北航中法工程師學(xué)院：中法高等教育國際合作的典范

今年是北京航空航天大學(xué)中法工程師學(xué)院成立17周年，它在國內(nèi)外的高等教育領(lǐng)域留下了濃墨重彩的一筆。中法工程師學(xué)院是中法在高等教育方面合作的典范，也是法國中央理工大學(xué)集團創(chuàng)辦的首家國際學(xué)院，它為后續(xù)17家類似的中法學(xué)院提供了經(jīng)驗，成為許多中外教育和研究機構(gòu)的學(xué)術(shù)組織機構(gòu)的一個標桿。

2005年，北京航空航天大學(xué)與法國中央理工大學(xué)集團通力合作，共同創(chuàng)建了北航中法工程師學(xué)院。中央理工大學(xué)集團旗下包括巴黎中央理工大學(xué)、里昂中央理工大學(xué)、南特中央理工大學(xué)、里爾中央理工大學(xué)和馬賽中央理工大學(xué)等5所中央工程師教育大學(xué)。中法工程師學(xué)院是北航的下屬學(xué)院，學(xué)院旨在培育高素質(zhì)的人才和高水平的工程師，使他們具備豐富的國際文化知識并融會貫通，掌握三門語言（中文、法語和英語）并能夠應(yīng)對社會中涉及多學(xué)科的挑戰(zhàn)。北航中法工程師學(xué)院的畢業(yè)生不僅能夠成為工程師，同樣還能成為具備強大創(chuàng)新力的管理者和企業(yè)家。

集中法教學(xué)精髓于一身的工程師培養(yǎng)項目

中法工程師學(xué)院招收的大部分學(xué)生都是滿足北航入學(xué)標準的中國學(xué)生（高考成績前0.3%）。2015年起，學(xué)院開始招收國際學(xué)生。每年都會有110—120名新生加入中法工程師學(xué)院，學(xué)院課程由中法教師使用中法雙語講授，部分由國際專家擔任的課程也會使用英語教學(xué)，因此學(xué)院的畢業(yè)生在畢業(yè)時能夠掌握三門語言。

為了有效培養(yǎng)學(xué)生，使其具備預(yù)期的技能，中法工程師學(xué)院基于法國中央理工大學(xué)集團的培養(yǎng)方案，注重科學(xué)通識教育，面向世界，并結(jié)合技術(shù)和管理技能。同時，學(xué)院也融合了中國工程師教育的方案，打造了獨一無二的高質(zhì)量培養(yǎng)項目，為學(xué)生提供了所有可能的資源來幫助他們完成目標。創(chuàng)新需要廣泛的基礎(chǔ)知識和應(yīng)用知識，如此才能將不同應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域聯(lián)系起來并開發(fā)合適的技術(shù)和系統(tǒng)。為培養(yǎng)人才及其創(chuàng)新力，中法工程師學(xué)院除了開設(shè)綜合的數(shù)學(xué)與基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)的本科課程外，還開設(shè)高質(zhì)量的通用型工程課程，為學(xué)生提供擁有全球視野的必備知識和技能，讓學(xué)生能夠成功識別并開發(fā)必要的創(chuàng)新路徑。中法工程師學(xué)院還致力于激發(fā)青年人才的好奇心，培養(yǎng)他們的開放性思維，讓他們具備更多的社會和管理技能。學(xué)院還開設(shè)了倫理學(xué)、可持續(xù)發(fā)展、清潔能源、資源管理和風險管理等課程，使未來的畢業(yè)生能夠有效參與到創(chuàng)新事業(yè)中去，創(chuàng)造更美好的世界。

Ecole Centrale de Pékin (Centrale Pékin) is celebrating its 17th anniversary this year. Centrale Pékin has managed to make its mark on the landscape of higher education not only in China but also internationally. It is considered the flagship Sino-French collaboration in higher education and was the first international school established by the Group of Ecoles Centrale (G.E.C.) from France. It has also paved the way for other similar Sino-French institutes that were subsequently created, of which there are now 17. It remains a benchmark in many academics and organizations at the level of Sino-foreign education and research institutes.

Centrale Pékin was created in 2005 as a result of a collaboration between Beihang University (B.U.A.A.: Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics) and the Group of Ecoles Centrale, which includes the five French Ecoles Centrale of engineer education (CentraleSupélec in Paris-Saclay University, Centrale Lyon, Centrale Nantes, Centrale Lille, and Centrale Marseille). Centrale Pékin is an institute of Beihang University.Centrale Pékin aims to train high-quality talents and engineers of a very high scientific level, with deep knowledge and integration in the international culture, trilingual (Chinese, French, English), and the ability to respond to the multidisciplinary challenges of society. Graduates of Centrale Pékin are more than engineers. They are also managers and entrepreneurs capable of great innovation.

An engineering training program gathering the best of Chinese and French pedagogy

The majority of the students of Centrale Pékin are Chinese and are recruited by following the required criteria to join Beihang University (Top 0.3% of College entrance examination scores). Since 2015, Centrale Pékin welcomes international students. Each year, 110 and 120 freshmen join the 1st year of study in Centrale Pékin. The lectures of the education program are delivered by both Chinese and French professors equally in both languages. Some lectures given by international experts are also provided in English, allowing the graduates to perfectly manage these three languages at the end of their studies.

To train future graduates and provide them with expected skills, the engineer training program is based on the French Centrale schools’ scheme,which is scientifically generalist, firmly structured around project-based training, internationally oriented, and combined with technical and managerial skills. Such a program is then also enriched by the Chinese approach to engineering education, resulting in a uniquely high-level educational program that gives the students all the possible assets to achieve their objectives. Innovation requires a broad base of fundamental and applied knowledge to link different application fields and develop appropriate techniques and systems. Centrale Pékin offers a comprehensive Bachelor’s program in Mathematics and Basic Sciences and a highlevel generalist engineering program to provide future graduates with the knowledge and skills necessary to have a global vision of technology and to be able to identify and develop the necessary paths for innovation successfully. Centrale Pékin also seeks to develop the curiosity and open-mindedness of young talents and give them broader societal and managerial skills. Ethics, sustainable development, clean energy, resource management, and risk management are, among other subjects, on the institute’s curriculum to enable future graduates to be influential actors of innovation for a better future world.

中法工程師學(xué)院的教學(xué)方案經(jīng)過專門設(shè)計，滿足中法教育體制的要求。學(xué)院實施中國“本科+碩士”與法國“預(yù)科+工程師”相融合的本碩一貫制培養(yǎng)模式，中國的“4+2”模式相當于法國的“3+3”模式。在該項目中，為了更好地了解企業(yè)的工作，以及如何應(yīng)用在學(xué)校獲取的理論知識，學(xué)生必須在企業(yè)完成幾次實習，為期至少24周，共有三段：本科三年級結(jié)束時完成一次見習實習，碩士一年級結(jié)束時完成一次工程師實習，碩士二年級完成一次為期至少5個月的畢業(yè)實習。

項目期間，中法工程師學(xué)院的學(xué)生有機會參加法國乃至歐洲或加拿大的各種合作交流項目。學(xué)生（本科低年級和研究生一年級）可以在法國中央理工大學(xué)集團中的一所大學(xué)進行為期2年的學(xué)習，來獲得雙學(xué)位（所交流學(xué)校的工程師學(xué)位和北航的碩士學(xué)位）。其他學(xué)生也可以在研究生二年級時前往法國和摩洛哥其中一所中央學(xué)校進行為期一年或一個學(xué)期的交換。

The training program of Centrale Pékin has been specially designed to meet the requirements of both the Chinese and French education systems.Then, the students prepare for a Bachelor + Master program at B.U.A.A.,which corresponds with the traditional French engineering education program (initial cycle + engineering cycle). The “4+2” years of the Chinese system correspond to the “3+3” years of the French system. During this engineering program, to better understand the work in a company and how the theoretical teachings received at school are applied, students must complete several internships in companies for a minimum duration of 24 weeks. There are three internships (1 operator internship at the end of the 3rd year of the Bachelor’s program, one technician internship at the end of the 1st year of the Master’s program, and one end-of-studies engineering internship of at least five months in the 2nd year of the Master’s program).

During their engineering training program, students of Centrale Pékin have the opportunity to participate in various mobility programs in France, Europe, or Canada. The students (the 4th year of the Bachelor’s degree and the 1st year of the Master’s degree) can get a double degree by spending two years in one of the Centrale schools in France (these students will receive the engineering degree of the Centrale school in which they study and the Master degree of Beihang). Other students (2nd year of Master) can go for a one year or only for one-semester mobility in one of Centrale schools in France and Morocco.

中法工程師學(xué)院還與加拿大蒙特利爾的魁北克高等技術(shù)學(xué)院簽訂交流協(xié)議，在工程師階段的第一年可前往加拿大交換。中法工程師學(xué)院的兩個創(chuàng)辦方都是歐洲頂尖工科大學(xué)聯(lián)盟的合作伙伴。因此，學(xué)生如果想學(xué)習聯(lián)盟內(nèi)（比如布魯塞爾自由大學(xué)、倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院、法國國立高等航空航天學(xué)院）學(xué)校的課程，可以利用這一學(xué)校關(guān)系網(wǎng)交換，大多數(shù)是交換一個學(xué)期，有時也可以獲得雙學(xué)位。如果想獲得雙學(xué)位，學(xué)生需要在比利時或法國的學(xué)校中交換兩到三年（可抵中法工程師學(xué)院研究生的兩年課程），之后再返回北航完成碩士畢業(yè)論文。

中法工程師學(xué)院的工程師培養(yǎng)項目受到中國教育部和法國工程師職銜委員會（CTI）的認可，后者在2010年首次認證了中法工程師學(xué)院的項目，時限6年。2016年和2022年，學(xué)院再次獲得CTI的認證，這也是該中法合作項目高質(zhì)量和持續(xù)卓越的保證。中法工程師學(xué)院的畢業(yè)生可以同時從北航的碩士學(xué)位和中法工程師學(xué)院的CTI工程師職銜中受益。

自2020年9月以來，中法工程師學(xué)院還提供了多樣化的教育服務(wù)，以配合北航在杭州新校區(qū)開展活動。實際上，北航已經(jīng)和法國中央理工大學(xué)集團下的多家學(xué)校開展了雙學(xué)位國際碩士項目。該項目以研究為導(dǎo)向，全英文授課，學(xué)生在中法兩國進行為期三年的學(xué)習。在中國完成一年的學(xué)習后，學(xué)生將進入不同的法國中央學(xué)校攻讀碩士兩至三個學(xué)期（取決于學(xué)校和所學(xué)專業(yè)），之后再返回中國完成他們的畢業(yè)論文。培養(yǎng)項目結(jié)束后，學(xué)生將同時獲得北航碩士學(xué)位和法國中央理工學(xué)校的碩士學(xué)位。如今，已經(jīng)有三個班的20名學(xué)生參加了該項目，首屆畢業(yè)生預(yù)計將于2023年畢業(yè)。

工程師培養(yǎng)與行業(yè)緊密接軌

中法工程師學(xué)院的畢業(yè)生都是受過訓(xùn)練的具備多元化知識的工程師，他們中大多數(shù)都進入了行業(yè)領(lǐng)先的跨國公司，擔任公司的“駐外大使”，促進亞洲和世界的交流，增進不同合作伙伴之間的跨國合作以及相互理解。

Centrale Pékin has also signed a mobility agreement with E.T.S. (Ecole de Technologie Supérieure) in Montreal, providing mobility semesters in Canada during the first year of the engineering cycle. The two founding partners of Centrale Pékin are also partners of the T.I.M.E. (Top Industrial Managers for Europe) association. Therefore, students can take advantage of this network if they wish to follow their course in one of the universities belonging to this association, for a semester in most cases but also sometimes for a double degree (at U.L.B., U.C.L., and I.S.A.E.). For these latter dual degrees, students spend 2 and 3 years in the institution in Belgium or France (which correspond to the two years of Master in the curriculum of Centrale Pékin) and then return to complete their Master’s thesis at Beihang University.

The engineering program of Ecole Centrale Beijing is accredited by both the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China and the C.T.I.(French Commission des Titres d’Ingénieur). The C.T.I. first accredited the program of Centrale Pékin in 2010 for six years, renewed in 2016, and more recently in 2022, each time for a maximum duration of 6 years. Such an accreditation by C.T.I. allows Centrale Pékin’s graduates to benefit from the Beihang Master’s degree and the title of graduate engineer of Centrale Pékin. It guarantees the high quality and consistent excellence of this sino-french collaborative program.

Since September 2020, Centrale Pékin has also diversified its educational offer to accompany the development of its activities on the new campus of Beihang University in Hangzhou. Indeed, a double degree international Master’s program has been launched in collaboration with the different French Centrale schools of the Group of Ecoles Centrale. In this more research-oriented program, students are taught entirely in English over a three-year program in China and France. After the first year in China,students join different international Masters of Centrale schools for 2 or 3 semesters (depending on the schools and the Master’s degrees) and then return to China to complete their Master’s thesis work. At the end of this training, students receive a Master’s degree from Beihang University and a Master’s degree from the French Ecole Centrale, where they went during the program. Today, three classes of 20 students have taken part in this program, and the first graduates will graduate in 2023.

A high connection with the engineering training program and the industrial world

The graduates of Centrale Pékin are multicultural engineers trained, for the most part, to join leading international companies and to be able to be real ambassadors to other countries. Thus, they can bridge between Asia and the rest of the world to improve global collaboration and mutual understanding between the different partners.

Industrial partnerships are the heart of Centrale Beijing and constitute a specificity that can be promoted to the students in the framework of this program. As mentioned previously, during their training, students in the engineering cycle must complete three internships. All three internships are to be carried out under the supervision of the Ecole Centrale de Pékin.The operator internship and the end-of-study internship must be carried out in companies.

行業(yè)間的伙伴關(guān)系是中法工程師學(xué)院項目的核心，是該項目框架的一大特性。正如上文所述，學(xué)生在工程師培養(yǎng)期間需要完成三次實習，且必須在中法工程師學(xué)院的監(jiān)督下進行，見習實習和畢業(yè)實習必須在企業(yè)內(nèi)進行。

為了給學(xué)生提供高水平的科學(xué)和技術(shù)課程，讓他們在畢業(yè)時充分做好進入企業(yè)的準備，該項目不僅強制要求學(xué)生在企業(yè)內(nèi)實習，還聘請企業(yè)內(nèi)的專家和專業(yè)人士授課。這些課程主要安排在工程師培養(yǎng)階段的最后一年，幫助學(xué)生從純粹的學(xué)術(shù)道路轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)嶋H的專業(yè)工作。中法工程師學(xué)院與許多企業(yè)都進行了洽談，尋找有意在校授課的專業(yè)人士，提升課程的專業(yè)度，為學(xué)生提供行業(yè)內(nèi)工作的重要視角。此外，學(xué)院還會定期組織研討會，或者組織學(xué)生到一兩家企業(yè)參觀。學(xué)院每年都會在校內(nèi)組織招聘會，其間各企業(yè)的代表和學(xué)生可以會面，談?wù)搶嵙暫凸ぷ鲘徫弧?022年，有26家中外企業(yè)參加了招聘會。

創(chuàng)建研究團隊，為研究活動提供框架

在制定教學(xué)和培養(yǎng)方案的同時，為了更好地支持中法工程師學(xué)院學(xué)生在研究生階段的學(xué)習，學(xué)院還制定了研究活動的框架。從2018年開始，學(xué)院希望通過在校內(nèi)創(chuàng)建研究團隊，致力于研究由法國中央理工大學(xué)集團和北航共同提出的創(chuàng)新型課題，這些研究團隊將由北航的研究員（隸屬中法工程師學(xué)院或北航其他學(xué)院）和法國中央理工大學(xué)集團的研究員共同指導(dǎo)。其目的是，為本學(xué)院學(xué)生以及北航其他學(xué)院的學(xué)生在其培養(yǎng)方案的各個研究項目（本科學(xué)位項目和創(chuàng)新項目等）和完成碩士論文期間開展的研究活動提供一個框架。這些活動由聯(lián)合導(dǎo)師本人或中法工程師學(xué)院的青年教授負責監(jiān)督指導(dǎo)。學(xué)院至今已創(chuàng)建了5個這樣的研究團隊：風險科學(xué)與工程實驗室、數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)實驗室、CREUZET實驗室（自旋電子學(xué)）、未來城市實驗室（交通與流動性）以及復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)實驗室（機械學(xué)和復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)）。

其中，創(chuàng)建于2019年1月的未來城市實驗室主要是按照首席研究員模式來組建的，因為它在法蘭西島大區(qū)和北京市的協(xié)議框架內(nèi)獲得了資金，這使得它可以在實驗室內(nèi)組織和開展研究項目。2019年9月，數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)實驗室還與奧蘭治（Orange）公司共同組建了一個團隊（基于行業(yè)首席研究員項目的模式），每年能夠資助一些研究項目，學(xué)院的學(xué)生可以在其中開展與其碩士論文相關(guān)的研究工作。

In addition to internships in companies, which are compulsory as part of the training and offer students a program of a very high scientific and technical level while preparing them in the best possible way to enter the business world once they graduate, a certain number of teaching modules are provided by experts and professionals from the business world. These modules are offered mainly in the last year of the engineering cycle and allow the students to transition from the purely academic path to the professional world. Centrale Pékin remains in regular contact with many companies to find professionals interested in intervening in the school’s program to enrich it and give students an even more critical vision of work in the industry. In addition to the teaching modules, the school regularly organizes seminars or special events involving half-day visits to one or more companies. Each year,Centrale Pékin also organizes a job fair during which representatives of companies and students can meet and discuss internships and job positions. In 2022, 26 companies (including both Chinese and foreign companies) attended the Job Fair.

Creat research teams to provide a structure of research activities

In parallel with the development of the teaching and training program and to best support the Master’s studies of Centrale Pékin students, a structure of research activities has also been put in place. Starting in 2018, Centrale Pékin wanted to make its research activities more visible by creating, within the school, research teams dedicated to the most innovative themes and developed jointly by the Group of Ecoles Centrale and Beihang University. These research teams are co-directed by a Beihang researcher (assigned to Centrale Pékin or one of the other Beihang institutes) and a researcher affiliated with one of the G.E.C. laboratories.Their objective is to provide a framework for the research activities of Centrale Pékin students (and students from other Beihang institutes)carried out during the various projects (Bachelor’s Project, Innovation Project, etc.) of their study program as well as during their Master’s thesis. These activities are supervised by the co-directors or young professors from Centrale Pékin. To date, there are five such research teams at Centrale Pékin, the RISE Laboratory (Risk Science and Engineering), the DATA Science lab, the C.R.E.U.Z.E.T. Lab (Spintronics), the Future Cities Lab (Transport and Mobility) and the Complex Systems Lab (Mechanics,Complex Systems).

Among these, the “Future Cities Lab” team (created in January 2019) is more particularly constituted on the model of a research chair since it benefits from its financing within the framework of an agreement between the Ile de France Region and the Municipality of Beijing which allows it to organize and carry out research projects within it. In September 2019, a joint team with the company Orange was also created within the “DATA Science” team (based on an industrial chair model), providing the annual funding of several research projects within which several students from the school can develop their Master’s thesis work.

最后，2020年9月，中法工程師學(xué)院參與到北航杭州新校區(qū)的建設(shè)之中，這為現(xiàn)有5個研究團隊的活動開展和其他研究團隊的創(chuàng)建提供了更多條件。

畢業(yè)生技能面廣泛，備受青睞

截至2022年，已有11批碩士生/工程師（超過800名畢業(yè)生）和14批本科生（其中4批為留學(xué)生）從中法工程師學(xué)院畢業(yè)。

得益于通識教育，學(xué)院的畢業(yè)生在全世界的不同領(lǐng)域獲得了許多工作機會，畢業(yè)6個月內(nèi)實現(xiàn)100%就業(yè)。畢業(yè)生主要在亞洲和歐洲就業(yè)，占比分別為47%和36%，還有一部分在非洲就業(yè)，占比12%，還有少部分人在大洋洲和美洲就業(yè)。70%—75%的畢業(yè)生任職于中國或跨國公司，其中55%選擇中國公司（35%選擇國企，20%選擇私企），20%選擇跨國公司，其余的25%—30%的學(xué)生選擇進一步深造，完成其博士論文或碩士學(xué)位（例如商科）。在成為理學(xué)博士的畢業(yè)生中，大約一半的人通常會選擇學(xué)術(shù)道路，另一半則選擇就職于企業(yè)的研發(fā)部門。因此，畢業(yè)生的就業(yè)率非常高。

在北航和法國中央理工大學(xué)集團的通力合作和竭力支持下，中法工程師學(xué)院發(fā)展為一所腳踏實地、朝氣蓬勃的學(xué)院。

現(xiàn)在及未來所面臨的社會挑戰(zhàn)不僅牽涉多個學(xué)科領(lǐng)域，還涉及全球范圍，例如不斷增長和集中的能源需求、適應(yīng)清潔能源的技術(shù)發(fā)展、人工智能、大型城市的交通優(yōu)化、廢物管理、可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)、水質(zhì)、醫(yī)療保健、人類活動對環(huán)境影響的研究……

因此，提供高水平的國際科學(xué)和技術(shù)訓(xùn)練比以往任何時候都更加重要，如中法工程師學(xué)院所提供的培養(yǎng)項目，其提供的通識課程和多元化課程使學(xué)生能夠以全球視野和國際規(guī)模來完成復(fù)雜的技術(shù)項目。中法工程師學(xué)院的項目廣受好評、頗具吸引力，這是因為其培養(yǎng)出來的工程師技能全面，能夠理解系統(tǒng)的復(fù)雜性，具有創(chuàng)造和創(chuàng)新的思維方式。中法工程師學(xué)院的畢業(yè)生大都是行業(yè)的佼佼者，他們不僅已做好充分準備積極投身到祖國的發(fā)展中去，也努力成為對其他文化開放的工程師，投身到跨國合作和世界和平的偉大事業(yè)中去。

Finally, in September 2020, Centrale Pékin was associated with developing the new campus of Beihang University in Hangzhou, which will allow more means and more surface for the development of the activities of the five existing research teams and the creation of many others.

Graduates with a wide range of skills are in high demand

In 2022, Centrale Pékin has graduated 11 batches of Master Engineers (i.e.,more than 800 graduates) and 14 Bachelor’s batches (4 of which include international students).

Thanks to generalist training, Centrale Pékin’s graduates have a wide range of job opportunities in different topics worldwide and are 100% employed within six months of graduation. Graduates mainly find employment in Asia (47%) and Europe (36%), but a number of them work in Africa(12%) and, to a lesser extent, in Australia and America. Between 70% and 75% of them are hired by Chinese or international companies. About 55%choose a Chinese company (35% public and 20% private), and 20% prefer a global company. The other graduates, 25% to 30%, continue their academic studies, mainly with a doctoral thesis or a Master’s degree (in Business,for example). About half of the graduates who have become doctors of science generally choose the academic route, and the other half choose the R&D departments of companies. The rate mentioned above of integration into the industrial fabric of our students is, therefore, all the higher.

Thanks to the involvement and unfailing support of its two founding partners, Beihang University and the Group of Ecoles Centrale, Centrale Pékin is a solid, dynamic, and ambitious Institute.

The societal challenges to be met now and in the future have become multidisciplinary in structure but also international and even global:growing and delocalized energy needs, technological development adapted to clean energies, artificial intelligence, optimized transport in large megacities, waste management, sustainable agriculture, water quality, access to healthcare for all, control of the impact of our activities on climate change.

It is, therefore, more important than ever to offer high-level international scientific and technical training such as that shown by the Ecole Centrale de Pékin, which provides a generalist and multicultural program that will enable graduates to carry out complex and technical projects with a global vision and on an international scale. A program such as the Ecole Centrale de Pékin remains particularly adapted and attractive by training engineers with a broad spectrum of skills capable of apprehending the complexity of systems with a mindset trained in creation and innovation.The students at Centrale Pékin are part of the elite of China today. They are well prepared to participate actively and effectively in the country’s development and meet the overall goals for 2035 outlined in the report of the 20th congress of C.P.C. The students of Centrale Pékin will be open to other cultures, ensure international collaboration, and participate in building a peaceful future world.