讓每個(gè)人都有機(jī)會(huì)過(guò)上健康而富有成效的生活
——訪(fǎng)比爾及梅琳達(dá)·蓋茨基金會(huì)北京代表處首席代表鄭志杰

為貫徹落實(shí)中央人才工作會(huì)議精神，科技部副部長(zhǎng)、國(guó)家外國(guó)專(zhuān)家局局長(zhǎng)李萌于2022年2月25日上午主持召開(kāi)外國(guó)專(zhuān)家座談會(huì)。來(lái)自美國(guó)、俄羅斯、英國(guó)、法國(guó)、瑞典、印度、埃及、日本、韓國(guó)等國(guó)11位在京工作的外國(guó)專(zhuān)家圍繞我國(guó)國(guó)際人才交流、科技管理、科研作風(fēng)學(xué)風(fēng)建設(shè)和科研倫理、科技成果評(píng)估、人才評(píng)價(jià)，以及開(kāi)放合作創(chuàng)新等方面作了專(zhuān)題發(fā)言。就是在這次座談會(huì)上，我見(jiàn)到比爾及梅琳達(dá)·蓋茨基金會(huì)北京代表處首席代表鄭志杰先生。會(huì)上，鄭志杰作了精彩發(fā)言。會(huì)后，我跟他約了這次采訪(fǎng)。

一次生死別離：從要救一個(gè)人到救數(shù)萬(wàn)萬(wàn)人

其實(shí)，我們的職業(yè)選擇背后都有必然，盡管看起來(lái)是偶然。

“我學(xué)醫(yī)的決心來(lái)自童年經(jīng)歷，我的小妹妹在她三歲的時(shí)候因?yàn)槟c道疾病離開(kāi)了人世，那是我生命中最早經(jīng)歷的一次離別。明明早上走的時(shí)候還是三個(gè)人，回來(lái)的時(shí)候就只剩下爸爸媽媽兩個(gè)人。那種刺痛和無(wú)能為力，讓我堅(jiān)定了學(xué)醫(yī)的想法?！痹卩嵵窘艿霓k公室，我們一落座，他就講起了個(gè)人經(jīng)歷。鄭志杰出生于浙江省臨海市的一個(gè)鄉(xiāng)村，兄弟三人，只有一個(gè)妹妹卻被今天看起來(lái)很“簡(jiǎn)單”的疾病奪去了生命。這樣的經(jīng)歷，我也有。母親懷過(guò)9個(gè)孩子，有3個(gè)都因?yàn)槟莻€(gè)年代的醫(yī)療匱乏而夭折。

然而，夢(mèng)想就是一粒種子，只要被用心澆灌、滋養(yǎng)就會(huì)發(fā)芽、長(zhǎng)大，開(kāi)花、結(jié)果。帶著學(xué)醫(yī)的信念，鄭志杰先后在上海醫(yī)科大學(xué)、復(fù)旦大學(xué)、美國(guó)北卡羅來(lái)納大學(xué)讀書(shū)。但是在接觸醫(yī)學(xué)的過(guò)程中，他逐步了解到預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)、公共衛(wèi)生的重要作用。

In the spirit of the Chinese Central Government Conference on Talent-Related Work, Li Meng, Vice Minister of Science and Technology and Director of the State Administration of Foreign Experts, hosted a forum for foreign experts in the morning of February 25, 2022. Eleven foreign experts from the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France,Sweden, India, Egypt, Japan, South Korea and other countries working professionally in Beijing made presentations on international talent exchange, science and technology management, research style and ethics, assessment of scientific and technological achievements, talent evaluation, and open cooperation and innovation in China. It was at this forum that I met Dr. Zheng Zhijie, Director of China Country Office at the Bill &Melinda Gates Foundation. After I heard his fascinating presentation I realized that I had to make an appointment to speak with him.

A separation of life and death: from saving one person to saving tens of millions of people

Even though career choice may seem accidental, I suppose that there is a sort of inevitability behind all of our career choices.

For Dr. Zheng Zhijie, it would seem almost fated…

“My determination to study medicine came from my childhood experience when my younger sister passed away when she was three years old because of an intestinal disease. That was one of the first times in my life that I experienced a parting of ways, the first time I experienced death. When I left the house in the early morning, there were three of us, but when I returned, there were only two of us left with mom and dad. That stabbing pain and powerlessness made me absolutely determined to study medicine.”

From the moment we were seated in Dr. Zheng Zhijie’s office, we began to trace his life path. Zheng Zhijie was born in a rural village in Linhai City, Zhejiang Province, to a family with three brothers and one sister, an only sister who nevertheless were taken away by what today seems to be a “run of the mill” easily treatable disease. Like Dr.Zheng, my mother had nine children, three of whom also died be-cause of the poor medical care. After hearing his story I instantly felt connected to Dr. Zheng, and his aspiration.

“我經(jīng)常引用美國(guó)約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院的院訓(xùn)，院訓(xùn)是這樣說(shuō)的：臨床醫(yī)生一次只能救一個(gè)人，但公共衛(wèi)生配合上好的政策措施，能夠挽救成千上萬(wàn)的生命。防患于未然，這對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是一種天然的吸引。就好像針對(duì)腹瀉，不僅需要藥物，還需要干凈的水源、安全的衛(wèi)生設(shè)施、良好的公共環(huán)境乃至落實(shí)到人的宣傳倡導(dǎo)，這些缺一不可。”為此，鄭志杰畢業(yè)后選擇從事公共衛(wèi)生相關(guān)的工作。在美國(guó)疾控中心和美國(guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院工作期間，他的工作領(lǐng)域一直是重大疾病預(yù)防與控制體系的監(jiān)測(cè)、評(píng)估和應(yīng)急機(jī)制。2010年，鄭志杰離開(kāi)學(xué)習(xí)工作生活了21年的美國(guó)回到祖國(guó)，擔(dān)任上海交通大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)。這個(gè)決定是神圣而艱難的，因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)他的兒子才10歲，夫人因?yàn)楣ぷ?、兒子因?yàn)樯蠈W(xué)不能和他回中國(guó)，從此，一家人就分隔兩地。在隨后的十多年里，從上海交大到北京大學(xué)，他一直在高校任職，致力于傳道授業(yè)解惑?！盀楣残l(wèi)生領(lǐng)域培養(yǎng)更多的專(zhuān)業(yè)人才，這為我?guī)?lái)了巨大的成就感?！编嵵窘苋逖诺臍赓|(zhì)、從容的話(huà)語(yǔ)，讓人感受到一種信念的力量和篤定的魅力。

作為特聘教授回國(guó)后，鄭志杰一方面培養(yǎng)人才，一方面推動(dòng)中國(guó)在全球健康、全球發(fā)展領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮更重要作用。比如，協(xié)助北京大學(xué)成立了北京大學(xué)全球健康與發(fā)展研究院。2021年10月25日，鄭志杰接任蓋茨基金會(huì)北京代表處首席代表，走上了以減少健康和發(fā)展領(lǐng)域不平等現(xiàn)象為己任、更大更新更專(zhuān)業(yè)的事業(yè)舞臺(tái)。

“加入蓋茨基金會(huì)對(duì)我而言是一個(gè)自然而然的決定。近年來(lái)，全球健康和發(fā)展與當(dāng)下、與我們每個(gè)人的關(guān)系越來(lái)越緊密。在全球化時(shí)代，如何團(tuán)結(jié)各方力量解決全球性問(wèn)題，創(chuàng)建一個(gè)更加公平和健康的世界，是這個(gè)時(shí)代的重要命題。作為全球最有影響力的基金會(huì)之一，蓋茨基金會(huì)扮演著十分重要而獨(dú)特的角色，一方面支持創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品和技術(shù)的開(kāi)發(fā)，另一方面通過(guò)建立廣泛的合作伙伴關(guān)系讓這些創(chuàng)新能夠?yàn)楦嗳怂?，以此?lái)推動(dòng)解決最復(fù)雜和最緊迫的全球性挑戰(zhàn)。我非常認(rèn)同基金會(huì)的理念，也看到中國(guó)在這一領(lǐng)域的巨大潛力。這份工作讓我能在一個(gè)更加廣闊的全球性平臺(tái)上撬動(dòng)資源、激發(fā)合作，幫助更多人改善健康、過(guò)上富有成效的生活?！睆囊幻R床醫(yī)生到預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)和公共衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域的專(zhuān)家，從一名高校教授到全球最大私人慈善基金會(huì)的重要人物，他用實(shí)際行動(dòng)踐行著自己最初的夢(mèng)想，讓更多人擁有健康、過(guò)上幸福生活。

A dream of aspiration, however, is like a seed that will sprout and grow. If it is to blossom and bear fruit, it must be watered and nourished with conviction. Determined to study medicine, Dr. Zheng studied at Shanghai Medical University, Fudan University, and the University of North Carolina in the United States. During his career and long exposure to the field of medicine, he gradually came to appreciate the important role of preventive medicine and public health.

“I often quote the vision of the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, which says that Protecting Health, Saving Lives-Millions at a Time. Prevention is better than the cure, and that idea has always held natural attraction for me. Similar to targeting a disease like diarrhea, not only drugs are needed, but also clean water, safe sanitation facilities, a sound public environment and even human advocacy initiatives are indispensable.” For these reasons, Zheng chose to pursue a public health-related career after graduation. In 2010, Zheng left the U.S., where he had lived and studied for 21 years, to return to his homeland taking up a post as Dean of the School of Public Health at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. This was a noble and difficult decision to make because his son was only 10 years old at the time and his wife and son could accompany him in his return to China because of work and school, and since then, the family has been separated from each other. For the next 10-plus years, Zheng has served in colleges and universities, from Shanghai Jiaotong University to Peking University,where he dedicated himself to education and teaching. Zheng Zhijie’s courteous temperament and calm manner of speaking gave me a sense of how powerful his conviction is for his work that leaves one invigorated by his determination. He says that “training more professionals for careers in public health has brought me an enormous sense of accomplishment.”

Since his return to China as a National Distinguished Professor, Dr.Zheng has cultivated talent while promoting a more important role for China in the field of global health and global development. Examples include his assistance of, Peking University in establishing the Peking University Institute for Global Health and Development, and on October 25, 2021, he took over as Director of China Country Office at the Bill &Melinda Gates Foundation, thus embarking on a larger,newer, and more specialized career taking on the mission of reducing inequality in health and development.

“Joining the Gates Foundation was a natural decision for me. In recent years, global health and development have become increasingly relevant to the here and now for each of us. In the age of globalization, it is an important time to unite the forces of all to solve global problems and create a more equitable and healthy world. The Gates Foundation, as one of the world’s most influential foundations, plays a very important and unique role in supporting the development of innovative products and technologies, and in making these innovations available to more people through a wide range of partnerships,thereby contributing to solving the most complex and pressing global challenges. I strongly identify with the Foundation’s vision and see great potential for China in this area. This work allows me to leverage our resources and inspire collaboration on a broader global platform to help more people improve their health and lead productive lives.”From serving as a clinician to acting as an authority in the field of preventive medicine and public health, as well as from being a university professor to a key figure in the world’s largest private philanthropic foundation, Dr. Zheng has fulfilled his original dream to enable more people to lead happy healthy lives.

蓋茨基金會(huì)與中國(guó)：促進(jìn)中國(guó)和全球健康公平

比爾·蓋茨在他的新書(shū)《如何預(yù)防下一次大流行》中講了他關(guān)注傳染病、關(guān)注貧困人群健康的原因，以及成立比爾及梅琳達(dá)·蓋茨基金會(huì)的初衷?！拔覍?duì)傳染病這一主題的熱情可以追溯到25年前，1997年1月，當(dāng)時(shí)我和梅琳達(dá)在《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》上讀到尼古拉斯·克里斯托夫（Nicholas Kristof）寫(xiě)的一篇文章。文中提到：每年有310萬(wàn)人死于腹瀉，而且?guī)缀醵际莾和Ｎ覀兏械胶苷痼@。每年300萬(wàn)兒童！怎么會(huì)有這么多孩子死于據(jù)我們所知只是導(dǎo)致不太舒服的疾病呢？”他帶著這份“不可思議”，查閱相關(guān)資料，了解到治療腹瀉的方法非常簡(jiǎn)單，只需一種可以補(bǔ)充腹瀉期間流失的營(yíng)養(yǎng)的廉價(jià)液體，但是這沒(méi)有惠及數(shù)百萬(wàn)兒童，于是他們就開(kāi)始提供資助，不僅大規(guī)模地推廣這種治療方法，還率先支持研發(fā)預(yù)防腹瀉的疫苗?！拔覀兿嘈牛谝粋€(gè)人人平等的世界中，所有人都應(yīng)從創(chuàng)新中受益，沒(méi)有任何一個(gè)孩子會(huì)死于可預(yù)防的疾病。但我們看到的是，不平等依然大量存在。這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)是我們慈善之路上的重要一步。震驚之余，我們心生憤慨，并決心為此采取行動(dòng)?！?/p>

2000年1月，比爾及梅琳達(dá)·蓋茨基金會(huì)成立，總部設(shè)在美國(guó)西雅圖。基金會(huì)于2007年成立北京代表處，2008年啟動(dòng)首個(gè)在華項(xiàng)目。此后十余年間，基金會(huì)不斷擴(kuò)大對(duì)華合作，項(xiàng)目涵蓋扶貧、結(jié)核病和艾滋病防治、煙草控制、助力非洲農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展和消除瘧疾等。截至2021年年底，基金會(huì)在全球144個(gè)國(guó)家開(kāi)展項(xiàng)目，贈(zèng)款總額超過(guò)650億美元，而婦幼健康自始至終都是其中最重要的工作領(lǐng)域之一。

在2月25日的外國(guó)專(zhuān)家座談會(huì)上，鄭志杰侃侃而談，儒雅、持重、睿智是他給我的最深刻印象。他在發(fā)言中首先介紹了自己的經(jīng)歷，然后談了蓋茨基金會(huì)與中國(guó)合作的情況，以及未來(lái)合作的建議。

蓋茨基金會(huì)目前在非洲有三個(gè)辦公室，在歐洲和亞洲分別有兩個(gè)辦公室，亞洲辦公室一個(gè)在中國(guó)一個(gè)在印度。鄭志杰在與我的對(duì)話(huà)中再次強(qiáng)調(diào)：“十幾年來(lái)，中國(guó)一直是基金會(huì)的重要合作伙伴。”他認(rèn)為，中國(guó)在公共衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域取得的長(zhǎng)足進(jìn)展令人矚目。

鄭志杰說(shuō)，我們一方面見(jiàn)證了中國(guó)在改善本國(guó)人民健康福祉方面的巨大成就，也很榮幸地參與到中國(guó)結(jié)核病、艾滋病防控，提升基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)療水平，擴(kuò)大國(guó)家免疫規(guī)劃等重要領(lǐng)域；另一方面我們也看到中國(guó)不斷加大科研投入，提升創(chuàng)新能力，并將新想法和新工具轉(zhuǎn)化為有效的公共產(chǎn)品，幫助挽救了其他國(guó)家數(shù)以?xún)|計(jì)的生命并改善了他們的生活。在這一過(guò)程中，基金會(huì)為中國(guó)合作伙伴提供資金和技術(shù)支持，并搭建國(guó)際合作的橋梁，幫助他們加速在衛(wèi)生、農(nóng)業(yè)和減貧領(lǐng)域的產(chǎn)品、技術(shù)和模式創(chuàng)新。我們也通過(guò)構(gòu)建全球伙伴關(guān)系，讓這些創(chuàng)新成果在中國(guó)和其他國(guó)家的脆弱人群中盡快得到普及。

The Gates Foundation and China: Promoting Health Equity in China and Around the World

“My passion for the subject goes back twenty-five years, to January 1997, when Melinda and I read an article inThe New York Timesby Nicholas Kristof. Nick reported that diarrhea was killing 3.1 million people every year, almost all of them children. We were shocked.Three million kids a year! How could that many children be dying from something that was, as far as we knew, little more than an uncomfortable inconvenience?" In his new book, “How to Prevent the Next Pandemic,” Bill Gates discusses his concern for infectious diseases and the health of the poor. With this seemingly inconceivable crisis in mind, he looked into the literature and learned that the cure for diarrhea was as simple as an inexpensive liquid that would replenish the nutrients lost during having diarrhea, but this treatment wasn’t reaching millions of children, so they began to provide funding, not only to promote this treatment on a large scale, but also to spearhead the development of a vaccine vaccinate against diarrhea.

The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation was founded in January 2000 and is headquartered in Seattle, Washington, USA. In 2007, the Foundation opened its office in Beijing before launching its first program in China in 2008. Since then, the foundation as a whole has expanded its cooperation with China over the past decade, with projects covering poverty alleviation, tuberculosis, AIDS prevention,tobacco control, agricultural development in African countries, and malaria eradication.

At the Foreign Experts Symposium on February 25th, Zheng Zhijie spoke eloquently, and I was most struck by his refinement, composure,and wisdom. In his speech, he first described his experience, then discussed the Gates Foundation’s cooperation with China, and proposed suggestions for future cooperation.

The Gates Foundation currently has three offices in Africa, two in Europe and two in Asia, in China and in India. In his conversation with me, Dr. Zheng reemphasized that “China has been an important partner of the foundation for more than a decade.” He observed that China has made remarkable strides in the field of public health.

Dr. Zheng said that on the one hand, we have witnessed China’s tremendous achievements in improving the health and well-being of its people, and we are proud to be involved in such important areas as the prevention and control of tuberculosis and AIDS in China, as well as the upgrading of primary health care and the expansion of the national immunization program. On the other hand, we have watched China continue to increase its investment in scientific research,improve its capacity for innovation, and have seen new ideas and tools turn into effective public goods that have helped save and improve the lives of hundreds of millions of lives in countries around the world. In this effort, the Foundation provides financial and technical support to its Chinese partners and builds bridges for international collaboration,helping to accelerate innovation in products, technologies, models in health, agriculture and poverty reduction. Dr. Zheng also noted that the Foundation works to build global partnerships to bring these innovations to vulnerable populations in China and other countries as quickly as possible.

在中國(guó)15年，蓋茨基金會(huì)主要秉持了兩個(gè)策略。一個(gè)“在中國(guó)為中國(guó)”，比如關(guān)于結(jié)核病、艾滋病防控和扶貧減貧問(wèn)題等。另一個(gè)是“在中國(guó)為世界”，這包括兩個(gè)方面：一是支持中國(guó)為全球提供公共產(chǎn)品，疫苗、藥物、診斷工具等。二是為了配合公共產(chǎn)品，支持中國(guó)成為全球健康與全球發(fā)展創(chuàng)新以及研發(fā)中心，成為更強(qiáng)、更有力的全球健康合作伙伴?！岸嗄陙?lái)，基金會(huì)與中國(guó)一起推動(dòng)在非洲消除瘧疾，中國(guó)在防治瘧疾方面有許多的經(jīng)驗(yàn)值得學(xué)習(xí)并推廣。”鄭志杰還舉例說(shuō)，基金會(huì)和中國(guó)在公共衛(wèi)生設(shè)施改革主要是改廁、改水方面也做了大量工作。他說(shuō)，單單關(guān)于廁所背后的科學(xué)和技術(shù)問(wèn)題非常多，比如在缺水、缺電的情況下，在非洲和中國(guó)西部地區(qū)鄉(xiāng)村或者家庭，如何解決廁所問(wèn)題包括殺菌、水處理等。

在促進(jìn)中國(guó)加速創(chuàng)新、促進(jìn)中國(guó)以及全球健康公平方面，鄭志杰特別介紹了幾個(gè)項(xiàng)目。比如，2016年蓋茨基金會(huì)與北京市政府、清華大學(xué)共同成立了全球健康藥物研發(fā)中心（GHDDI），如今它已成為以推動(dòng)健康公平為目標(biāo)的全球包容性創(chuàng)新生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的主要參與者。憑借中國(guó)的創(chuàng)新人才和研發(fā)資源，GHDDI與全球的研究機(jī)構(gòu)展開(kāi)合作，致力于建設(shè)新藥研發(fā)和轉(zhuǎn)化的平臺(tái)，旨在解決發(fā)展中國(guó)家面臨的突出疾病，提高相關(guān)藥物的可負(fù)擔(dān)性和可及性，以確保貧困人口能夠更快獲得所需藥物。GHDDI團(tuán)隊(duì)目前已經(jīng)開(kāi)展了十余個(gè)抗結(jié)核、新冠肺炎、瘧疾及包蟲(chóng)病的新藥項(xiàng)目管線(xiàn)并推進(jìn)至重要研發(fā)里程碑，其中兩個(gè)抗新冠肺炎小分子藥物計(jì)劃今年進(jìn)入臨床。

蓋茨基金會(huì)與國(guó)家自然基金委的長(zhǎng)期合作是另外一個(gè)調(diào)動(dòng)研發(fā)資源，為解決全球健康和發(fā)展問(wèn)題貢獻(xiàn)中國(guó)力量的例子。2015年起雙方共同設(shè)立了“中國(guó)大挑戰(zhàn)”系列項(xiàng)目，針對(duì)全球面臨的重大健康和發(fā)展挑戰(zhàn)，資助研究那些安全、有效、可負(fù)擔(dān)、易推廣的解決方案。2016年的首次“大挑戰(zhàn)”針對(duì)傳染病疫苗和治療方案，國(guó)內(nèi)四個(gè)項(xiàng)目獲得批準(zhǔn)，研究團(tuán)隊(duì)獲得雙方總計(jì)約400萬(wàn)美元的聯(lián)合資助。2020年新冠肺炎疫情之下，雙方迅速開(kāi)展新冠病毒研究應(yīng)急專(zhuān)項(xiàng)合作，共同投入200萬(wàn)美元，聯(lián)合資助5家中國(guó)研究團(tuán)隊(duì)開(kāi)展新冠病毒研究。2021年，雙方開(kāi)展“大挑戰(zhàn)：戶(hù)外瘧疾媒介控制項(xiàng)目”合作，共同投入300萬(wàn)美元，聯(lián)合遴選和資助6個(gè)國(guó)內(nèi)研究團(tuán)隊(duì)。今年，雙方發(fā)起農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域聯(lián)合資助項(xiàng)目，共同投入200萬(wàn)美元支持科研人員開(kāi)發(fā)創(chuàng)新解決方案，幫助低收入國(guó)家應(yīng)對(duì)威脅農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的氣候相關(guān)挑戰(zhàn)。該項(xiàng)目將重點(diǎn)資助兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域的研究，應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化和極端天氣的作物育種技術(shù)和策略，以及農(nóng)業(yè)綜合天氣指數(shù)保險(xiǎn)研究和實(shí)施。未來(lái)雙方將繼續(xù)合作支持全球健康和農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的創(chuàng)新研究，繼續(xù)推進(jìn)聯(lián)合國(guó)可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)，促進(jìn)各國(guó)科研人員的交流與合作。與此同時(shí)，基金會(huì)還與科技部、國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金委及相關(guān)部門(mén)合作，通過(guò)舉辦論壇等方式推動(dòng)國(guó)內(nèi)國(guó)際對(duì)全球健康和發(fā)展重要議題的探討，呼吁廣泛的國(guó)際合作。比如，2021年基金會(huì)與科技部相關(guān)部門(mén)共同舉辦了中關(guān)村論壇平行論壇“傳染病防治生物醫(yī)藥國(guó)際科技合作論壇”。從2020年開(kāi)始，基金會(huì)與科技部、上海市科委合作舉辦浦江創(chuàng)新論壇平行論壇“全球健康與發(fā)展論壇”；從2019年至今，基金會(huì)與國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金委合作舉辦的“全球健康學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì)”已成為年度重要國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)交流會(huì)議。2022浦江創(chuàng)新論壇以“生物醫(yī)藥科技前沿與生命健康產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)新”為主題，鄭志杰線(xiàn)上出席并發(fā)表主旨演講，他表示蓋茨基金會(huì)堅(jiān)持“所有生命價(jià)值平等”的信念，在全球健康領(lǐng)域的全價(jià)值鏈上為伙伴提供資金和技術(shù)支持，基金會(huì)希望未來(lái)在發(fā)揮中國(guó)創(chuàng)新優(yōu)勢(shì)解決全球挑戰(zhàn)上取得更多的成效和進(jìn)展。

In its 15 years in China, the Gates Foundation has pursued two primary strategies. First among them is “In China, For China”, that targets issues such as tuberculosis, AIDS and poverty alleviation. The second strategy that the Foundation pursues is named “In China, For the World,” includes support for China's to provide global public products,such as vaccines, drugs, diagnostic tools, and so on. The second is to complement public products and support China’s efforts to become a stronger and more powerful global health partner by establishing itself as a center for global health and global development innovation and R&D. According to Zheng, “Over the years, the Foundation has worked with China to promote the elimination of malaria in Africa. Because China has significant experience with the disease, there is much to learn from and replicate elsewhere.” For example, the foundation and China have also advanced a lot in terms of public sanitation reform,mainly in the areas of public toilets and water treatment. Zheng added that there are many scientific and technical issues concerning the science of just toilets alone, such as how to solve toilet problems including sterilization and water treatment in villages, be they households in Africa, or western China, where there isn’t access to enough water and electricity.

In terms of fostering accelerated innovation in China and promoting health equity, in China as well as globally, Zheng highlighted several projects. In 2016, the Gates Foundation, together with the Beijing Municipal Government and Tsinghua University, established the Global Health Drug Discovery Institute(GHDDI), which is now a major player in the global ecosystem of inclusive innovation aimed at advancing health equity. With China's innovative talent and R&D resources, the GHDDI works with research institutions around the world to build a platform for new drug development and scale-up,addressing prominent diseases in developing countries and improving the affordability and accessibility of relevant medicines to ensure that poor populations have more rapid access to the medicines they need. The GHDDI team is currently working on a portfolio of more than a dozen anti-tuberculosis, novel coronavirus, malaria, and worm diseases. To date the Institute has hit key development milestones including two small molecule treatments for coronavirus that are expected to be brought into clinics this year.

也許源于小時(shí)候的悲痛經(jīng)歷，鄭志杰十分關(guān)注生命健康主題。據(jù)相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，新中國(guó)成立前我國(guó)的嬰兒死亡率高達(dá)200‰，也就是說(shuō)1/5的寶寶在襁褓中就夭折了。令人欣慰的是，目前我國(guó)居民人均預(yù)期壽命已提高至78.2歲；孕產(chǎn)婦死亡率從16.9/10萬(wàn)降至16.1/10萬(wàn)，嬰兒死亡率從5.4‰降至5.0‰，均為歷史最低水平。“我相信，中國(guó)在過(guò)去幾十年所做的貢獻(xiàn)及取得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，可以作為公共產(chǎn)品供中低收入國(guó)家借鑒。”鄭志杰說(shuō)。

在推動(dòng)中國(guó)創(chuàng)新成為全球公共產(chǎn)品，惠及廣大發(fā)展中國(guó)家，提升全球健康水平方面，基金會(huì)也開(kāi)展了很多工作。鄭志杰舉了兩個(gè)例子，一是消除瘧疾二是疫苗公平。關(guān)于消除瘧疾，他介紹說(shuō)，2021年中國(guó)得到了世界衛(wèi)生組織消除瘧疾的認(rèn)證，對(duì)中國(guó)致力于在全球范圍內(nèi)抗擊瘧疾的行動(dòng)，基金會(huì)正在支持中國(guó)的多個(gè)合作伙伴開(kāi)展相關(guān)工作。一方面，基金會(huì)支持中國(guó)企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的青蒿素類(lèi)藥物進(jìn)一步提升質(zhì)量，作為高質(zhì)量的全球公共產(chǎn)品服務(wù)全球抗瘧事業(yè)。另一方面，基金會(huì)也在支持中國(guó)科研機(jī)構(gòu)開(kāi)展青蒿素生物合成優(yōu)化項(xiàng)目。如果這一構(gòu)想得以實(shí)現(xiàn)，將進(jìn)一步降低以青蒿素為基礎(chǔ)的聯(lián)合療法的成本并增加其供應(yīng)?；饡?huì)也與中國(guó)和非洲的伙伴一起合作，創(chuàng)新瘧疾防控模式。例如，基金會(huì)于2018年開(kāi)始支持中國(guó)和坦桑尼亞合作開(kāi)展創(chuàng)新試點(diǎn)，將中國(guó)消除瘧疾的經(jīng)驗(yàn)因地制宜地在非洲加以應(yīng)用，設(shè)計(jì)出適用于當(dāng)?shù)胤揽噩F(xiàn)狀的“以社區(qū)為基礎(chǔ)的1，7瘧疾檢測(cè)響應(yīng)模式”（1，7-mRCT），取得了顯著成果。目前，世界衛(wèi)生組織正在牽頭擴(kuò)大該模式在坦桑尼亞的覆蓋范圍，并推廣到贊比亞、塞內(nèi)加爾和布基納法索等其他瘧疾高發(fā)國(guó)家。

The Gates Foundation’s long-standing collaboration with the Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) is another excellent example of how R&D resources have been mobilized to contribute to global health and development issues in China. In 2015, the two Foundations jointly initiated the “Grand Challenges China” program to deal with major health and development challenges around the world and fund safe,effective, affordable and accessible solutions. In 2016 the first “Grand Challenges China” targeted vaccines and therapies for infectious diseases, yielded four project approvals in which research teams were awarded a total of approximately $4 million in co-funding. In 2021,the two partners launched another “Grand Challenges China” which zeroed in on outdoor vector control of malaria with a joint investment of $3 million to select and fund six Chinese teams. This year, the two organizations launched jointly funded programs in agriculture,that invested $2 million in research support to develop innovative solutions to help low-income countries address climate change related challenges that threaten agricultural production. The program will focus on funding research in two areas: crop breeding technologies and strategies to address climate change and extreme weather; and will research and implement comprehensive weather index policies that protect agriculture. In the future, the two organizations will continue to collaborate to support innovative research within the fields of global health and agriculture, and continue to promote the pursuit of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, and further exchange and collaboration among researchers globally. In parallel with these initiatives, the Foundation cooperates with the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), the NSFC, and other relevant departments to promote domestic and international discussions on important issues of global health and development, and to call for extensive international cooperation by holding forums. Among these,in 2021, the Foundation co-organized with the Ministry of Science and Technology the Zhongguancun Forum and the parallel related forum “International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Forum on Biomedicine for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases”.“Since 2020, the Foundation is cooperating with the National Ministry of Science and Technology and the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission to hold two parallel forums: the Pujiang Innovation Forum on “Global Health and Development”. The Foundation also continued its cooperation with the NSFC to organize the “Global Health Forum”, which has become an important annual international academic conference since 2019.

The Gates Foundation has also undertaken a number of efforts to promote Chinese innovation as a global public good, benefiting the developing world and improving global health at large. Zheng cited two examples of this: the eradication of malaria and the vaccine equity.With respect to malaria elimination, he explained that in 2021, China was recognized by the World Health Organization for the eradication of malaria domestically, and its continued commitment combat malaria globally with the support of the Foundation, and multiple other partners in China to carry out similar work. In one respect,the Foundation supports Chinese companies to further improve the quality of artemisinin-based drugs to better serve the global antimalaria cause by providing high-quality public products to the world.On another front, the Foundation also supports Chinese research institutions in their artemisinin biosynthesis optimization projects. If this concept comes to fruition, it will further reduce costs, and increase the availability of artemisinin-based combination therapies. From a systemic perspective, the Foundation with its partners in China and Africa, is also working to formulate models for malaria control. In 2018,the Foundation began supporting an innovative pilot collaboration between China and Tanzania to adapt China's experience in malaria elimination to Africa, designing a community-based 1,7-mRCT approach is applicable to the local control, has achieved outstanding results. The WHO is currently leading the scale-up of the approach in Tanzania and to other countries heavily burdened by malaria such as Zambia, Senegal and Burkina Faso.

關(guān)于疫苗公平，鄭志杰介紹說(shuō)，基金會(huì)一直與中國(guó)疫苗行業(yè)開(kāi)展廣泛合作，讓更多的中國(guó)疫苗成為全球公共品，縮小全球健康水平的差距。中國(guó)目前已經(jīng)有三個(gè)新冠疫苗進(jìn)入世衛(wèi)組織緊急使用清單，截至2021年年底，已通過(guò)雙邊和多邊渠道向全球提供了超過(guò)20億劑，其中多數(shù)供應(yīng)了發(fā)展中國(guó)家，為促進(jìn)疫苗公平貢獻(xiàn)了力量。除了新冠疫苗，多年來(lái)，中國(guó)疫苗企業(yè)還向發(fā)展中國(guó)家提供了通過(guò)世衛(wèi)組織預(yù)認(rèn)證的疫苗。以流行性乙型腦炎疫苗為例。15年前，基金會(huì)與幾家合作伙伴探索如何減輕全球流行性乙型腦炎造成的疾病負(fù)擔(dān)。乙腦經(jīng)由蚊子傳播，是亞洲病毒性腦炎的一個(gè)主要病種，每年有成千上萬(wàn)的兒童因此死亡或致殘。在了解到有一家中國(guó)企業(yè)發(fā)明了一種安全、有效、可負(fù)擔(dān)的單劑乙腦疫苗后，基金會(huì)資助合作伙伴PATH為這家中國(guó)企業(yè)提供全程技術(shù)支持。8年后，也就是2013年10月，這支乙腦疫苗通過(guò)了世界衛(wèi)生組織預(yù)認(rèn)證，為其在全球的推廣使用鋪平了道路。通過(guò)與Gavi等國(guó)際組織的合作，中國(guó)生產(chǎn)的乙腦疫苗為境外超過(guò)4億名兒童提供了保護(hù)。乙腦疫苗的成功獲批，也為更多中國(guó)疫苗獲得世衛(wèi)組織預(yù)認(rèn)證開(kāi)啟了良好勢(shì)頭。迄今，中國(guó)已有包括流感、脊髓灰質(zhì)炎和甲型肝炎在內(nèi)的多個(gè)疫苗獲得世衛(wèi)組織預(yù)認(rèn)證，可以供應(yīng)給有需要的國(guó)家。未來(lái)，基金會(huì)將持續(xù)在這一方面為中國(guó)企業(yè)提供支持、開(kāi)展合作。

預(yù)防下一次大流行：有賴(lài)于全球的團(tuán)結(jié)合作

“在我看來(lái)，發(fā)明創(chuàng)造的力量是世界發(fā)展的核心，但是在現(xiàn)實(shí)中，不可否認(rèn)，我們可能永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法設(shè)計(jì)出一種比一塊廉價(jià)的材料上縫上兩條彈性帶子更便宜、更有效的方法來(lái)阻止呼吸道病毒的傳播。”比爾·蓋茨對(duì)口罩的贊美令我驚嘆。他在新書(shū)《如何預(yù)防下一次大流行》中還講了使用口罩控制疾病的歷史。他說(shuō)，通過(guò)推廣口罩的使用來(lái)控制疾病的理念樸實(shí)而悠久，可以追溯到1910年。當(dāng)時(shí)，醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域先驅(qū)伍連德醫(yī)生應(yīng)中國(guó)政府要求，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)應(yīng)對(duì)滿(mǎn)洲里地區(qū)暴發(fā)的鼠疫，鼠疫的致死率為100%，有的甚至在24小時(shí)內(nèi)就會(huì)死亡。當(dāng)時(shí)，鼠疫被認(rèn)為是通過(guò)生活在老鼠身上受感染的跳蚤傳播。伍連德認(rèn)為，病原體不是通過(guò)嚙齒類(lèi)動(dòng)物傳播的，而是通過(guò)空氣傳播。他堅(jiān)持要求醫(yī)務(wù)人員、病人甚至普通民眾都佩戴口罩。當(dāng)然實(shí)際上你可能被老鼠攜帶的跳蚤傳染，但更危險(xiǎn)的情況是，當(dāng)病原體感染了患者的肺部，進(jìn)而會(huì)通過(guò)空氣傳播給其他人。伍連德的策略阻止了疫情的進(jìn)一步惡化，在很大程度上，由于他的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，在中國(guó)口罩用于預(yù)防疾病、空氣重污染或兩者兼具，人們對(duì)此習(xí)以為常。即使新冠肺炎沒(méi)有發(fā)生，佩戴口罩也仍是當(dāng)今中國(guó)社會(huì)習(xí)慣的一部分。2020年3月，中國(guó)疾控中心主任高福院士表示，美國(guó)和歐洲最大的錯(cuò)誤是人們沒(méi)有佩戴口罩。

On the subject of global vaccine equity, Zheng explains that the Foundation has been collaborating extensively with the Chinese vaccine industry to make more Chinese vaccines global public goods and make them widely available to close worldwide health disparities.China now has three COVID-19 vaccines on the WHO list of vaccines for emergency use, and as of the end of 2021, China has made more than two billion vaccine shots globally available through bilateral and multilateral channels, most of which have been supplied to developing countries and thereby contributing to the promotion of vaccine equity. In addition to COVID-19 vaccines, for many years,China has both made and supplied WHO prequalified vaccines to developing countries. Fifteen years ago, the Foundation and several partners explored ways to reduce the global burden of diseases by targeting epidemic encephalitis B. Spread by mosquitoes, this form of encephalitis is a leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia that kills or disables thousands each year. After learning that a Chinese company had invented a safe, effective and affordable single-dose encephalitis B vaccine, the Foundation funded its partner Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH) that provides technical support to the Chinese vaccine producer throughout the duration of the project.

Eight years later, in October 2013, this encephalitis B vaccine was prequalified by the World Health Organization thus paving the way for its widespread use worldwide. Collaboration with international organizations such as Global Alliance for Vaccine Immunization (Gavi),helped the China-made encephalitis B vaccine protect more than 400 million children beyond its manufacturers borders. The WHO approval of the China-made encephalitis vaccine also kick-started forward momentum for more Chinese vaccines to be pre-qualified for use. To date, several vaccines that are made in China, including influenza, polio and hepatitis A, have been pre-qualified by the WHO for use in countries in need. In the future, the Foundation will continue to support and collaborate with Chinese companies in this area.

Preventing the next pandemic requires global solidarity and cooperation

比爾及梅琳達(dá)·蓋茨基金會(huì)北京代表處首席代表鄭志杰先生

I applaud Bill Gates for his praise of masks. In his new book, “How to Prevent the Next Pandemic,” Gates describes the long history of simple masks to control the spread of disease and amusingly comments: “ This is a little hard to admit, because the power of inventing things is so central to my worldview, but it’s true: We may never devise a cheaper,more effective way to block the transmission of certain respiratory viruses than a piece of inexpensive material with a couple of elastic straps sewn onto it.” In 1910, when masks were first being introduced,Dr. Wu Lien-teh, a Chinese pioneer in the field of medicine, was asked by the Chinese government to lead the response to an outbreak of plague in the Manchuria region, which had a 100% lethality rate, with some dying within 24 hours. At the time, the plague was thought to be spread by infected fleas living on rats. Dr. Wu Lien-teh believed that the pathogen was not spread by rodents, but rather, was by airborne transmission. He insisted that medical personnel, patients, and even the general public wear masks. Of course you can actually be infected with the plague by fleas carried by rats, but the more dangerous scenario is when the pathogen is spread to others through the air and in turn infects the lungs. Dr. Wu Lien-teh’s mask wearing strategy fortunately prevented the epidemic from worsening, and thanks in large part to his leadership, masks for preventing disease, heavy air pollution, or both,later became commonplace in China. Even if COVID-19 did not occur,mask wearing would still be part of the social habits commonly found in China. In March 2020, academician Gao Fu, director of the Chinese CDC, said that the biggest mistake in the United States and Europe was that people did not wear masks.

“人們一直在生病，但不是每種疾病都會(huì)暴發(fā)。”比爾·蓋茨接著說(shuō)，“疫情暴發(fā)無(wú)法避免，大流行卻可以防范。”除了佩戴口罩，還有保持社交距離、良好的通風(fēng)等這些非藥物干預(yù)措施，這些措施與疫苗搭配使用，就“可以幫助我們最終消滅所有流感病毒株”。

Bill Gates notes that “People get sick all the time, but not every illness leads to an out break..” In his book, Gates observed “Outbreaks are inevitable, but pandemics are optional.” In addition to wearing masks,there are non-pharmaceutical interventions such as maintaining social distance and good ventilation that, when paired with vaccines, “could help us eventually eradicate every strain of flu”.

關(guān)于新冠疫苗的研制、上市和接種的速度是令人難以置信的——2020年新冠肺炎疫情暴發(fā)，2021年疫苗上市并實(shí)現(xiàn)了全球50%的人口接種。然而，在新冠肺炎大流行前，疫苗研發(fā)速度的極限紀(jì)錄是4年。但是“生產(chǎn)疫苗并獲得批準(zhǔn)只是一個(gè)方面，如何避免形成一個(gè)疫苗獲取存在差異的世界完全是另一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)”。蓋茨基金會(huì)在這一領(lǐng)域的第一個(gè)主要項(xiàng)目是幫助創(chuàng)建和組織——全球疫苗免疫聯(lián)盟（Gavi），這是一個(gè)籌集資金以幫助貧窮國(guó)家購(gòu)買(mǎi)疫苗的組織。

我們知道，這次新冠肺炎疫情的波及范圍之大、持續(xù)時(shí)間之長(zhǎng)都是前所未見(jiàn)的，也因此對(duì)全球最脆弱群體造成了尤為嚴(yán)重的影響——全球極端貧困人口增加了7%，疫苗接種率降至20世紀(jì)90年代的水平，結(jié)核病和瘧疾的發(fā)病和死亡人數(shù)都出現(xiàn)了十多年來(lái)的首次上升?？箵粢咔?，除了非藥物措施和接種疫苗，還有其他辦法嗎？或者說(shuō)如何讓比爾·蓋茨說(shuō)的兩種辦法真正發(fā)揮作用呢？

鄭志杰認(rèn)為，這要有賴(lài)于全球的團(tuán)結(jié)合作。“盡管依靠各地科學(xué)家的通力協(xié)作，全球僅用18個(gè)月就史無(wú)前例地制造出了安全、有效的疫苗，但我更想說(shuō)的是，只有科技還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠。最終抗疫成敗的關(guān)鍵，有賴(lài)于團(tuán)結(jié)合作的范圍和程度。有人說(shuō)，新冠肺炎大流行是全球化的產(chǎn)物。但實(shí)際上，造成疫情不斷傳播的原因恰恰是人類(lèi)無(wú)法互通有無(wú)、有效協(xié)作。不論是早期對(duì)抗疫物資的爭(zhēng)搶?zhuān)€是仍在持續(xù)的疫苗不公平分配，這些都沒(méi)有能減緩疫情在全球的蔓延趨勢(shì)，反而讓病毒持續(xù)變異，讓人們處于更危險(xiǎn)的境地?！彼榻B說(shuō)，由世衛(wèi)組織、歐盟委員會(huì)、法國(guó)和蓋茨基金會(huì)發(fā)起成立的“全球合作加速開(kāi)發(fā)、生產(chǎn)、公平獲取新冠肺炎防控新工具”倡議（ACT-A）和“新冠疫苗實(shí)施計(jì)劃”（COVAX）發(fā)揮了重要作用。截至2022年5月，COVAX已經(jīng)向146個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)提供了超過(guò)15億劑新冠疫苗；截至4月，ACT-A向中低收入國(guó)家提供了超過(guò)1.56億份新冠試劑。2月，中國(guó)與Gavi簽訂協(xié)議，決定向COVAX捐贈(zèng)1億美元，并已向COVAX供應(yīng)超過(guò)2億劑新冠疫苗，為提高疫苗在發(fā)展中國(guó)家的可及性和可負(fù)擔(dān)性發(fā)揮了建設(shè)性作用。但是，至今非洲國(guó)家完成兩針新冠疫苗接種率僅8%——這次疫情凸顯了全球合作的重要性。人類(lèi)只有通過(guò)全球合作實(shí)現(xiàn)抗疫工具的公平獲取，才能取得更大的進(jìn)展，才能盡早終結(jié)疫情。

The blistering pace of COVID-19 vaccine R&D to availability to the market has been mind boggling. Before the pandemic, the fastest that a vaccine had ever went from development to widespread use was just 4 years, yet from the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020, new vaccines hit the market in record speed, and 50% of the global population was vaccinated by 2021. But “producing vaccines and getting them approved is only one piece of the puzzle; avoiding a world of disparities in access to vaccine is quite another challenge altogether.” The Gates Foundation’s first major undertaking was to address the disparity been to help create and organize the Gavi, an organization that raises funds to help poor countries buy vaccines.

We know that the COVID-19 pandemic has been unprecedented in its scope and duration, and as a result the world’s most vulnerable populations in poor countries have been disproportionally severely impacted by other crises. Due to the pandemic we have seen an increase of 7% in extreme global poverty, a drop in vaccination rates to 1990s levels, and have experienced the first increase in both incidence and deaths from tuberculosis and malaria in more than a decade. This begs the question:are there other ways to fight the epidemics than non-pharmaceutical measures and vaccination? Alternatively, how can we make the two approaches Bill Gates advocates for actually work?

According to Dr. Zheng, this depends on global support and cooperation. “Although by relying on the collaborative efforts of scientists from around the world led to the world production of safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines in an unprecedentedly speedy 18 months, I would go further and say that employing technology alone is not enough.Ultimately the key to success or failure in the fight against the pandemics depends on the scope and extent of our solidarity and cooperation.Some say that the COVID-19 pandemic is a product of globalization, in reality, the cause of the ongoing spread of the epidemic is precisely the inability of humanity to cooperate effectively. Neither the early scramble for anti-epidemic supplies nor the ongoing inequitable distribution of vaccines has slowed the global spread of the pandemic, but rather virus has been allowed to continue to mutate and put people at greater risk.” Dr. Zheng says that the Global Collaboration to Accelerate the Development, Production, and Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator(ACTA) initiative and the COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX), which was established by the WHO, as well as the European Commission,France and the Gates Foundation, have all played important roles. As of May, 2022, COVAX delivered more than 1.5 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines to 146 countries and territories of which ACT-A procured and delivered more than 156 million COVID-19 tests to low and middle income countries. Among collaborators, The People’s Republic of China donated $100 million and supplied more than 200 million doses of COVID-19 vaccine to the COVAX program. Despite this, the fact that only 8 percent of the population in African countries have received two doses of COVID-19 vaccine underscores the importance of global cooperation. Only with global cooperation to achieve equitable access to tools to fight the COVID-19 pandemic, can humanity make headway fighting the Pandemic and finally extinguish it sooner, rather than later.

在抗擊新冠肺炎疫情中，中國(guó)取得重大成果，這得益于“非典”過(guò)后的近20年里，中國(guó)在國(guó)家、省、市、縣各級(jí)建立了全國(guó)疾控中心網(wǎng)絡(luò)，有80余萬(wàn)公共衛(wèi)生專(zhuān)職人員通過(guò)實(shí)時(shí)報(bào)告系統(tǒng)和協(xié)調(diào)網(wǎng)絡(luò)來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)公共衛(wèi)生突發(fā)事件；還有2014年中國(guó)派出一支由 1200多名臨床醫(yī)生、公共衛(wèi)生專(zhuān)家組成的醫(yī)療隊(duì)，奔赴非洲助力控制埃博拉疫情，在100天內(nèi)在塞拉利昂建立了一個(gè)生物安全防護(hù)三級(jí)實(shí)驗(yàn)室……中國(guó)的公共衛(wèi)生體系在“非典”疫情之后得到了顯著加強(qiáng)。

鄭志杰說(shuō)，中國(guó)不斷完善其全球健康與發(fā)展創(chuàng)新體系，以及為全球健康與發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)自身力量，蓋茨基金會(huì)期待中國(guó)繼續(xù)增強(qiáng)研發(fā)能力，激發(fā)更多創(chuàng)新成果，并推動(dòng)這些成果有效轉(zhuǎn)化為市場(chǎng)解決方案，促進(jìn)健康產(chǎn)品以國(guó)際質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)現(xiàn)規(guī)?；a(chǎn)，參與應(yīng)對(duì)全球健康與發(fā)展面臨的共同挑戰(zhàn)，為其他發(fā)展中國(guó)家的發(fā)展帶來(lái)更大的積極影響。北京代表處將在促進(jìn)中國(guó)強(qiáng)化國(guó)際科技交流、積極參與全球創(chuàng)新網(wǎng)絡(luò)、推進(jìn)基礎(chǔ)研究和科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化、幫助連接全球資源、建立創(chuàng)新合作模式等方面持續(xù)努力，與中國(guó)的公共與私營(yíng)部門(mén)深化合作，探索更多合作模式在全球大流行、應(yīng)對(duì)和防范重大傳染病、疫苗與藥物研發(fā)、健康產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新、農(nóng)業(yè)研發(fā)、公共衛(wèi)生設(shè)施革新等領(lǐng)域，催化產(chǎn)生更多科技創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目和產(chǎn)品，并培育更多研發(fā)創(chuàng)新人才。

從20世紀(jì)90年代末比爾和梅琳達(dá)為改變低收入國(guó)家每年有數(shù)百萬(wàn)兒童死于可預(yù)防疾病現(xiàn)狀的初衷，到今天蓋茨基金會(huì)已經(jīng)為全球健康與發(fā)展作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)，我們看到“讓每個(gè)人都過(guò)上健康而富有成效的生活”的理念一路熠熠發(fā)光，并且越來(lái)越達(dá)成更多共識(shí)、得到更多支持。國(guó)內(nèi)、國(guó)外，體制內(nèi)、體制外，鄭志杰的豐富經(jīng)歷使他深知，基金會(huì)相對(duì)于政府而言，可以更快地采取行動(dòng)、承擔(dān)更多風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，從而形成以循證為基礎(chǔ)的、可規(guī)模化推廣的方法。他說(shuō)，無(wú)論是在全球抗擊新冠肺炎疫情還是與中國(guó)一起促進(jìn)疫苗公平，我們都深刻地體會(huì)到——政府在引領(lǐng)政策制定和資源調(diào)動(dòng)上擁有絕對(duì)的主導(dǎo)權(quán)。但是應(yīng)對(duì)衛(wèi)生健康挑戰(zhàn)所需的資源又是任何一個(gè)單獨(dú)的部門(mén)或行業(yè)所無(wú)法承擔(dān)的，政府、私營(yíng)部門(mén)、民間和慈善組織在內(nèi)的所有部門(mén)應(yīng)該一起行動(dòng)，發(fā)揮各自應(yīng)有的作用。

China has made significant gains in the fight against the pandemic thanks to the establishment of a national network of centers for disease control at the national, provincial, municipal and county levels. In the nearly 20 years since SARS, the Chinese CDC has employed more than 800,000 public health professionals that respond to public health emergencies through a real-time reporting system and coordination network. The CDC network dispatched a medical brigade of more than 1,200 clinicians and public health experts to Africa in 2014 to help control the Ebola outbreak and established a biosafety level 3 laboratory in Sierra Leone within 100 days of the outbreak. From this it is obvious that China’s public health system gained significant momentum in the wake of the SARS epidemic.

Zheng Zhijie notes that as China continuously optimizes its global health and innovate systems for development, it additionally contributes its own strengths to global health and development, the Gates Foundation expects China to continue to enhance its R&D capabilities, stimulate more innovations, and commercialize the effective translation of these achievements into market solutions, promote the production of health products at scale with international quality standards, participate in solving common challenges facing global health and development, and bring a stronger positive impacts to the development of other developing countries.

The Beijing Gates Foundation office will continue its efforts to strengthen China’s participation in international science and technology exchanges by promoting active participation in global innovation networks, promoting of commercialization of basic research and scientific and technological achievements, helping to connect global resources, and establishing innovative cooperation models to deepen cooperation with China’s public and private sectors. The Foundation will also continue to explore additional models for cooperation. This will be focused in the realms of global pandemics, response and prevention of major infectious diseases, vaccine and drug development, promote innovations in health products, agricultural research and development, public health facility innovations, acting as a catalyst to generate more innovative projects in science and technology,products, and train more innovative R&D professionals.

Since Bill and Melinda Gates became first inspired in the late 1990s to change the status quo of preventable diseases that kill millions of children in low-income countries every year, the Gates Foundation has been able to significantly contribute to global health and development and thus materialize their vision for “a healthy and productive life for everyone” while fostering consensus and added support for the cause. Dr. Zheng’s extensive experience in China and abroad, both in public service and the private sector, led him to the deep realization that the Foundation could act more rapidly and take more risks than governments could and evidence-based approaches could be scaled up via its support. Whether we are fighting COVID-19 globally or working with China to promote vaccine equity, Dr.Zheng says that we have learned that governments have absolute dominance in leading policy development and resource mobilization. However,the resources needed to address health challenges are beyond the reach of any one sector or industry alone, and all sectors - government, private sector, civil society and philanthropic organizations - should act together to play their respective roles.

在鄭志杰簡(jiǎn)單、整潔的辦公室里，在北京代表處中西合璧的各個(gè)角落，我們都可以感受到一種文化?！盁o(wú)論人們身處何種環(huán)境，住在哪里、生活怎樣，我們都抱有同樣的夢(mèng)想和希望?！泵妨者_(dá)·弗蘭奇·蓋茨的話(huà)被印在一張海報(bào)上。海報(bào)前面放著被動(dòng)式疫苗冷藏設(shè)備Arktek和Mazzi牛奶桶。鄭老師詳細(xì)地向我介紹這些設(shè)備的來(lái)源和用途。這些于我來(lái)說(shuō)遙遠(yuǎn)的故事忽然那么親切。是的，它們關(guān)乎每個(gè)人的健康，也關(guān)乎一種夢(mèng)想和希望。而只要有夢(mèng)想就有未來(lái)。

“未來(lái)依然值得期待。”鄭志杰堅(jiān)定地說(shuō)，2050年時(shí)，在大規(guī)模接種的幫助下，脊灰很可能成為世界上第二種被根除的人類(lèi)傳染?。籋PV疫苗的公平可及則有可能讓宮頸癌成為人類(lèi)根除的第一種癌癥；在新冠肺炎疫情中發(fā)揮重要作用的mRNA技術(shù)平臺(tái)，將很可能助力我們?cè)诎滩?、結(jié)核病、瘧疾預(yù)防方面取得突破性的進(jìn)展；而環(huán)境衛(wèi)生技術(shù)的變革，例如無(wú)下水道廁所的廣泛使用也將保護(hù)更多人免受污染和潛在致命疾病暴發(fā)的危害；在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域，更高產(chǎn)、更能抵御氣候變化的新作物將幫助小農(nóng)戶(hù)渡過(guò)氣候危機(jī)……我們一起努力，大流行就可以避免，世界將變得更加公平和健康。

“他是一個(gè)極其敏銳、淵博，具有超強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)能力的人。”這是鄭志杰對(duì)比爾·蓋茨的評(píng)價(jià)。鄭志杰印象最深的就是蓋茨對(duì)他的面試，“當(dāng)時(shí)還有點(diǎn)緊張，但是談了幾分鐘后就不緊張了，我們交流了一個(gè)多小時(shí)”。我問(wèn)鄭志杰“蓋茨是一位慈善家還是企業(yè)家”，他說(shuō)，“蓋茨先生是一位成功的企業(yè)家，也是一位成功的慈善家，他尤其強(qiáng)調(diào)慈善的影響力”，不僅這些，蓋茨還有專(zhuān)家學(xué)者的博學(xué)、慎思和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。他接著說(shuō)，蓋茨是我們的榜樣，特別是青少年的榜樣。他希望青少年能充滿(mǎn)好奇心和野心。這里的野心是指追求和夢(mèng)想。教育不能讓所有人成為“平均的人”。

我曾看到一個(gè)故事說(shuō)，比爾·蓋茨7歲時(shí)，幻想制造一個(gè)香煙盒那么大但能把一大本大百科全書(shū)都收進(jìn)去的魔盒。當(dāng)然，他的“幻想”已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)。我想，蓋茨和基金會(huì)、鄭志杰和中國(guó)，還有我們所有人只要心中永遠(yuǎn)充滿(mǎn)“幻想”并且付諸行動(dòng)，“幻想”一定會(huì)照進(jìn)現(xiàn)實(shí)。

對(duì)了，比如，科技創(chuàng)新就是來(lái)自幻想。

In Zheng’s simple, clean, office in Beijing at the Foundation, one gains a sense if it being a place where China, the East, meets the West. “Whatever the conditions of people’s lives, wherever they live, however they live, they share the same hopes.” are the words of Melinda French Gates printed on a poster in the office. In front of the poster sat on display an Arktek, a passive vaccine refrigeration device, and the Mazzi milk bucket. Zheng explained to me in detail where these devices came from and what they were used for. These stories, which were really abstract to me, suddenly hit home. Yes,they are about everyone’s health, but they were really about a dream of hope. And as long as there is a dream, there is a future.

“The future is still worth looking forward to,” Zheng says firmly. Much can improve. By 2050, with the help of mass vaccination, polio will likely be the world’s second human infectious disease to be eradicated. Equitable access to HPV vaccines in the future also has the potential to make cervical cancer the first cancer to be eradicated. Still also, the COVID-19 pandemic has played an important role in the future scale up of mRNA technology platforms which will likely help us make breakthroughs in AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria prevention. Changes in sanitation technologies, such as the widespread use of sewer-less toilets, will protect more people from pollution and potentially deadly disease outbreaks. In agriculture, new crops that are more productive and more resistant to climate change will help small scale farmers survive the looming climate crisis. Finally, we can avoid pandemics if we work together and the world can become a fairer and healthier place.

“He is an extremely sharp, knowledgeable person with a superb ability to learn,” so says Zheng Zhijie says about Bill Gates. Zheng recalls being interviewed by Gates as being particularly memorable. Zheng says “I was still a little nervous, but after talking for a few minutes I was not nervous anymore,and we ended up talking for more than an hour”. I asked Dr. Zheng “is Bill Gates a philanthropist or an entrepreneur”? Zheng responded that “Mr.Gates is indeed not only a successful entrepreneur; he is also a successful philanthropist that especially emphasizes the impact of charity”. Furthermore,Gates also has the erudition of a scholar and he is deliberate and rigorous in the way he thinks. Dr. Zheng went on to opine that Mr. Gates is a role model for us, especially for young people. He [Gates] wants young people to be curious and ambitious in terms of their curiosity and advises them to dream big.Education cannot merely be for the “average person” he says.

I once read that when Bill Gates was 7 years old, he imagined that he could create a magic box that was as big as a cigarette box that could fit a large encyclopedia in it. Of course, in the end, he made this a reality. I think that if we are like Gates and the Foundation, Zheng Zhijie and China, if we forever imagine, if we continue to dream, we will surely see our dreams become reality.

I suppose that innovation in science and technology really is just imagination and conviction materialized.