國際建筑界人士對常青的專業(yè)評價(jià)

克里斯蒂安·倫費(fèi)爾瑞士蘇黎世州文物保護(hù)局原局長

Dr. Christian Renfer Former Director, the Office of Monument Preservation Canton of Zurich / Switzerland

在同濟(jì)大學(xué)于2007 年舉辦的一次會議上，我首次結(jié)識了個性活躍的常青教授。他是那屆大會的組織者之一。在大會上，他介紹了素有“小布達(dá)拉”之稱的西藏日喀則“桑珠孜宗堡”保護(hù)性復(fù)原方案的設(shè)計(jì)研究，該項(xiàng)目給人留下十分深刻的印象。而我本人也曾多次接觸這一項(xiàng)目，我在瑞士舉辦的多個報(bào)告會上，都曾將其作為審慎恢復(fù)歷史紀(jì)念建筑的范例加以介紹。

后來，在我前往中國各地舉辦專業(yè)報(bào)告期間，每年兩次造訪同濟(jì)大學(xué)建筑與城市規(guī)劃學(xué)院，與常青教授會面，并就歷史建筑保護(hù)的教學(xué)方法、文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)的實(shí)踐方法，以及中國歷史建筑保護(hù)領(lǐng)域的具體項(xiàng)目，與他進(jìn)行直接的專業(yè)探討。交流探討的內(nèi)容中，也包括了我本人在中國歷史建筑保護(hù)領(lǐng)域所積累的經(jīng)驗(yàn):我曾作為專家參與了在云南省劍川縣開展的“沙溪復(fù)興工程”（2000-2006），并多年調(diào)查研究中國對具有保護(hù)價(jià)值的鄉(xiāng)村聚落的保護(hù)工作。此外，我還與常青教授本人密切探討了同濟(jì)大學(xué)建筑與城市規(guī)劃學(xué)院當(dāng)時新開設(shè)的歷史建筑保護(hù)專業(yè)學(xué)位教程的目標(biāo)，以及同時創(chuàng)辦的《建筑遺產(chǎn)》專業(yè)期刊的相關(guān)情況。我還深入研究了上海外灘九號“輪船招商總局大樓”外觀復(fù)原與內(nèi)部整飾設(shè)計(jì)項(xiàng)目。通過以上這些活動，我得以深入地跟蹤了解常青教授的工作方式和分析方法，并將他的工作與國際上的《威尼斯宣言》（1964）、《聯(lián)合國教科文組織世界遺產(chǎn)公約》（1972），以及《奈良文件》（1994）中闡述的保護(hù)原則進(jìn)行比較。常青教授2014 年出版的《歷史建筑保護(hù)工程學(xué)》，以及他關(guān)于上海外灘文化歷史意義及保護(hù)工作的書面講義，都以令人過目難忘的方式，展示了他如何系統(tǒng)地傳授專業(yè)知識。在過去10 年來我結(jié)識的中國文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)領(lǐng)域的學(xué)者中，常青教授無疑令我印象至深。

他擁有廣博的歷史學(xué)識和獨(dú)特的工作方法， 這一點(diǎn)也影響了他的博士生們。他也有很強(qiáng)的分析思考力和批判力，這使他能夠與外國專家展開有別于泛泛之談的、深入而專業(yè)的探討。此外，他也通曉國際上在文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)領(lǐng)域的各種發(fā)展趨勢及其在實(shí)踐中奉行的不同理念。這使他在中國文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮出非常重要的作用。這一點(diǎn)十分重要，因?yàn)樵谑澜绺鲊幕z產(chǎn)保護(hù)工作都是一個不斷發(fā)展的、處于社會發(fā)展和政治發(fā)展潮流之中的動態(tài)進(jìn)程。常青教授的貢獻(xiàn)——在中國目前的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展歷程中——直接積極推動著為保護(hù)豐富多彩的文化遺產(chǎn)而開展的各項(xiàng)專業(yè)工作。1）

At a conference held by Tongji University in 2007, I got to know Professor CHANG Qing with a charming personality for the first time. He is one of the organizers of that conference. At the conference, he introduced the design and research of the restoration scheme of Sangzhutse Fortress in Shigatse, Tibet, which is known as "Little Potala Palace". The project is very impressive. And I have been in contact with this project many times because I have introduced it as a model for the rigorous and meticulous restoration of historical monuments in many reports held in Switzerland.

Later, when I went to various parts of China to hold professional reports, I visited the College of Architecture and Urban Planning (CAUP) of Tongji University twice a year, met with Professor CHANG Qing, and had direct professional discussions with him on the practical methods of cultural heritage preservation and the specific projects of cultural heritage preservation in China. The content of the discussion also includes my own experience in the field of cultural heritage preservation in China: I participated in the Revival Project of Shaxi in Jianchua, Yunnan Province as an expert (2000-2006), and investigated and studied the preservation of rural settlements with historical values in China for many years. In addition, I personally discussed with Professor CHANG Qing the goal of the newly-opened undergraduate program in Architecture Conservation of CAUP and the objectives of the academic journalHeritage Architecturefounded at the same time. I also deeply studied the renovation of the China Merchants Steam Navigation Building on the historical Bund (No.9 Building)of Shanghai. Through these activities, I have been able to deeply follow up on Professor CHANG Qing's methodological and analytical work, and compare his work with the international conservation principles set forth in the Venice Charter (1964), the UNESCO World Heritage Convention (1972),and the Nara Document (1994). Professor CHANG Qing's book "Historic Architecture Conservation Engineering" published in 2014, as well as his written lecture notes on the cultural and historical significance and conservation of the Bund in Shanghai, all showed how he systematically imparted professional knowledge in an unforgettable way.

Professor CHANG Qing is one of the best academic professors in the field of cultural heritage conservation in China that I have known in the past ten years. He has profound historical knowledge and outstanding working methods, which has also been proved by his doctoral graduate students.

His analytical thinking and critical ability also enable him to have profound and differentiated professional discussions with foreign experts. He also outlines the international trend of cultural heritage conservation and the different methods of its actual implementation. This makes him play an extremely important role in the field of cultural heritage conservation in China. This is very important because in all countries of the world, the conservation of cultural heritage is a dynamic process, embedded in the social and political development of architecture. Professor CHANG Qing's contribution-in the course of China's current economic development-has directly and actively promoted all kinds of professional means to preserve this country's rich cultural heritage1).

林內(nèi)·迪士泰凡諾香港大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院教授國際古跡遺址理事會顧問

Lynne D. DiStefano Professor, Architectural Conservation Programme(ACP), The University of Hong Kong World Heritage Advisor for ICOMOS

我們與常青的第一次見面是在同濟(jì)大學(xué)，當(dāng)時我的項(xiàng)目（香港大學(xué)的建筑保護(hù)專業(yè)）正在啟動一系列與同濟(jì)大學(xué)建筑系的交流。

從一開始，我就對常青把握國際語境的能力印象深刻，尤其是在城市保護(hù)的背景下，決心建立并引導(dǎo)中國第一個保護(hù)方面的專業(yè)。首批畢業(yè)的兩個班 （2007 和2008 年）實(shí)現(xiàn)了這一愿景，該專業(yè)的學(xué)生已被包括我所在的香港大學(xué)在內(nèi)的許多海外機(jī)構(gòu)錄取為研究生繼續(xù)深造。當(dāng)然，常青在規(guī)劃和指導(dǎo)同濟(jì)大學(xué)保護(hù)專業(yè)的同時，也帶領(lǐng)建筑系與國際機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行積極的交流，能夠擔(dān)當(dāng)和平衡多重角色，并能清晰地理解建筑系優(yōu)先考慮的事項(xiàng)，這些都表明他具有卓越的管理能力。

常青除了主持建筑系，同時在保護(hù)領(lǐng)域持續(xù)實(shí)踐，范圍包括歷史城市保護(hù)和建筑遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)。對于前者，常青努力在項(xiàng)目中以極其敏感的方式回應(yīng)保護(hù)“文脈”的必要性，同時承認(rèn)適應(yīng)性發(fā)展和再發(fā)展，包括適應(yīng)性再利用的必要性，外灘九號項(xiàng)目反映了這種思想。另一方面，對于更為傳統(tǒng)意義上的建筑遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)，他令人信服地證明了當(dāng)標(biāo)志性建筑大部分被毀時重建的適宜性，就像他在西藏的工作所證明的那樣。

在他的保護(hù)工作中，常青按照國際準(zhǔn)則選取“最佳實(shí)踐”并做出決定，但這些判斷是在中國保護(hù)實(shí)踐的實(shí)際背景下做出的。例如，在中國的部分地區(qū)，真實(shí)性更依賴于維護(hù)/恢復(fù)一個地方無形文化的方面，而不是嚴(yán)格地保護(hù)有形的，特別是實(shí)存的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)。正是這一點(diǎn)——常青有能力在國際上思考，但又能夠在本土做出適當(dāng)?shù)幕貞?yīng)——使他的工作有別于許多從業(yè)者。

作為一位專業(yè)人士，我認(rèn)為常青是我在亞太地區(qū)結(jié)識的在奉獻(xiàn)精神和博學(xué)方面表現(xiàn)突出的教授之一。2）

We first met at Tongji University when my programme (the Architectural Conservation Programme at The University of Hong Kong) was initiating a series of potential exchanges with Tongji's Department of Architecture.

From the very beginning, I was exceedingly impressed with CHANG Qing's grasp of the international context in which urban conservation, in particular, needed to be framed and with his determination to establish and lead Mainland China's first undergraduate programme in preservation.The first two classes to graduate (2007 and 2008) are a testament to his vision, and students from the programme have been accepted for graduate studies at a number of overseas institutions,including my university. Of course, at the same time that CHANG Qing was shaping and leading the undergraduate programme in preservation, he was leading the entire Department of Architecture during a period of active exchange with international institutions. His ability to prioritize and balance his multiple roles was (and is) a tribute to his management skills and his clear understanding of departmental and programme priorities.

Coupled with CHANG Qing headships, is his on-going practice in the field of conservation,including both urban conservation and built heritage conservation. For the former, CHANG Qing has striven to demonstrate in his projects the need to respond in the most sensitive ways to the preservation "pulse" while, at the same time, acknowledging the need to accommodate appropriate development and redevelopment, including adaptive reuse. His Bund #9 project reflects this kind of thinking. On the other hand, for more traditional built heritage conservation, he has convincingly demonstrated the appropriateness of reconstruction when a landmark building has largely been destroyed, as in his work in Tibet.

In his conservation work, CHANG Qing makes decisions in the context of "Best Practice" at the international level, but such decisions are localized within the context of conservation practice in Mainland China. For example, in parts of China, authenticity depends more on maintaining/reinstating the intangible aspects of a place rather than strictly preserving the tangible, and, in particular, the actual building fabric. And it is this - CHANG Qing's ability to think internationally,but respond appropriately at the local level - that sets his work apart from that of many practitioners.

As a professional, I have found CHANG Qing to be one of the most dedicated and most knowledgeable professors and practitioners I have met in Asia and the Pacific .2)

斯坦?！ぐ驳律绹槭±砉W(xué)院建筑學(xué)院原建筑系系主任

Stanford Anderson Former Dean, the Department of Architecture of MIT, USA

親愛的同事們，我在此向你們介紹的常青教授，是上海同濟(jì)大學(xué)建筑與城市規(guī)劃學(xué)院（CAUP）建筑系的系主任。

5 年來，我一直與CAUP 合作，先后前往上海進(jìn)行了8 次講座和工作坊教學(xué)。就在幾天前，我作為CAUP 第一位國際顧問委員會成員前往同濟(jì)大學(xué)，這讓我有了進(jìn)一步了解CAUP 和常青教授的絕好機(jī)會。

雖然我對中國建筑院校的了解僅限于不多的幾所，但北京清華大學(xué)和上海同濟(jì)大學(xué)的建筑學(xué)院無疑久負(fù)盛名，它們都是佼佼者。最近訪問時的見聞讓我確信，在常教授和吳院長等的帶領(lǐng)下，CAUP 作為領(lǐng)跑的建筑學(xué)院之一，近年來實(shí)力在增強(qiáng)。

在中國，常教授抓住了使教學(xué)和實(shí)踐相互促進(jìn)的機(jī)會。每次訪問上海，我都會與常教授見一兩面，在他主持的研究生項(xiàng)目中，我觀察到他與專心致志的同事和學(xué)生們一起工作的場景。通過參觀常青教授的項(xiàng)目、閱讀他的著作并與他討論，我逐漸了解到他不僅在上海，而且在中國建筑的保護(hù)和發(fā)展中都起著推進(jìn)作用。目前他正在參與地震災(zāi)區(qū)的恢復(fù)重建工作。

鑒于此，我很高興地看到常青教授完全符合了美國建筑師學(xué)會榮譽(yù)會士的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，通過“提升建筑教育、訓(xùn)練和設(shè)計(jì)的水準(zhǔn)，在科學(xué)和藝術(shù)的雙重層面推動了規(guī)劃和建筑的進(jìn)展”。3）

Dear Colleagues, you will know that Professor CHANG Qing is the Head of the Department of Architecture of the College of Architecture and Urban Planning (CAUP) of Tongji University in Shanghai.

I have been visiting and collaborating with CAUP for about five years now, having made eight visits for lectures and collaborative studio/workshop exercises.I thus have had an excellent opportunity to know both CAUP and Professor CHANG.

I know only a few of China's schools of architecture, but it is widely accepted that the two schools competing for top honors are Tsinghua University of Beijing and Tongji in Shanghai.They are both fine schools; as one of the leading schools of architecture, CAUP is having strengthened in recent years under the leadership of Professor CHANG and Dean Wu Zhiqiang. Recent Visiting activity gave me certainty in these observations.

In China, mutual reinforcement of teaching and practice is facilitated, and CHANG has seized these opportunities. I have met with Professor CHANG once or more on every visit to Shanghai,observing him in the context of his own graduate program with dedicated colleagues and students.Through visits to his projects, viewing his publications, and discussion, I am familiar with his leading role in architectural conservation and development not only in Shanghai but also extensively in China. Currently he is involved in work in the area devastated by earthquake.

I am pleased to witness that Professor CHANG fully meets the criteria of AIA honorary fellowship: advancing "the science and art of planning and building by advancing the standards of architectural education, training, and practice".3)

雷蒙德·葉美國夏威夷大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院原院長

Raymond W. H. Yeh Professor and Former Dean, School of Architecture, University of Hawaii, USA

羅伯特·文丘里美國當(dāng)代著名建筑師

Robert Venturi Architect, USA, Representative figure of international postmodern architecture

常青教授是中國具有影響力的建筑師和教育家。他令人矚目的實(shí)踐工作和系列著述在中國建筑遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)領(lǐng)域堪稱典范，其專業(yè)作為超越了一般職業(yè)要求，企及了學(xué)術(shù)的層面。他在同濟(jì)大學(xué)主持了中國最大的建筑系，并于2003 年創(chuàng)辦了中國第一個歷史建筑保護(hù)工程專業(yè)。

在常教授的眾多獲獎項(xiàng)目中，令人印象最深刻的是建于14 世紀(jì)西藏日喀則桑珠孜宗堡的復(fù)原工程，該工程設(shè)計(jì)項(xiàng)目獲得了2008 年上海建筑學(xué)會建筑創(chuàng)作優(yōu)秀獎。常教授致力于促進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)的可持續(xù)性，他的杭州錢塘江南岸來氏聚落再生規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)，成功地將新的生成性設(shè)計(jì)元素與現(xiàn)有的自然文化生態(tài)系統(tǒng)有機(jī)地交織在一起，該項(xiàng)目獲得了瑞士首屆豪瑞獎亞太區(qū)金獎。常教授的另一個引人注目的項(xiàng)目是位于上海外灘的輪船招商總局大樓的百年大修工程。這一理性內(nèi)斂而優(yōu)雅的復(fù)原設(shè)計(jì)獲得了2006 年上海市優(yōu)秀工程勘察設(shè)計(jì)二等獎。

常青教授是一位專注的學(xué)者，也是一位多產(chǎn)的建筑師，作為中國一所領(lǐng)先建筑院系中廣受矚目的謀劃者，他對指導(dǎo)學(xué)生的學(xué)業(yè)進(jìn)步也不遺余力。多年來，在保持其專業(yè)工作強(qiáng)度的同時，常教授通過其主持的項(xiàng)目增加了學(xué)院的聲譽(yù)，這個學(xué)院與歐美主要的建筑學(xué)院大多建立了合作關(guān)系。他最近還應(yīng)邀擔(dān)任了蘇黎世聯(lián)邦理工學(xué)院建筑系評估委員會的成員。4）

Professor CHANG Qing is a leading architect and educator in China. His inspiring work and numerous publications on the conservation of the very rich architecture heritage of China have been exemplary. His extraordinary influence in the field has spanned beyond professional practice into the academy as he heads the largest architecture program in China at Tongji University where he established China's first architecture preservation program in 2003.

Among Professor CHANG's many award winning projects is the most impressive restoration of the 14 century Sangzhutse Fortress, a Potala Palace-like Fortress in the town center of Shigatse, Tibet,which won the 2008 Gold Award of the Architecture Society of Shanghai. Committed to promoting sustainability in design, his Lai Clan Settlement Regeneration Project in the historic district of Hangzhou successfully interwoven new generative design elements with the existing natural and cultural ecological systems. The project won the 2005 Asia Pacific Gold Holcim Award. Another Professor CHANG's high profile project is the renovation of the China Merchants Steam Navigation Building on the historical Bund (No.9 Building) of Shanghai. The sensibly restrained but elegant project won the 2006 Silver Award of the Survey and Design Society of Shanghai.

A dedicated academic as well as a prolific architect, Professor CHANG Qing directs his students'development as a highly respected head of a leading architecture school in China. Through the years, while maintaining the intensity of his professional work, Professor CHANG has furthered the reputation of his school thru his program leadership and cultivated global program relationships with a good number of major architecture schools in the U.S. and Europe. Known and respected internationally, Professor recently also served as a member of the evaluation committee of the ETH Department of Architecture in Zurich.4)

常青教授無疑是國際建筑領(lǐng)域的代表性人物之一，因?yàn)樗慕ㄖ鸵?guī)劃作為，涵蓋了傳授學(xué)術(shù)、保護(hù)遺產(chǎn)、認(rèn)同風(fēng)土文化以及高雅文化的價(jià)值，而且他的研究工作與歐洲、北美和亞洲相關(guān)聯(lián)。我對他的絲綢之路建筑和珠海望族宅院研究尤感興趣。5）

Professor CHANG Qing is certainly one of the leading architectural individuals in the world scene as he embraces in his career architecture and planning practice, academic teaching, conservation, and acknowledges the significance of vernacular as well as high culture - as his work spans Europe, North America as well as Asia. His historical studies of the architecture of the Silk Roads and the clan family house in Zhuhai in particular interest me.5)

羅伯特·艾維美國《建筑實(shí)錄》主編

Robert A. IvyThe editor-in-chief,Architectural Recordof the American Institute of Architects (AIA)

常青教授通過對建筑遺產(chǎn)這一價(jià)值載體的高度關(guān)注，對未來中國做出了卓越貢獻(xiàn)。他在同濟(jì)大學(xué)長期執(zhí)教、著述，并在“常青工作室”從事建筑實(shí)踐工作。作為中國歷史建筑研究領(lǐng)域的一位引領(lǐng)者，他通過出版物和不斷探索實(shí)踐，以及知識傳授的方式，持續(xù)發(fā)掘著中國歷史建筑的特有價(jià)值。

常教授出版的《中華文化通志·科技典·建筑志》《西域文明與華夏建筑的變遷》《建筑遺產(chǎn)的生存策略》等著作，是中國歷史建筑研究與分析的重要代表作。6）

Professor CHANG Qing has made a remarkable contribution to China's future by focusing attention to the wealth of its architectural heritage. As a longtime teacher at Tongji University, as a writer, and as a practicing architect with Chang Qing Studio, Professor CHANG has consistently been a champion of historic Chinese architecture, helping to highlight its value in publications and in his practice, as well as with his students.

His books, such asA History of Chinese Architecture in Sino-Western Comparative VisionandA Comparative Research on Vicissitudes of Chinese Architecture and its Background of Western Regions along Silk Roads, andA Conservation Strategy of Architectural Heritage, are mainstays of historic research and analysis in China.6)

約翰·雷蒙德悉尼大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院院長

John Redmond

Professor and Dean, Faculty of Architecture,Design & Planning, University of Sydney, Canada

2014 年，悉尼大學(xué)舉辦了“展望歷史空間”展覽。它展示了近年來上海同濟(jì)大學(xué)建筑與城市規(guī)劃學(xué)院（CAUP）師生在常青教授帶領(lǐng)下所做的大量建筑遺產(chǎn)實(shí)錄和保護(hù)成果。展出的作品及相關(guān)資料演示了CAUP 歷史建筑保護(hù)項(xiàng)目所擁有的技術(shù)能力、歷史研究能力和設(shè)計(jì)技巧。這項(xiàng)工作表明了CAUP 對國際公認(rèn)的保護(hù)方法具有清晰的理解。項(xiàng)目突出展示了常青教授在特定情況下確定恰當(dāng)行動路線的強(qiáng)大能力。

常青教授主持承擔(dān)了一系列復(fù)雜的保護(hù)工程，保存并維護(hù)了重要的歷史古跡。這樣的工作需要掌握深厚的文物知識，建筑技術(shù)和美學(xué)原則，其高質(zhì)量的工作獲得同行廣泛認(rèn)可。7）

The exhibition, Envisioning Historic Space was staged at the University of Sydney in 2014. It demonstrated the great range of heritage documentation and conservation works undertaken by Tongji staff and students under the leadership of Professor CHANG Qing in recent years. The work on display and the accompanying materials showed the range of technical, historical and design skill possessed by the Conservation program at the CAUP. The work demonstrated a clear understanding of internationally accepted conservation methodologies. The projects on display also highlighted Professor CHANG Qing's strong capacity to judge the appropriate course of action in specific situations.

Professor CHANG Qing has undertaken a number of complex conservation projects that have refurbished and maintained major historic monuments. Such work demanded great knowledge of the monuments, their constructional techniques and aesthetic principles. The projects have been widely recognised by peers as being of a high quality .7)□（本文第一節(jié)原文由瑞士蘇黎世譯員王維女士翻譯，其余6 節(jié)原文由同濟(jì)大學(xué)建筑與城市規(guī)劃學(xué)院潘玥副教授翻譯）

注釋

1） 譯自2015年瑞士蘇黎世文物保護(hù)局原局長克里斯蒂安·倫費(fèi)爾博士以德文所撰《我的自述》。

2） 譯自2009年國際古跡遺址理事會顧問林內(nèi)·迪士泰凡諾教授所撰對常青的英文簡介。

3） 譯自2009年美國麻省理工學(xué)院建筑系原系主任斯坦福·安德森教授對常青評價(jià)函副本。

4） 譯自2009年美國夏威夷大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院原院長雷蒙德·葉教授對常青評價(jià)函副本。

5） 譯自2009年美國著名建筑大師羅伯特·文丘里先生對常青評價(jià)函副本。文中珠海望族宅院指的是陳芳故居。陳芳是19世紀(jì)后期清朝駐夏威夷王國總領(lǐng)事，常青在20世紀(jì)末主持了珠海梅溪村陳芳故居修復(fù)工程，并在夏威夷大學(xué)訪學(xué)期間考察了當(dāng)?shù)氐年惙际粉E。參見常青《建筑遺產(chǎn)的生存策略》1-15頁。

6） 譯自2009年美國《建筑實(shí)錄》羅伯特·艾維主編對常青評價(jià)函副本。

7） 譯自2014年澳大利亞悉尼大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院約翰·雷蒙德院長寫給同濟(jì)大學(xué)的致謝信副本。

Notes

1) Translated from "Personal Statement" written by Christian Renfer in German in 2015.

2) Quote from the introduction of CHANG Qing by Lynne D. DiStefano in 2009.

3) Quote from a copy of Stanford Anderson's recommendation letter to the American Institute of Architects (AIA) in 2009.

4) Quote from a copy of Raymond W. H. Yeh's recommendation letter to the American Institute of Architects (AIA) in 2009.

5) Quote from a copy of Robert Venturi's recommendation letter to the American Institute of Architects (AIA) in 2009. The clan family house in Zhuhai refers to CHEN Fang's former residence. CHEN Fang was the consul general of the Qing Dynasty in the kingdom of Hawaii in the late 19th century. CHANG Qing was the director of the restoration project of CHEN Fang's former residence in Meixi Village, Zhuhai, China at the end of the 20th century, and inspected the historical remains of CHEN Fang during his visit to Hawaii University.

6) Quote from a copy of Robert A. Ivy's recommendation letter to the American Institute of Architects (AIA) in 2009.

7) Quote from a copy of the letter of acknowledgment written by John Redmond to Tongji University in 2014.