2023年高考熱門主題語境2：科學(xué)與技術(shù)

四川 蔣建平

一、素材積累

Ⅰ. 核心單詞

1. database n. 數(shù)據(jù)庫

2. patent n. 專利證書；專利權(quán)

3. chip n. 芯片

4. electronic adj. 電子的

5. robot n. 機(jī)器人

6. virus n. 病毒

7. operate v. 操作

8. accurate adj. 精確的

accurately adv. 精確地

accuracy n. 精確；準(zhǔn)確性

9. access v. 存取（計(jì)算機(jī)文件）

10. scan v. 掃描

11. download v. 下載

12. update v. 更新；使現(xiàn)代化

13. biotechnology n. 生物技術(shù)

14. breakthrough n. 重大進(jìn)展；突破

15. intelligent adj. 智能的

intelligence n. 智力；智慧

16. analyze v. 分析

analysis n. 分析

17. create v. 創(chuàng)造；創(chuàng)建

creation n. 創(chuàng)造；創(chuàng)作

creative adj. 有創(chuàng)造力的；創(chuàng)造的

creator n. 創(chuàng)造者

18. digital adj. 數(shù)字的

19. automatic adj. 自動(dòng)的

20. invent v. 發(fā)明

invention n. 發(fā)明；創(chuàng)造

inventor n. 發(fā)明者；發(fā)明家

Ⅱ. 高頻短語

1. facial recognition 人臉識(shí)別

2. gene engineering 基因工程

3. manned spacecraft 載人飛船

4. biological technology 生物技術(shù)

5. mobile payment 移動(dòng)支付

6. Smile to Pay 刷臉支付

7. touch screen 觸摸屏

8. artificial intelligence（AI）人工智能

9. virtual reality （VR） 虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)

10. advanced science 尖端科學(xué)

11. technical innovation 技術(shù)創(chuàng)新

12. scientific exploration 科學(xué)探索

13. search engine 搜索引擎

14. intelligent terminal 智能終端

15. digital technology 數(shù)字技術(shù)

16. high-tech product 高科技產(chǎn)品

17. communication satellite 通信衛(wèi)星

18. in an age of information explosion 在一個(gè)信息爆炸的時(shí)代

19. break down （系統(tǒng)）癱瘓

20. launch a satellite 發(fā)射人造衛(wèi)星

Ⅲ. 靚句積累

1. “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句

With the rapid development of science and technology, a variety of hightech products has drawn the attention of people all over the world, with which it is more convenient for people to use the network. 隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展，各種高科技產(chǎn)品引起了世界各地人們的注意，有了這些產(chǎn)品，人們使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)就更加方便了。

2. It goes without saying that...

It goes without saying that modern technology brings us convenience and comfort in life. 不用說，現(xiàn)代科技給我們的生活帶來了便利和舒適。

3. with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

Data released last week highlighted the rise of renewable energy, with electricity generation from clean sources doubling since 2018. 上周公布的數(shù)據(jù)突顯了可再生能源的興起，清潔能源的發(fā)電量自2018年以來翻了一番。

4. as引導(dǎo)狀語從句

Driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.隨著價(jià)格的下降和越來越多的人開始適應(yīng)這項(xiàng)技術(shù)，無人駕駛汽車的擁有量可能會(huì)增加。

5. 過去分詞短語作定語

The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities to develop transportation systems designed to move more people more affordably. 即將到來的技術(shù)進(jìn)步為城市提供了一個(gè)發(fā)展交通系統(tǒng)的機(jī)會(huì)，旨在讓更多的人以更經(jīng)濟(jì)的方式出行。

二、續(xù)寫金句

1. Most developed nations have become dependent on digital technology simply because they've grown accustomed to it, and at this point not using it would make them an outsider. 大多數(shù)發(fā)達(dá)國家已經(jīng)變得依賴數(shù)字技術(shù)，這僅僅是因?yàn)樗麄円呀?jīng)習(xí)慣了它，在這種情況下，不使用數(shù)字技術(shù)會(huì)使他們成為局外人。

2. As data and identity theft become more and more common, the market is growing for biometric technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. 隨著數(shù)據(jù)和身份盜竊變得越來越普遍，生物識(shí)別技術(shù)（如指紋掃描）的市場(chǎng)正在增長(zhǎng)，以防止其他人進(jìn)入私人電子空間。

3. How do we maintain a healthy balance in our use of technology and not become run down by it? First of all, just because there are hundreds of items on the market geared to make our lives easier does not mean we have to use them all.We should use only those that work best for us. Dealing with too many gadgets can be confusing and time-consuming. 我們?nèi)绾卧谑褂每萍嫉倪^程中保持健康的平衡，而不被科技所拖累呢？ 首先，僅僅因?yàn)槭袌?chǎng)上有數(shù)百種產(chǎn)品可以讓我們的生活更容易，并不意味著我們必須使用它們。我們應(yīng)該只使用那些對(duì)我們最有效的產(chǎn)品。 應(yīng)對(duì)太多的產(chǎn)品會(huì)讓人感到困惑和消耗時(shí)間。

4. Shortly, all of us are going to use our voices to give instructions to computers. We will be able to download any file or update our computers just by saying a few words. 不久，我們所有人都將用自己的聲音給電腦發(fā)出指令。只要說幾句話，我們就能夠下載任何文件或更新我們的電腦。

5. Technology is a tool. It is worth remembering that technology is only a tool we have at our disposal. We can't escape the virtual world and nor should we try,but we can choose to use it more intelligently. 技術(shù)是一種工具。值得記住的是，技術(shù)只是供我們使用的一種工具。 我們無法逃避虛擬世界，也不應(yīng)該嘗試逃避，但我們可以選擇更明智地使用它。

三、主題測(cè)評(píng)

Ⅰ. 閱讀理解

體裁：說明文 篇幅：328詞 建議用時(shí)：7分鐘

來源：改編 新穎度：★★★★ 素養(yǎng)視角：研發(fā)機(jī)器人來幫助老年人自立

A robot created by Washington State University (WSU) scientists could help elderly people with dementia (癡呆) and other limitations live independently in their own homes.

The Robot Activity Support System, or RAS, uses sensors installed in a WSU smart home to determine where its residents are, what they are doing and when they need assistance with daily activities. It navigates (導(dǎo)航) through rooms and around obstacles to find people on its own, provides video instructions on how to do simple tasks and can even lead its owner to objects like their medication or a snack in the kitchen.

“RAS combines the convenience of a mobile robot with the activity detection technology of a WSU smart home to provide assistance at the moment, as the need for help is detected,” said Bryan Minor, a postdoctoral researcher in the WSU School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.

Currently, an estimated 50 percent of adults over the age of 85 need assistance with everyday activities such as preparing meals and taking medication, and the annual cost of this assistance in the US is nearly $2 trillion. With the number of adults over 85 expected to triple by 2050, researchers hope that technologies like RAS and the WSU smart home will relieve some of the financial strain on the healthcare system by making it easier for older adults to live alone.

RAS is the first robot that researchers have tried to incorporate into their smart home environment. They recently published a study in the journal Cognitive Systems Research that demonstrates how RAS could make life easier for older adults struggling to live independently.

“While we are still in an early stage of development, our initial results with RAS have been promising,” Minor said. “The next step in the research will be to test RAS's performance with a group of older adults to get a better idea of what prompts, video reminders and other preferences they have regarding the robot.”

1. How does RAS serve elderly people?

A. Through sensors.

B. Through objects.

C. Through a mobile robot.

D. Through elderly people's daily activities.

2. What can we know about RAS?

A. It is the first robot used in daily life. B. Its function remains to be tested.

C. It can locate people and do any task. D. It can cook for owners on its own.

3. What's Minor's attitude toward the future of RAS?

A. Doubtful. B. Negative. C. Optimistic. D. Uncertain.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Elderly people leave the nursing home

B. Smart home tests first elder-care robot

C. RAS, the first robot to make home smart

D. Older adults have benefited from RAS

Ⅱ. 完形填空

體裁：記敘文 篇幅：317詞 建議用時(shí)：7分鐘

來源：改編 新穎度：★★★★ 素養(yǎng)視角：定位技術(shù)救助森林中迷路的人

Rene Compean was no stranger to Angeles National Forest. But after adventuring along a new path last April, he was lost.

As the day faded into dusk, following hours of__1__wandering, his concern turned into fear. The terrain (地帶) was remote and ____2_. Compean was unprepared for anything__3__the two-hour journey he'd planned.

Compean climbed to a spot, some 7,000 feet above sea level, where he found at least one bar of__4__. “SOS. My phone is going to die. I'm lost,” he texted a friend, attaching a photo showing__5__he was. The shot showed his legs hanging over steep rocks. All Compean could do then was wait and__6__.

Sixty miles away in Ventura County, Ben Kuo was working at home when he read a tweet from the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department, showing an image of a man's legs. The Sheriff's search-and-rescue teams had spent the previous night ______7 looking for Compean, so they __8__the photo to the public, hoping someone might know the location.

Kuo__9__looking for where photos are taken. When he saw the image of Compean's legs surrounded by rocks and greenery, he automatically pulled up a satellite map on his laptop.

After__10__the greenery with the satellite map, Kuo realized Compean had got to be on the south side because there's not really any green valley on the north side. That finding__11__his search, leading him to an area that__12__the terrain in the image.He cross-referenced the original photo with 3-D images of the area from Google Earth.The location__13__! After spending 27 hours alone in the wilderness, Compean was saved!

Compean's story probably would have ended very__14__had a total stranger with strong satellite skills and a __1__5_eye for detail not taken action.

1. A. accidental B. aimless C. awkward D. dynamic

2. A. rough B. familiar C. flat D. fragile

3. A. rather than B. better than C. more than D. less than

4. A. sign B. signature C. symbol D. signal

5. A. where B. how C. who D. what

6. A. call B. hide C. sleep D. hope

7. A. unsuccessfully B. passionately C. absolutely D. deliberately

8. A. developed B. released C. published D. advertised

9. A. denied B. considered C. risked D. loved

10. A. combining B. comparing C. connecting D. contacting

11. A. launched B. postponed C. narrowed D. concluded

12. A. resembled B. bordered C. followed D. submitted

13. A. responded B. matched C. appeared D. existed

14. A. differently B. fortunately C. surprisingly D. virtually

15. A. bright B. curious C. pure D. sharp

Ⅲ. 語法填空

體裁：說明文 篇幅：232詞 建議用時(shí)：7分鐘

來源：改編 新穎度：★★★★ 素養(yǎng)視角：空中出租車

The idea of a taxi that flies over a traffic jam and drops you home is an exciting proposal. It appears that we are almost there.

German air-taxi startup Volocopter will build its first 1. _________(fly) taxi station by the end of this year in Singapore, paving the way for major changes in 2.________humans will commute in the future. These air taxis, or urban air mobility(UAM) vehicles,are usually 3. ________(electrical) powered taxis based on drone (無人機(jī)） technology 4. ________(design) to carry two people. The aim of the technology is 5. ________(save)people time and help cities transform their transportation systems toward a more sustainable future by adding a new mobility option for citizens.

Many companies, including Uber, 6. _________(compete) fiercely in this space now.Chinese automaker Geely led a round of investment worth 50 million euros 7.________will help the startup finance its commercialization in the next three years. Li Shufu,chairman of Geely Holding, said, “Our latest work 8. ________Volocopter builds up our confidence in Volocopter air taxis as the next 9. _________(ambition) step in our wider expansion in both electrification and new mobility services.” “It definitely still seems to be unusual, 10. ________at the same time it is not completely unexpected,” he added.

Still, practical problems remain unsolved, such as getting the go-ahead from regulators and ensuring the trips are safe as many taxis will be flown without pilots.

Ⅳ. 書面表達(dá)

體裁：應(yīng)用文 命題形式：信件 建議用時(shí)：20分鐘文本來源：改編 新穎度：★★★★ 素養(yǎng)視角：征文寫作與半開放性作文

假定你是李華，你校正在學(xué)生中征集意見，詢問學(xué)生是否贊成開設(shè)智能課堂(smart classroom)。 請(qǐng)你給校長(zhǎng)寫一封信表達(dá)你的看法，要點(diǎn)如下：

1. 你的態(tài)度；

2. 你的理由；

3. 表達(dá)期待。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)80左右；

2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

Dear Headmaster,

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua