邢雙濤 馮世杰 張一凡 王蘭 余國營
摘 要:[目的]通過網(wǎng)狀Mate分析法比較呼吸訓練、耐力訓練、綜合訓練、其他訓練對哮喘患兒肺功能的干預效果.[方法]計算機檢索國內外有關運動對哮喘患兒肺功能影響的隨機對照試驗.采用Revman 5.3和Stata 16軟件進行統(tǒng)計學分析.[結果]共納入34項RCT,涉及研究總樣本量2 560人.分析結果顯示:在改善哮喘患兒肺功能方面,呼吸訓練、耐力訓練、綜合訓練、其他訓練均優(yōu)于對照組.亞組分析結果顯示:哮喘患兒短期內(<12周)的肺功能改善更顯著.[結論]呼吸訓練和耐力訓練(<12周)是改善哮喘患兒肺功能的最佳運動方式和干預周期.
關鍵詞:運動;支氣管哮喘;肺功能;網(wǎng)狀Meta分析
中圖分類號:G804;R563文獻標志碼:A
支氣管哮喘是一種非傳染性異質性疾病,具體表現(xiàn)為反復發(fā)作的喘息、氣急、胸悶、咳嗽等不同臨床表型.全球預計有3.39億人受到影響,給衛(wèi)生經(jīng)濟帶來了沉重的負擔[1].兒童哮喘的治療以癥狀控制和維持長期無病狀態(tài)為目標,支氣管擴張劑的藥物治療雖然在急性發(fā)作時可以挽救生命,但不會改變疾病的自然病程.類固醇類藥物吸入治療和全身性治療有助于實現(xiàn)長期緩解,但其副作用通常限制醫(yī)生謹慎使用.有研究表明,科學的運動康復訓練可有效改善和提高哮喘患兒呼吸機能水平,但不同干預周期和不同類型的運動對哮喘患兒肺功能改善效果如何目前尚無定論.本研究擬對4種運動療法對哮喘患兒肺功能的效果進行網(wǎng)狀Meta析,探究最佳的運動方式和干預周期.以一秒用力呼氣量(V1)、用力肺活量(Vf)、一秒率(V1/Vf)、最大呼氣流量(Fp)為結局指標,就運動干預的療效進行綜合評估及排序.
1 資料與方法
1.1 檢索策略
檢索PubMed,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,EBSCO,中國知網(wǎng)等數(shù)據(jù)知識服務平臺搜集應用不同運動方式干預哮喘患兒肺功能的文獻.采用主題詞自由結合的方式,檢索時限為從建庫至2022年2月,檢索語言為英文和中文.中文檢索詞:(體育OR運動OR鍛煉OR太極OR瑜伽OR有氧運動OR間歇運動OR運動處方OR呼吸運動)AND(哮喘OR支氣管哮喘)等為主題;英文檢索詞:(sport OR exercise OR training OR TaiChi OR Yoga OR aerobics OR intermittent movement OR exercise prescription OR breathing)AND(asthma OR bronchial asthma)等為主題.
1.2 文獻納入和排除標準
研究類型:隨機對照試驗.研究對象:均符合全球哮喘防治創(chuàng)議(Global Initiative for Asthma)制定的兒童哮喘診斷標準,且病情處于非急性發(fā)作期所有哮喘患者,性別、國籍不限,意識清晰,無認知障礙.干預措施:試驗組選擇呼吸訓練、耐力訓練、綜合訓練、其他訓練;對照組選擇常規(guī)治療或常規(guī)活動.所有干預措施均按照運動療法分類和專用術語的意見和建議[2]對表1進行明確的定義.排除標準:1)非隨機對照實驗(NRCT);2)重復發(fā)表的文獻;3)缺少或未報告所需數(shù)據(jù)(如均數(shù)、標準差);4)針對外文文獻,僅有摘要且通過各種渠道仍無法獲取全文;5)運動干預方式質量差、實驗設計不嚴謹.
1.3 文獻篩選和資料提取
由2位研究者采用獨立雙盲的方式對文獻進行納入與篩選,通過對納入文獻進行數(shù)據(jù)的篩選和提取,最后進行相互核對,對納入不一致的數(shù)據(jù),由第3名研究人員進行介入,經(jīng)討論一致后納入研究.提取的信息包括作者、年份、干預指標和干預措施.提取的數(shù)據(jù)包括實驗組、對照組干預后的均值、標準化均差及樣本量.
1.4 統(tǒng)計學方法
采用Stata 16和RevMan 5.3軟件進行網(wǎng)狀Meta分析.當I2<50%時表示各獨立研究間無明顯異質性,采用固定效應模型;當I250%時表示獨立研究間異質性較大,則進行敏感性分析.部分文獻如需數(shù)據(jù)轉換,使用RevMan 5.3中的計算器計算.使用結局指標為連續(xù)性變量,采用標準化均差(Standardized mean difference,SMD)和95%CI作為效應量指標.利用網(wǎng)狀Meta分析進行直接和間接比較,若P>0.05,則直接與間接比較之間差異無統(tǒng)計學意義,二者結果一致,采用一致性模型進行分析;反之,則采用不一致性模型.通過比較累計概率圖中圖下面積(Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking,SUCRA)對多種運動干預措施進行排序比較,至少3篇及以上同一種運動干預文獻,才進行效果排序.其中0SUCRA100, SUCRA越大表示干預效果越好.根據(jù)V1, Vf, (V1/Vf),F(xiàn)p的SUCRA,采用聚類分層分析探索療效最優(yōu)的干預措施.
2 結 果
2.1 文獻篩選流程及結果
通過數(shù)據(jù)庫檢索到文獻9 219篇,其中Pubmed數(shù)據(jù)庫2 122篇,Cochrane Library數(shù)據(jù)庫138篇,Web of Science數(shù)據(jù)庫1 645篇,EBSCO數(shù)據(jù)庫522篇,中國知網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)庫1 412篇,萬方數(shù)據(jù)庫1 690篇,維普數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng)414篇,超星數(shù)據(jù)庫1 242篇.經(jīng)過篩選后,最終納入34個RCT[3-36],包括2 560例患者.納入研究基本特征見表2.
2.2 納入研究的質量評價
采用Cochrane系統(tǒng)評價的“偏倚風險評價”工具并采用雙盲法,運用Revman 5.3軟件對納入研究的文獻進行偏倚風險的評估其包括6個指標:隨機序列的產(chǎn)生、分配隱藏、對受試者和干預提供者施盲、對結果評分者施盲、結果數(shù)據(jù)不完整性、選擇性結果報告、其他偏倚來源.對每條指標采用“低風險偏移”“高風險偏移”“不確定風險偏移”進行判定.該過程由2名研究人員獨立進行評分,若有分歧,由第3名研究人員進行介入,經(jīng)討論一致后給予評分.偏倚風險見圖1.
2.3 網(wǎng)狀分析結果
共納入34個 RCT,包括7個呼吸訓練組與常規(guī)治療組比較的研究[6,16-17,25-26,35-36],10個耐力訓練與常規(guī)治療組比較的研究[3-5,7,9,21,23,27,31-32],9個綜合訓練與常規(guī)治療組比較的研究[8,10-14,24,33-34],6個其他訓練組與常規(guī)治療組比較的研究[18-20,28-30].各干預措施的網(wǎng)狀關系見圖2.與常規(guī)治療組比較,各運動方式組在提高4項指標方面均更優(yōu),差異有統(tǒng)計學意義.各運動方式組間4項指標差異無統(tǒng)計學意義.
Meta分析V1結果:呼吸訓練[SMD為0.68,95%CI(0.53,0.84),P<0.001]、耐力訓練[SMD為0.61,95%CI(0.43,0.79),P<0.001]、綜合訓練[SMD為0.49,95%CI(0.28,0.69),P<0.001]、其他訓練[SMD為0.35,95%CI(0.17,0.53),P<0.001],哮喘患兒改善效果均優(yōu)于對照組.Vf結果:呼吸訓練[SMD為0.45,95%CI(0.30,0.60),P<0.001]、耐力訓練[SMD為0.51,95%CI(0.28,0.74),P<0.001]、綜合訓練[SMD為0.46,95%CI(0.25,0.67),P<0.001]、其他訓練[SMD為0.38,95%CI(0.20,0.56),P<0.001],對哮喘患兒用力肺活量(Vf)改善效果均優(yōu)于對照組.(V1/Vf)結果:呼吸訓練[SMD為0.52,95%CI(0.31,0.72),P<0.001]、耐力訓練[SMD為0.38,95%CI(0.10,0.65),P=0.008]、綜合訓練[SMD為0.34,95%CI(0.12,0.56),對哮喘患兒(V1/Vf)改善效果均優(yōu)于對照組.Fp結果:呼吸訓練[SMD為0.59,95%CI(0.37,0.80),P<0.001]、耐力訓練[SMD為0.41,95%CI(0.16,0.67),P=0.002]、綜合訓練[SMD為0.57,95%CI(0.16,0.97),P<0.001],對哮喘患兒最大呼氣流量(FP)改善效果均優(yōu)于對照組.
兩兩間接比較(表3)顯示,各運動方式相互比較的差異無統(tǒng)計學意義.SUCRA排序結果顯示:呼吸訓練對哮喘患兒的V1,(V1/Vf),F(xiàn)p的改善效果最好,耐力訓練對哮喘患兒Vf的改善效果最好.
2.4 亞組分析
亞組分析結果(表4)顯示:呼吸訓練對V1和Vf指標預周期<12周(I2=0%)相比于干預周期12周(I2=43%)改善更顯著;呼吸訓練對Fp指標干預周期12周(I2=0%)相比于干預周期<12周(I2=0%)改善更顯著;耐力訓練對Vf指標干預周期<12周(I2=36%)相比于干預周期12周(I2=40%)改善更顯著.
2.5 發(fā)表偏倚檢測
各干預措施之間的間接比較結果:對各運動干預對比后V1進行效應評估,散點分布情況提示發(fā)表偏倚均較小,但存在小樣本的影響(圖3).
3 討 論
本研究結果顯示,4種運動療法均可有效提高哮喘患兒肺功能,依據(jù)等級概率排序顯示,呼吸訓練和耐力訓練是提高肺功能的最優(yōu)方法.通過特定的呼吸訓練使練習者身心放松,同時激活肺內橫膈膜,增加肺泡及周圍的活動幅度.肌肉活動與呼吸周期相互配合,肺通氣量和肺部氣體交換率不斷增加[37].經(jīng)過耐力訓練,運動者的呼吸功能得到改善.這與運動時呼吸功能加強相關.胸式呼吸和腹式呼吸相結合,尤其腹式呼吸可加大膈肌的收縮與舒張.通過對呼吸訓練、耐力訓練進行不同運動周期的亞組分析,<12周的呼吸訓練和耐力訓練是最佳干預周期.本研究的局限性:運動方式分型下各運動方式研究數(shù)量相差較大;存在發(fā)表偏倚或小樣本效應.
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A network meta-analysis of the role of different exercises in pulmonary function in children with asthma
Xing Shuangtaoa, Feng Shijiea, Zhang Yifana, Wang Lanb,c,d, Yu Guoyingb,c,d
(a. College of Physical Education; b. College of Life Sciences; c. State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation;
d. Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China)
Abstract: [Objective]To compare the intervention of respiration training, endurance training, comprehensive training and other training on lung function in patients with asthma by using the network meta-analysis. [Methods]Randomized controlled trials on the effects of exercise on pulmonary function in children with asthma were searched by computer. Statistical analysis was performed by using Revman 5.3 and Stata 16 software. [Results]A total of 34 RCTS involving a total sample size of 2 560 people were included. The analysis results show that terms of improving pulmonary function of children with asthma, respiratory training, endurance training, comprehensive training and other training were better than those of the control group. The results of subgroup analysis showed that patients with asthma had more significant improvement in lung function in the short term(<12 weeks). [Conclusion]Respiration training and endurance training(<12 weeks)is the best exercise to improve lung function of asthmatic children.
Keywords: exercise; Bronchial asthma; lung function; network meta-analysis
[責任編校 楊浦 劉洋]
收稿日期:2022-05-09;修回日期:2022-09-20.
基金項目:國家社科基金(20BTY010);國家肺纖維化生物學過程及防控學科創(chuàng)新引智基地(111計劃);河南省科技攻關項目(212102310894).
作者簡介:邢雙濤(1977-),男,河南獲嘉人,河南師范大學副教授,碩士生導師,研究方向為運動與健康促進,E-mail:xingshuangtao@163.com.
通信作者:余國營(1964-),男,教授,博士生導師,研究方向為肺生物學過程,E-mail:guoyingyu@htu.edu.cn.