北京市大興區(qū)教師進(jìn)修學(xué)校(102600)趙 娟
從2020 年開始,北京市大興區(qū)成為教育部深度學(xué)習(xí)項(xiàng)目實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)之一,區(qū)內(nèi)所有中學(xué)都被列為實(shí)驗(yàn)校。作為區(qū)域教研人員,以及項(xiàng)目參與人和SOLO 學(xué)習(xí)項(xiàng)目優(yōu)秀成員,筆者結(jié)合2021 年北京高考英語卷的新題型——閱讀表達(dá),在學(xué)習(xí)期間與實(shí)踐過程中進(jìn)行了有關(guān)高中英語學(xué)科深度學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)落地的探索,也進(jìn)行了該題型測評方面的細(xì)化策略研究。
深度學(xué)習(xí)是指在教學(xué)中,學(xué)生積極參與、全身心投入、獲得健康發(fā)展的有意義的學(xué)習(xí)過程;其特點(diǎn)是活動與體驗(yàn)、本質(zhì)與變式、聯(lián)想與結(jié)構(gòu)、遷移與創(chuàng)新、價值與評價;其定位在于既從學(xué)生立場出發(fā),直指學(xué)生有深度、有意義的學(xué)習(xí),又從教師角度切入,引導(dǎo)教師在對教學(xué)做系統(tǒng)思考和相應(yīng)研究的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行教學(xué)設(shè)計和評價等;其注重對核心素養(yǎng)目標(biāo)的追求。其中,測評是重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn),也是體現(xiàn)該理論落地的輸出點(diǎn)。
SOLO 分類理論最早由澳大利亞學(xué)者提出,是一種以等級描述為基本特征的質(zhì)性評價方法。采用SOLO 分類理論測評試題由低階到高階分為5個層級,分別為:前結(jié)構(gòu)水平(P)、單點(diǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)水平(U)、多點(diǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)水平(M)、關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)水平(R)和拓展抽象水平(E)。其作為關(guān)注意義和思維的評價體系,科學(xué)而緊密地對接了高中英語學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)的學(xué)習(xí)理解、應(yīng)用實(shí)踐、遷移創(chuàng)新層級。
1.高三年級英語學(xué)科閱讀表達(dá)試題測評中學(xué)生SOLO分類理論視角審題解題進(jìn)階能力培養(yǎng)。
2.學(xué)生不了解閱讀表達(dá)試題完全按SOLO分類理論的層級結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行設(shè)問,解答時跑偏。
3.對于閱讀表達(dá)試題的4 個小題(通常為卷子中的第40~43題),依照SOLO分類理論的設(shè)問原則和相對應(yīng)的答題策略、步驟等進(jìn)行探究。
1.對閱讀表達(dá)題的4 個小問題應(yīng)用SOLO 分類理論進(jìn)行審題優(yōu)化,尤其注意評價研究。
2.以整個北京市大興區(qū)作為實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū),采集閱讀表達(dá)題的4個小問題答題數(shù)據(jù)并進(jìn)行分析。
3.將SOLO分類理論結(jié)合高中英語教學(xué)實(shí)踐作為整個實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)的高中教研主題,進(jìn)行系列化教研與教學(xué),惠及北京新高考和新課標(biāo)下的高中學(xué)生。
1.創(chuàng)建北京高考新題型——閱讀表達(dá)試題資源包(注:本高考試題僅為說明文文體)。
2.依據(jù)試題資源包進(jìn)行第40~43題的SOLO 分類理論視域?qū)蛹壠ヅ鋭澐帧?/p>
3.依據(jù)試題資源包進(jìn)行第40~43 題的高中英語新課標(biāo)提出的核心素養(yǎng)(學(xué)習(xí)活動觀)及學(xué)業(yè)水平評價指標(biāo)匹配劃分。
4.將以上第2、3 小點(diǎn)的劃分層級對接調(diào)研,初步分析該大題各小題的逐級設(shè)問原則。
5.初步優(yōu)化北京新高考閱讀表達(dá)試題的解題策略(細(xì)化到每一個小題)。
6.將設(shè)問原則與相應(yīng)的解題策略投入教學(xué)實(shí)踐指導(dǎo),驗(yàn)證假設(shè),檢驗(yàn)、修改,得出更體現(xiàn)深度學(xué)習(xí)的策略結(jié)論。
下面是從閱讀表達(dá)試題資源包中抽取的一道題:
After years of observing human nature,I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance—curiosity and discontent(不 滿 足).I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either.And I have never known an average man who had both.The two belong together.
Together,these deep human urges(驅(qū) 策 力)count for much more than ambition.Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground.Like Galileo,all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent,“Why?Why?Why?”
Fortunately,curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned.We are born with them and need only recapture them.
“The great man,”said Mencius(孟子),“is he who does not lose his child’s heart.”Yet most of us do lose it.We stop asking questions.We stop challenging custom.We just follow the crowd.And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average.It encourages us to occupy our own little corner,to avoid foolish leaps into the dark,to be satisfied.
Most of us meet new people,and new ideas,with hesitation.But once having met and liked them,we think how terrible it would have been,had we missed the chance.We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.
How should you start? Modestly,so as not to become discouraged.I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself.She was curious about how the experts did it.Now she is one of the experts,writing books on flower arrangement.
One way to begin is to answer your own excuses.You haven’t any special ability? Most people don’t;there are only a few geniuses.You haven’t any time?That’s good,because it’s always the people with no time who get things done.Harriet Stowe,mother of six,wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while cooking.You’re too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel,and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.
However you start,remember there is no better time to start than right now,for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment.
40.According to this passage,what qualities contribute to a person’s success?(UM,2分,學(xué)習(xí)理解)
41.What does the example of Galileo tell us?(MR,2分,學(xué)習(xí)理解)
42.Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why.
We will have to force ourselves to keep awake when we meet new people and ideas.(MR,3 分,應(yīng)用實(shí)踐)
43.Do you think you’ve lost your“child’s heart”ever before?Why or why not?(about 40 words)(RE,5分,遷移創(chuàng)新)
根據(jù)學(xué)生實(shí)際作答情況,我們逐題進(jìn)行了完全基于SOLO分類理論的探究(詳見表1至表4):
表1 第40題分析
表2 第41題分析
表3 第42題分析
表4 第43題分析
在4 個小題的審題及解題策略探究中,我們關(guān)注了SOLO 分類理論的進(jìn)階視角,發(fā)現(xiàn)北京高考閱讀表達(dá)新題型考查方向與SOLO 分類理論高度一致,因此開發(fā)了以上的審題與解題工具。所有數(shù)據(jù)均來源于第一手的教學(xué)測評結(jié)果。對于4 個小題所體現(xiàn)的高中英語學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)的分析,我們在研究時將其放在第一步試題解構(gòu)中。
表5 SOLO視域下指向深度學(xué)習(xí)的高中英語閱讀表達(dá)試題測評量規(guī)
續(xù)表
基于深度學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo),我們對北京高考新題型——閱讀表達(dá)的測評量規(guī)進(jìn)行了一些基于實(shí)踐的分析和總結(jié)。該題型與SOLO 分類理論的緊密相關(guān)性,是研究如何將深度學(xué)習(xí)理論落地的要點(diǎn)。當(dāng)然,工具的探索、深度學(xué)習(xí)的細(xì)化落地、SOLO分類理論的進(jìn)一步對接還將在以后的教學(xué)實(shí)踐中進(jìn)階完善。