基于E-prime的時(shí)間和顏色對安檢視覺搜索績效的影響研究

鄭艷芳 江發(fā)明 龔暢祺 陳穎峰

摘 要：為研究時(shí)間和顏色對安檢視覺搜索績效的影響，運(yùn)用E-prime軟件設(shè)計(jì)視覺搜索試驗(yàn)，記錄視覺搜索準(zhǔn)確度和視覺搜索反應(yīng)時(shí)間，最終利用E-Merge、Excel、EV、SPSS軟件對試驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)、修正及分析。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：時(shí)間對正確排斥的視覺搜索準(zhǔn)確度的影響顯著，時(shí)間對擊中和正確排斥的視覺搜索時(shí)間影響顯著，5 s和10 s、15 s的差異均顯著，10 s和15 s的差異不顯著。時(shí)間長度適當(dāng)增加5～10 s，有利于安檢準(zhǔn)確度和效率的提升。顏色對擊中視覺搜索準(zhǔn)確度的影響顯著，灰色圖片較彩色圖片擊中個(gè)數(shù)多，即灰色有利于提高金屬類違禁品刀具和剪刀的辨識準(zhǔn)確度。顏色對正確排斥視覺搜索時(shí)間影響顯著，灰色正確排斥所需時(shí)間較彩色的短。

關(guān)鍵詞：視覺搜索;顯著性;時(shí)間;顏色;E-prime

中圖分類號：R814.3 ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼：A ? ? 文章編號：1003-5168（2021）21-0011-04

Research on the Effect of Time and Color on Security Inspection Visual Search Performance Based on E-prime

ZHENG Yanfang1? ? JIANG Faming1，2? ? GONG Changqi1? ? CHEN Yingfeng1

（1.School of Safety & Environmental Engineering，Hunan Institute of Technology，Hengyang Hunan 421002;

2. School of Public Administration，Xiangtan University，Xiangtan Hunan 411105）

Abstract： In order to study the effect of time and color on the visual search performance of security inspection， the visual search experiment designed with E-prime software to record the accuracy of the visual search judgement and visual search response time， finally， E-Merge， Excel， EV and SPSS software were used to count， revise and analyze the experimental results. The experimental results shown that time has the significant impact both on the accuracy of correct rejection search and the response time of hits and correct rejections. Especially， the significant difference between 5 s and other times such as 10 s and 15 s， but there was no much significant difference between the 10 s and 15s. It was conducive to the improvement of security accuracy and efficiency with the appropriate increase the length of the time that between 5 s～10 s. Color had a significant impact on the accuracy of visual search for hits inspections， and gray pictures had more hits and fewer missed inspections than color pictures which means gray is helpful to improve the accuracy of identification of metal contraband knives and scissors. Color had a significant effect on correct rejection， and it takes less time for gray to correct rejection than color.

Keywords： visual search; significant; time; color; E-prime

視覺搜索是指人類通過眼睛的移動、注視和掃視等一系列活動來完成視覺信息的收集和判斷，從而找到某個(gè)或某些目標(biāo)物的過程[1]。視覺搜索在工作和生活中都有廣泛應(yīng)用，如工業(yè)檢測[2]、軍事勘察[3]、醫(yī)學(xué)影像[4]、智能交通[5]等領(lǐng)域。鐵路安檢也是一個(gè)典型的視覺搜索作業(yè)，安檢員根據(jù)形狀和顏色等特征對X-ray行李圖片快速搜索，發(fā)現(xiàn)可能存在的違禁物品。在違禁品搜索中可能出現(xiàn)漏檢、虛報(bào)等情況，引致顧客抱怨并對公共安全造成威脅。因此，必須提高安檢視覺搜索作業(yè)績效。視覺搜索績效主要取決于兩方面指標(biāo)：視覺搜索準(zhǔn)確度和視覺搜索時(shí)間。根據(jù)信號檢測理論，視覺搜索包括四種輸出結(jié)果，即擊中、正確排斥、漏檢、虛報(bào)，前兩者是正判，后兩者是錯判。視覺搜索績效受到多因素影響，本文從人機(jī)料法環(huán)（4M1E）五個(gè)方面分析。