K-12 AI curricula: A mapping of government-endorsed AI curricula（Ⅲ）

譯題? K-12人工智能課程：政府認(rèn)可的人工智能課程圖譜（三）

Product by UNESCO （United Nations Educational， Scientific and Cultural Organization） 聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織

第一份關(guān)于K-12（學(xué)前教育至高中教育的基礎(chǔ)教育階段）人工智能課程全球狀況的報(bào)告，意在開(kāi)發(fā)有效的支持工具和框架來(lái)促進(jìn)青少年人工智能素養(yǎng)的發(fā)展。

Curriculum integration and management

Curricula are integrated into existing education systems through a number of different models：

Discrete AI curricula are developed in an independent subject category within the national or local curriculum framework. These curricula have their own time allocations， textbooks and resources， as in the case of Chinas Foundations of AI under Information Science and Technology for grades 10 to 12.

Embedded AI curricula are developed and contained within other subject categories in the national or local curriculum framework. AI most commonly becomes a topic within ICT or computer science but may alternatively be part of language， mathematics， science or engineering （see the right Figure）. In the Republic of Korea， two elective AI subjects have been developed， one falling within the mathematics subject group and the other in technology and home economics. Curricula can also be designed to be embedded flexibly into any subject depending on teacher capacity and interest. This is the case for the MIT DAILy Curriculum.

Interdisciplinary AI curricula are implemented in systems with particular mandates for cross-subject work and associated time. These curricula target AI learning outcomes through project-based learning involving multiple subject areas. An example is seen in Portugals curriculum frameworks， which feature ‘a(chǎn)utonomous curriculum domains， or projects that must engage two or three disciplines in an interdisciplinary approach. In the UAE， AI is integrated into a range of subjects including ICT， science， maths， language， social studies and moral education.

Multiple-modality AI curricula have core requirements which are implemented during school time and supported by traditional resources such as facilitator guides and textbooks， but also leverage informal learning opportunities such as out-of-school resource networks and national or international competitions. An example of such a curriculum is the IBM-CBSE AI Curriculum for Grade XI & XII， which provides a gradual transition from guided to independent learning and links to competitions and industry mentorship.

Flexible AI curricula can be implemented through one or more integration mechanisms at the discretion of regions， school networks or individual schools. Examples include the ATL AI modules curriculum in India， which can be embedded， interdisciplinary or delivered through out-of-school models such as extracurricular activities; and Digital Skills in Saudi Arabia， which can be implemented as either a discrete or embedded curriculum. For some curricula， the embedding mechanisms are at the discretion of regions， schools or networks. These include the French-speaking Belgiums IT Repository （2nd and 3rd degree technical transition）， and Germanys Algorithmen erkennen und formulieren [Identifying and Formulating Algorithms] curriculum.

譯文

課程整合與管理

人工智能課程可以通過(guò)多種方式被整合至現(xiàn)有的教育系統(tǒng)：

獨(dú)立人工智能課程。該類(lèi)型課程是在國(guó)家或地方課程框架內(nèi)開(kāi)發(fā)的獨(dú)立學(xué)科類(lèi)別。這些課程有自己的時(shí)間分配、教材和資源，比如，中國(guó)面向高中1～2年級(jí)的信息科技學(xué)科中設(shè)置的人工智能基礎(chǔ)課程。

歸入式的人工智能課程。該類(lèi)課程在國(guó)家或地方課程框架下的其他學(xué)科類(lèi)別中開(kāi)發(fā)，并被納入其中。人工智能不僅是信息通信技術(shù)或計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)中最常見(jiàn)的主題，也是語(yǔ)言、數(shù)學(xué)、科學(xué)或工程學(xué)科的一部分（見(jiàn)右上圖）。韓國(guó)已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)了兩門(mén)人工智能選修課程，其中一門(mén)隸屬于數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)科群，另一門(mén)被納入技術(shù)家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)科群。人工智能課程也可以根據(jù)教師的能力和興趣，靈活地歸入任何學(xué)科。麻省理工學(xué)院的DAILy課程就屬于此種情況。

跨學(xué)科人工智能課程。此類(lèi)課程往往在對(duì)跨學(xué)科工作和時(shí)間有特殊要求的系統(tǒng)中實(shí)施。這些課程旨在通過(guò)涵蓋多學(xué)科領(lǐng)域的基于項(xiàng)目的學(xué)習(xí)，實(shí)現(xiàn)人工智能的學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)果。以葡萄牙的人工智能課程框架為例，其特點(diǎn)是“自主課程領(lǐng)域”，或項(xiàng)目必須涉及兩到三個(gè)學(xué)科的跨學(xué)科方法。在阿聯(lián)酋，人工智能被整合到包括信息通信技術(shù)、科學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)、語(yǔ)言、社會(huì)研究和品德教育等在內(nèi)的一系列學(xué)科當(dāng)中。

多課程方式相結(jié)合的人工智能課程。該類(lèi)課程的核心要求在于：不僅需要在開(kāi)學(xué)期間實(shí)施，且需要傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)資源的支持（如教師指導(dǎo)和教材），同時(shí)也需利用校外資源網(wǎng)絡(luò)和國(guó)家或國(guó)際競(jìng)賽等非正式的學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)。此類(lèi)課程的代表是“IBM-CBSE面向11和12年級(jí)的人工智能課程”，該課程結(jié)合競(jìng) 賽和行業(yè)指導(dǎo)，幫助學(xué)生實(shí)現(xiàn)從引導(dǎo)式學(xué)習(xí)到獨(dú)立學(xué)習(xí)的逐步過(guò)渡。

彈性人工智能課程。此類(lèi)課程可根據(jù)地區(qū)、學(xué)校網(wǎng)絡(luò)或個(gè)別學(xué)校的實(shí)際情況，通過(guò)一個(gè)或多個(gè)整合機(jī)制去實(shí)施課程。例如，印度的ATL人工智能模塊課程，可通過(guò)歸入其他課程、跨學(xué)科合作或與課外活動(dòng)結(jié)合等校外模式實(shí)施；沙特阿拉伯的數(shù)字技能課程，可作為獨(dú)立或歸入式的課程實(shí)施。

還有部分課程的歸入機(jī)制取決于地區(qū)、學(xué)?；蚓W(wǎng)絡(luò)。這類(lèi)課程包括比利時(shí)法語(yǔ)區(qū)的信息技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)（二、三級(jí)技術(shù)過(guò)渡），以及德國(guó)的識(shí)別和表述算法課程。