實(shí)驗(yàn)室培育器官能成為現(xiàn)實(shí)嗎？Are lab grown organsa realistic proposition?

崔亮

實(shí)驗(yàn)室培育器官將意味著醫(yī)生可以及時(shí)為患者提供他們需要的器官，而不用等待太久。然而，實(shí)驗(yàn)室培育器官能成為現(xiàn)實(shí)嗎？

For?years，?the?discussion?on?the?development?of?synthetic?（合成的），?lab?grown?organs?has?been?a?major?talking?point.?Many?see?it?as?a?controversial?subject，?with?ethical?leanings?and?understandings.?Others，?though，?see?the?process?of?lab?grown?organs?as?an?essential?part?of?making?sure?we?can?give?everyone?the?help?that?they?need.?However，?advancement?in?the?process?has?been?a?slow?burning?development.

The?University?of?Pittsburgh，?though，?has?been?working?on?a?process?to?help?make?sure?that?lab?grown?livers（肝臟）?could?be?created.?They?have?been?using?machine?learning?and?synthetic?biology?in?combination?with?one?another?to?try?and?find?the?ideal?solution?to?the?creation?of?entirely?safe?lab?developed?livers.?The?aim?is?to?help?speed?up?the?process?of?creating?a?human?liver?with?real?blood?and?bile?management?systems.?So?far，?though，?the?process?is?still?very?much?in?the?development?stage.?The?testing?in?mice，?though，?did?show?that?when?mice?with?failing?or?failed?livers?were?given?the?lab?grown?alternative，?their?lifespan?was?increased.?While?it?cannot?be?said?for?certain?that?it?works?without?qualification，?there?is?already?a?clear?interest?in?the?use?of?lab?grown?organs.

The?aim?is?simple—find?a?way?to?avoid?having?to?wait?on?the?loss?of?another?human?life?to?save?a?sick?life.?With?lab?grown?organs，?that?could?become?a?reality?in?the?future.?Testing，?though，?is?going?to?be?a?long?term?process;?even?with?the?progress?made，?real?life?usage?is?still?some?way?off.

Are?lab?grown?organs?a?realistic?proposition？?It?certainly?appears?to?be?the?case.?Indeed，?the?synthetic?biology?and?machine?learning?combination?in?Pittsburgh?has?produced?some?of?the?most?positive，?promising?results?seen?in?some?time.?The?hope?is?that?they?can?continue?to?grow?and?get?better?over?time，?and?that?the?process?can?continue?to?develop?to?the?right?standard?without?any?complications?or?delays.

If?lab?grown?organs?have?become?a?talking?point?that?you?find?concerning，?then?the?progress?being?made?in?Pittsburgh?might?assuage?some?fears.?You?should?absolutely?take?a?closer?look?at?lab?grown?organ?processes?being?developed，?though，?as?the?progress?being?made?in?Pittsburgh?is?the?most?promising?news?in?some?time.

1.?What?does the?author?tell?us?in?the?first?paragraph？

A.?The?development?of?lab?grown?organs?goes?against?ethics.

B.?The?cultivation?of?organs?in?the?lab?is?still?in?the?discussion?stage.

C.?The?discussion?on?the?development?of?lab?grown?organs?is?divided.

D.?Lab?grown?organs?are?less?ideal?for?the?slow?speed?of?growing?organs?in?the?lab.

2.?What?do?we?know?about?the?University?of?Pittsburgh?s?research?on?lab?grown?organs？

A.?Experiments?were?done?on?mice?though?the?results?were?not?ideal.

B.?They?created?a?human?liver?with?real?blood?and?bile?management?systems.

C.?Significant?progress?was?made?in?research?and?real?life?usage?is?only?one?step?away.

D.?They?combined?machine?learning?with?synthetic?biology?in?an?effort?to?create?safe?lab?developed?organs.

3.?What?does?the?underlined?word?“assuage”?in?the?last?paragraph?probably?mean？

A.?Ease. B.?Confirm. C.?Cause. D.?Increase.

4.?What?s?the?author?s?attitude?to?the?future?of?lab?grown?organs？

A.?Worried. B.?Doubtful. C.?Supportive. D.?Disappointed.

Ⅰ.?Difficult?sentences?in?the?text

1.?While?it?cannot?be?said?for?certain?that?it?works?without?qualification，?there?is?already?a?clear?interest?in?the?use?of?lab?grown?organs.雖然不能肯定地說它能在沒有限定條件的情況下工作，但人們對(duì)使用實(shí)驗(yàn)室培育的器官已經(jīng)有了明確的興趣。

【點(diǎn)石成金】本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。While?it?cannot?be?said?for?certain?that?it?works?without?qualification是連詞while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，此處連詞while意為“雖然;盡管”，相當(dāng)于although或though。注意：①while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句通常位于主句的前面;②while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，如果主句與從句主語(yǔ)相同，從句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)中的be動(dòng)詞都可以省略。

2.?The?hope?is?that?they?can?continue?to?grow?and?get?better?over?time，?and?that?the?process?can?continue?to?develop?to?the?right?standard?without?any?complications?or?delays.?我們希望，隨著時(shí)間的推移，它們能夠繼續(xù)成長(zhǎng)并變得更好，并且這個(gè)過程能夠繼續(xù)發(fā)展到正確的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而不會(huì)出現(xiàn)任何并發(fā)癥或延遲。

【點(diǎn)石成金】本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。that?they?can?continue?to?grow?and?get?better

over?time，?and?that?the?process?can?continue?to?develop?to?the?right?standard?without?any?complications?or?delays是由that引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)并列的表語(yǔ)從句，that不能省略。注意：表語(yǔ)從句中，that一般不能省略。

Ⅱ.?Text?centered?chunks

work?on?致力于……

in?combination?with?與……結(jié)合;與……聯(lián)合

speed?up?加速;加快

without?qualification?無條件地

avoid?doing?sth?避免做某事

some?way?off?離……有一段距離

be?the?case?是這樣;是這種情況

over?time?隨著時(shí)間的推移