頤和路歷史文化街區(qū)文物建筑修繕工程設(shè)計(jì)，南京，江蘇

設(shè)計(jì)主持：常青

方案設(shè)計(jì)：張鵬，趙英亓

合作設(shè)計(jì)：張雨慧，樊怡君，辛靜，門暢，馬松瑞，劉偉

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)：陳海翔

設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)：徐鐘駿，秦卓歡，代鵬

景觀設(shè)計(jì)：邱楓

泛光照明設(shè)計(jì)：楊秀

結(jié)構(gòu)形式：磚木結(jié)構(gòu)

場地面積：6251m2

建筑面積：3214m2

建筑高度：14m以下

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間：2018-2021

竣工時(shí)間：2021

攝影：項(xiàng)目工作組

Principal Architect: CHANG Qing

Schematic Design: ZHANG Peng,ZHAO Yingqi Cooperative Architects: ZHANG Yuhui,FAN Yijun, XIN Jing, MEN Chang,MA Songrui, LIU Wei

Structural Engineer: CHEN Haixiang Mechanical Engineers: XU Zhongjun,QIN Zhuohuan, DAI Peng

Landscape Design: QIU Feng

Floodlight Design: YANG Xiu

Structure: Brick and timber structure

Site Area: 6251 m2

Floor Area: 3214 m2

Building Height: Under 14 m

Design Period: 2018-2021

Completion Time: 2021

Photos: Project team

頤和路歷史文化街區(qū)位于江蘇省南京市鼓樓區(qū)，是中國首批公布的30 個(gè)歷史文化街區(qū)之一，其路網(wǎng)格局、街道和建筑風(fēng)貌特色集中體現(xiàn)了民國時(shí)期南京《首都計(jì)劃》的理念。11片區(qū)位于頤和路歷史文化街區(qū)的南端，是街區(qū)復(fù)興的首期實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)。片區(qū)包括由院墻分隔的10 個(gè)獨(dú)立院落和9 棟鼓樓區(qū)不可移動(dòng)文物建筑。院落內(nèi)改加建普遍，歷史風(fēng)貌被破壞，開放空間被侵占，街區(qū)整體封閉性強(qiáng)、公共性低。

設(shè)計(jì)從評(píng)估片區(qū)內(nèi)建筑價(jià)值并精確分類開始，采取“留、改、拆、加”的處置策略：針對(duì)文物建筑，依據(jù)最小干預(yù)原則對(duì)其進(jìn)行修復(fù)以復(fù)原其風(fēng)貌；針對(duì)風(fēng)貌建筑，在保留整體形象的基礎(chǔ)上加入可識(shí)別的現(xiàn)代元素以提高其適用性；拆除搭建建筑釋放公共空間并增加院落景觀，打造新舊共生的建筑空間。在保留已有院墻、恢復(fù)部分已毀院墻以保持獨(dú)立式院落格局的前提下，通過局部圍墻打開連通院落，結(jié)合“留、改、拆、加”建筑處置策略引導(dǎo)人流，將現(xiàn)狀獨(dú)立式封閉院落轉(zhuǎn)化為聯(lián)通式開放院落。清理沿街商鋪，恢復(fù)“圍墻—輔房—主樓”三者由近及遠(yuǎn)、由低到高的沿街立面秩序。沿街圍墻依照歷史圖紙復(fù)原，圍墻開口位置及寬度根據(jù)院落的開放程度確定。

11 片區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)、施工歷時(shí)3 年多，已于2021 年12 月正式開街。街區(qū)內(nèi)引入了寶龍美術(shù)館等文創(chuàng)功能業(yè)態(tài)和精品商業(yè)，2022 年五一假期，在11 片區(qū)舉辦了“城市文藝集市派對(duì)”。再生的頤和路歷史文化街區(qū)11 片區(qū)已煥發(fā)出全新的活力，成為南京市民回憶過往、游覽休閑的絕佳公共空間，也成為頤和路歷史文化街區(qū)保護(hù)再生的首發(fā)示范區(qū)。□

The Yihe Road Historic District, situated in Gulou District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province,was listed in the first batch of 30 Historic and Cultural Districts in China. Its street pattern and the buildings' spatial characteristics represent the ideals envisioned in theCapital Plan of Nanking duringthe Republic of China(1912-1949). The 11th Subdistrict, being the first experimental area for the regeneration of Yihe Road Historic District, is located on its southern end. It comprises 10 freestanding courtyard houses that are separated from each other by enclosing walls and nine immovable cultural heritage buildings of Gulou District. The courtyard houses, however, have been severely altered, their historical styles lost, and the common space encroached upon by improvised structures. The whole neighbourhood appears isolated, and its public functions are limited.

The design starts with a thorough evaluation and classification of the buildings in the subdistrict,and then adopts the strategy of "preserving, remodelling, demolishing and supplementing",which can be further summarised in the following details. Regarding the listed heritage buildings,restoring to their original appearances according to the principle of minimal intervention; regarding the ordinary historic buildings, incorporating distinctive modern elements to enhance their applicability, while preserving their overall architectural characteristics; and regarding the improvised-added structures, demolishing them to make public space available and replacing them with courtyard landscape designs, in order to create an architectural space where the old and the new coexist.

1 寧海路修繕后街景View of Ninghai Road after restoration

2 頤和路11片區(qū)修繕后軸測Axonometric view of the 11th Subdistrict of Yihe Road after restoration

33 赤壁路5號(hào)修繕前No.5, Chibi Road before restoration

4 莫干路2號(hào)修繕前No.2, Mogan Road before restoration

On the level of the street blocks, the design preserves the existing walls and rebuilds the damaged walls to maintain the form of freestanding courtyards, while partially opening a portion of the walls to connect the courtyards and facilitating human movement so as to transform the independently closed courtyard into an interconnected open one. It also cleans up the street-front shops and restores the threelayered spatial order of "wall-auxiliary roommain house", from closest to furthest and lowest to highest. The street-front walls are restored according to historical drawings, and the location and width of the gates are determined in accordance with the courtyards' openness.

After three years of design and construction,the revitalised 11th Subdistrict was finally inaugurated in December 2021. The neighbourhood attracted cultural products shops and boutique stores such as the Powerlong Museum. In 2022,it hosted the "Urban Arts and Market Festival"over the May Day vacations. This rejuvenated quarter is vibrant with life, creating a delightful public space for the inhabitants of Nanjing to reminisce about the past, visit, and unwind. It has become the first example of the conservation and regeneration of the Yihe Road Historic District.□ (Translated by ZHU Yayun)

項(xiàng)目評(píng)論

頤和路歷史文化街區(qū)始自1929 年《首都計(jì)劃》中規(guī)劃的新式住宅區(qū)，依循霍華德“花園城市”的理念，以獨(dú)棟花園式洋房為主，并配有小學(xué)、市場、菜場、污水處理廠等現(xiàn)代城市配套設(shè)施。其住宅建筑本身并不高大奢華，但整個(gè)街區(qū)卻有著高度自覺的“模范”雄心。它承載著國民政府對(duì)現(xiàn)代首都和新式居住的倡導(dǎo)與示范作用，與其形式相匹配的是對(duì)生活方式的改造和對(duì)城市社會(huì)的改良。因此，頤和路歷史文化街區(qū)應(yīng)該視作中國城市現(xiàn)代化的一個(gè)獨(dú)特的實(shí)驗(yàn)樣本。

同濟(jì)大學(xué)常青院士團(tuán)隊(duì)自2019 年起對(duì)這一街區(qū)的保護(hù)與再生設(shè)計(jì)，不僅在“留、改、拆、加”的細(xì)致工作中展現(xiàn)了出色的專業(yè)性，更為可貴的是對(duì)街區(qū)的空間形態(tài)和物質(zhì)載體背后潛在的“理想性”與“都市性”的整體學(xué)術(shù)把握。這反映在很多細(xì)節(jié)中，尤其是對(duì)于院落結(jié)構(gòu)和街廓形態(tài)的精心處理，例如通過保留已有院墻、恢復(fù)已毀院墻和運(yùn)用鋪地變化提示院墻痕跡等手法，呈現(xiàn)獨(dú)立式院落的肌理，又如對(duì)“圍墻—輔房—主樓”3 個(gè)層次的沿街立面秩序的重視與重現(xiàn)。正是由于對(duì)這些歷史環(huán)境要素的準(zhǔn)確把握，才使得開放后的街區(qū)充分展現(xiàn)了民國“理想住宅”的特色與意蘊(yùn)，正如1935 年陳岳麟在《南京市之住宅問題》中描述的“每宅雖占地不過一二畝，亦整齊美麗，設(shè)備齊全?！贬溽嗥溟g，感知“現(xiàn)代理想城市”的歷史片段，這是學(xué)術(shù)研究對(duì)于實(shí)踐的價(jià)值。

魯安東

南京大學(xué)建筑與城市規(guī)劃學(xué)院教授

英國劍橋大學(xué)沃夫森學(xué)院院士

5 赤壁路5號(hào)修繕后No.5, Chibi Road after restoration

6 莫干路2號(hào)修繕后No.2, Mogan Road after restoration

Comments

The Yihe Road Historic District in Nanjing,Jiangsu Province, has its origin in the new-style residential quarter envisioned in theCapital Plan of Nankingin 1929. Inspired by Ebenezer Howard's "garden city" concept, the residential area is dominated by Western-style garden villas equipped with modern infrastructure and municipal facilities such as primary schools,marketplaces, food courts, sewage treatment plants, etc. Even though the houses are not necessarily grand and luxurious, the entire quarter aspired to be a "model" with great confidence by serving as a showcase for the National Government's vision of modern capital and a new way of life. Its modern appearance can only be matched by lifestyle reform and urban society improvement. Consequently, the Yihe Road Historic District should be viewed as a unique experimental example of China's city modernisation.

The conservation and regeneration of this district, carried out by the team at Tongji University since 2019 led by Academician CHANG Qing, have not only demonstrated the outstanding professionalism in the meticulous work of "preserving, re-modelling, demolishing and supplementing", but have also provided a comprehensive academic insight into the"ideality" and "urbanity" underlying the spatial form and material embodiment of the district.This is represented in numerous details, most notably in the scrupulous treatment of the courtyard layout and the city block design.Various design solutions, such as conserving the existing walls, rebuilding the damaged walls, andmodifying paving patterns to reveal the vestiges of the walls, brought the texture of freestanding courtyards to light. Another example is the street fronts, which emphasise and recreate the threelayered hierarchy of "wall-auxiliary room-main house". Due to the accurate assessment of these historic environmental aspects, the renovated district embodies the feature and meaning of "ideal housing" in the Republic of China.As described in CHEN Yuelin's piece in 1935,Housing in Nanking, "each residence is orderly,elegant, and well-equipped, despite being just one or two acres in size". The historical episodes of this "modern ideal city" are felt when one wanders through the district; this is the value of academic research for professional practice. (Translated by ZHU Yayun)

7 寧海路46號(hào)修繕后No.46, Ninghai Road after restoration

9 寧海路48號(hào)修繕后No.48, Ninghai Road after restoration

10 寧海路52號(hào)修繕后No.52, Ninghai Road after restoration

11 寧海路46號(hào)修繕前No.46, Ninghai Road before restoration

13 寧海路48號(hào)修繕前No.48, Ninghai Road before restoration

14 寧海路52號(hào)修繕前No.52, Ninghai Road before restoration

LU Andong

Professor, School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Nanjing University Fellow, Wolfson College, University of Cambridge

15 寧海路52-2號(hào)修繕前No.52-2, Ninghai Road before restoration

17 寧海路48-1號(hào)巷道修繕后No.48-1, Ninghai Road after restoration

19 寧海路沿街修繕前Street view of Ninghai Road before restoration

20 寧海路沿街修繕后Street view of Ninghai Road after restoration