qin Tang" lies in the words "lowering qi and resolving phlegm". However, the resolving of phlegm and calming of asthma in this prescription is only a symptomatic treatment, which can only be taken at the onset of the disease. After the phlegm subsides and the asthma calms down, treatment should be sought according to the specific cause of the phlegm disorder.