騎樓街區(qū)再生工程設(shè)計，海口，海南

設(shè)計主持：常青

方案設(shè)計：常青，王紅軍

合作設(shè)計：張鵬，戴仕炳，鄭君彧，劉偉，門暢，吳雨航，趙英亓，周易知，林笑涵，辛靜，劉思遠(yuǎn)

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計：盧文勝，程浩

設(shè)備設(shè)計：繆斌，杜文華，強(qiáng)建鶴，李志平，周謹(jǐn)

景觀設(shè)計：董楠楠，范浩陽

施工圖合作設(shè)計單位：海南華磊建筑

設(shè)計咨詢有限公司

結(jié)構(gòu)形式：框架結(jié)構(gòu)

場地面積：37,475m2

建筑面積：83,249m2

建筑高度：約18m

設(shè)計時間：2010

竣工時間：2015

攝影：張嗣燁，項目工作組，業(yè)主

Principal Architect: CHANG Qing

Schematic Design: CHANG Qing,WANG Hongjun

Cooperative Architects: ZHANG Peng,DAI Shibing, ZHENG Junyu, LIU Wei,MEN Chang, WU Yuhang, ZHAO Yingqi,ZHOU Yizhi, LIN Xiaohan,XIN Jing, LIU Siyuan

Structural Engineers: LU Wensheng,CHENG Hao

Mechanical Engineers: MIAO Bin,DU Wenhua, QIANG Jianhe, LI Zhiping,ZHOU Jin

Landscape Design: DONG Nannan,FAN Haoyang

Construction Drawing Design: Hainan

Hualei Architectural Design Consulting Co., Ltd.

Structure: Frame structure

Site Area: 37,475 m2

?？隍T樓街區(qū)建于1920-1930 年代，源于19 世紀(jì)末產(chǎn)生于南洋地區(qū)有著“五尺街”騎廊和地方化“巴洛克”飾面的商住街區(qū)，面積68hm2，是中國現(xiàn)存面積最大、保存最完整的騎樓街區(qū)。經(jīng)過90 余載的滄桑變遷，?？隍T樓老街奇麗外表的內(nèi)里已衰朽不堪，街廓風(fēng)貌破敗嚴(yán)重。

1992 年夏，常青率同濟(jì)建筑系實習(xí)學(xué)生赴?？跍y繪騎樓老街，做了風(fēng)貌保護(hù)專題研究。2010 年夏，他再次受邀率團(tuán)隊二赴海口，對中山路、博愛北路、新華北路等騎樓街區(qū)進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)梳理和保護(hù)規(guī)劃，6 年間先后完成了街廓和街景整治設(shè)計，以及重點建筑修繕設(shè)計，提升了街區(qū)的整體環(huán)境品質(zhì)和生活條件；通過對典型民俗空間的內(nèi)部整飭、復(fù)原及翻建激活歷史空間記憶，延續(xù)原有社群結(jié)構(gòu)和消費層次，從而實現(xiàn)了街區(qū)可持續(xù)的活化發(fā)展。特別是在中山路恢復(fù)了巴洛克街廓一樓一色的歷史風(fēng)貌，受到各界關(guān)注，成為?？谑?017年春晚舞臺。

此外，設(shè)計團(tuán)隊還對騎樓街區(qū)北緣破敗不堪、魚龍混雜的長堤路段進(jìn)行了存真續(xù)新的有機(jī)更新設(shè)計，保留所有老騎樓，拆除低質(zhì)建造物；摒棄與街區(qū)歷史騎樓比肩爭鋒的仿古騎樓選項，精心設(shè)計有時代感的新騎樓，通過原型分析，提煉騎廊、山花風(fēng)洞等要素，嘗試塑造街區(qū)長堤路段內(nèi)外新舊共生、和而不同的“騎樓外灘”獨特風(fēng)貌?！?/p>

The Qilou Historic District in Haikou,Hainan Province was built between the 1920s and 1930s, having its origins in the commercialresidential neighbourhood of Southeast Asia dating back to the late nineteenth century. The district is distinguished by Qilou (meaning"riding house") with balconies that extend into the streets on the upper floors, forming the "fivefoot way" arcades and localised "baroque"street fa?ades. With an area of 68 hm2, the Qilou Historic District in Haikou is the largest and best-preserved qilou district in China. After more than 90 years of vicissitudes, the interiors of the street blocks have deteriorated beyond recognition, and the streets are in a dreadful state of dilapidation.

In the summer of 1992, Professor CHANG Qing led a team of architecture students from Tongji University to Haikou to conduct an architectural survey of the Qilou Historic District, producing a thematic research on urban landscape conservation. His team was invited to Haikou again in the summer of 2010 to conduct a thorough evaluation and conservation planning of the Qilou street blocks along Zhongshan Road,North Bo'ai Road and North Xinhua Road. Over the next six years, they completed a renovation design of the street fronts and streetscapes,as well as the renovation design of the most significant historic buildings, thereby enhancing the district's overall environmental quality and living conditions. The team also reorganised,restored and renovated representative folk spaces to awaken the memory of historic spaces and to maintain the social structure and consumption level of the local community, thus ensuring the district's sustainability and lively growth. In particular, the baroque-style street fa?ades along Zhongshan Road were restored to its former glory, with each building retaining its distinctive flavour. Zhongshan Road has since then attracted the attention of all walks of life and became the focal point of the Spring Festival Evening Gala in Haikou in 2017.

1 騎樓街區(qū)平面Site plan of the Qilou Historic District

2 典型騎樓要素解析Diagram of the elements of a typical riding house

3 中山路街景Streetscape of Zhongshan Road

In addition, CHANG's team implemented an organic renewal design for the derelict and intricate Changdi Road section on the northern edge of the Qilou Historic District, preserving all the old qilou houses and demolishing low-quality buildings. After rejecting the pseudo-classical option that would have rivalled the historic qilou in the district, they meticulously created new qilou structures that evoked the spirit of the age. Through analysing prototypes and refining various elements such as arcades, triangle gable walls and wind openings, the team endeavoured to invent a distinctive appearance for the "Bund of Qilou" within and beyond the Changdi Road section, where the new and the old, while keeping their distinctive characteristics, have been coexisting in harmony.□(Translated by ZHU Yayun)

4 整飭后的中山路Zhongshan Road after renovation

5 騎樓內(nèi)部整飭示意Interior renovation diagram of Qilou

6 整飭前的中山路Zhongshan Road before renovation

項目評論

?？隍T樓街由于其突出的歷史文化價值入選第一屆全國十大文化名街。與其他中國歷史街區(qū)一樣，它也經(jīng)歷了衰落，面臨人口擁擠、業(yè)態(tài)邊緣化、房屋失修、文化空間失序，甚至被拆除的壓力。在同濟(jì)大學(xué)常青院士主持下，歷經(jīng)7 個多年頭完成了街區(qū)的一期保護(hù)更新工程，取得了巨大的社會、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化效益，為我國歷史街區(qū)的保護(hù)樹立了新的里程碑。

騎樓街區(qū)項目的成功在于整個設(shè)計有著深厚的研究基礎(chǔ)，早在1992 年主持人就對該地區(qū)展開研究，對街區(qū)歷史、建筑人文等有著準(zhǔn)確的把握。在修復(fù)過程中，團(tuán)隊對老建筑進(jìn)行了科學(xué)診斷，甄別有價值的載體，保留了多層次的真實歷史信息；恢復(fù)了重要的文化空間（如天后宮），延續(xù)了騎樓街風(fēng)貌的多樣性，做到了一樓一色。在科學(xué)修復(fù)的基礎(chǔ)上，主持人勇于創(chuàng)新，使新舊融合，且可識別，生動闡釋和踐行了梁思成先生提出的“修舊如舊”和馮紀(jì)忠先生提出的“整舊如故”保護(hù)理念。為了保障街區(qū)的長效管理，團(tuán)隊還結(jié)合當(dāng)?shù)貙嶋H，編制了相關(guān)技術(shù)導(dǎo)則，體現(xiàn)了可持續(xù)的遺產(chǎn)管理新理念。

街區(qū)的保護(hù)與文化復(fù)興相輔相成，整個項目通過融合室內(nèi)外環(huán)境，生動展示了街區(qū)豐富的人文內(nèi)涵和濃郁的生活氛圍，提升了社區(qū)自豪感?？梢哉f，海口騎樓街區(qū)項目為全球活態(tài)遺產(chǎn)的保護(hù)提供了中國模式。

張杰

全國工程勘察設(shè)計大師

清華大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院教授北京建筑大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院特聘院長

7 整飭前的天后宮門樓Gatehouse of Tianhou Temple before renovation

8 天后宮門樓內(nèi)側(cè)“減半”The inner side of the gatehouse of Tianhou Temple

9 整飭后的天后宮門樓內(nèi)景Interior view of the gatehouse of Tianhou Temple after renovation

10 位于騎廊內(nèi)的天后宮門Tianhou Temple Gate

11 天后宮大殿The Great Hall of Tianhou Temple

12 “天后宮闕”牌樓—天后宮門樓剖面Section of "Tianhou Gongque"- Gatehouse of Tianhou Temple

13 “天后宮闕”牌樓"Tianhou Gongque" Archway

Comments

Due to its remarkable cultural and historical value, the Qilou Historic District in Haikou,Hainan Province, was included in the first Top 10 list of China's Most Prestigious Cultural Streets.Similar to other historic districts in China, it has seen decline and pressure from population congestion, commercial marginalisation, house dilapidation and cultural space deterioration, and is even under the threat of demolition. After seven years of long-term cultivation led by Academician CHANG Qing of Tongji University, the first phase of the conservation and regeneration of the Qilou Historic District was completed, achieving significant social, economic, and cultural benefits, and establishing a new standard for the conservation of China's historic districts.

The success of the Qilou Historic District project can be attributed to the extensive study that informed the design. CHANG Qing began studying this district in 1992 and has since acquired a comprehensive understanding of its history, architecture, and culture. During the restoration, his team conducted scientific analyses of the old buildings, identified valuable objects and preserved authentic historical information at multiple layers.They also restored significant cultural spaces such as the Tianhou Temple (Heavenly Queen Temple), and kept the stylistic diversity of the streets so that each building retains its distinctive flavour. Guided by the fundamental principle of scientific restoration, CHANG had the fortitude to innovate and integrate the new with the old without losing each other's characteristics, exemplifying and embodying the conservation ideals of LIANG Sicheng's"restoring the old as it previously appeared"(xiujiu rujiu) and FENG Jizhong's "restoring the old as it was" (zhengjiu rugu). To assure the district's long-term management, the team also produced suitable technical guidelines in accordance with local conditions, exemplifying the novel concept of sustainable heritage management.

14 長堤路騎樓外灘方案一鳥瞰Aerial view of Qilou Bund on Changdi Road, Scheme 1

15 長堤路新騎樓界面方案一Exterior view of the New Riding House on Changqi Road, Scheme 1

The conservation and cultural revitalisation of the Qilou Historic District complement one another. By blending the indoor and outdoor environments, the entire project highlights the district's rich humanistic connotation and dynamic living atmosphere, and has increased the community's sense of pride. The project provides a "Chinese model" for the conservation of the living heritage globally. ( Translated by ZHU Yayun)

ZHANG Jie

National Master of Engineering Design and Geotechnique Investigation Professor, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University Dean of the School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture

16 長堤路新騎樓界面方案二Exterior view of the New Riding House on Changqi Road, Scheme 2

17 長堤路—中山橫街草圖Sketch of Changqi Road- Zhongshan Street

18 方案二“大三巴”后拱廊街設(shè)計Arcaded Streets, Scheme 2

19 長堤路街景整飭前后Exterior view of the Changqi Road before and after renovation