“雙碳”目標(biāo)下的風(fēng)景園林使命擔(dān)當(dāng)

2020年9月，國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平在第七十五屆聯(lián)合國(guó)大會(huì)上鄭重承諾，中國(guó)將提高國(guó)家自主貢獻(xiàn)力度，采取更加有力的政策和措施，二氧化碳排放力爭(zhēng)于2030年前達(dá)到峰值，努力爭(zhēng)取2060年前實(shí)現(xiàn)碳中和。什么是“碳中和”？“碳”即二氧化碳，“中和”即正負(fù)相抵。排出的溫室氣體總量被植樹(shù)造林、節(jié)能減排等形式抵消，這就是所謂的“碳中和”。從“碳達(dá)峰”到“碳中和”，不是量變到質(zhì)變的過(guò)程，而是依賴于科技革命的系統(tǒng)性變革。怎樣理解“雙碳”目標(biāo)，關(guān)鍵在于堅(jiān)持創(chuàng)新、協(xié)調(diào)、綠色、開(kāi)放、共享的新發(fā)展理念，而不是簡(jiǎn)單地將其解讀為一個(gè)純粹的“環(huán)境目標(biāo)”或“政治目標(biāo)”。任何“一刀切”“運(yùn)動(dòng)式”“片面化”的舉措都將適得其反。

At the general debate of the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly in September 2020, China announced that it would aim to achieve peak CO2emissions before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060 with improving its nationally determined contributions and adopting more powerful policies and measures. What is carbon neutrality? Carbon neutrality means having a balance between emitting carbon and absorbing carbon from the atmosphere in carbon sinks. From “carbon peak” to“carbon neutrality” is not a process from quantitative change to qualitative change, but a systematic change that relies on the scientific and technological revolution. The key to understanding the “dual carbon” goal is to adhere to the new development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, rather than simply interpreting it as a pure “environmental goal” or “political goal”. Any one-sided pursuit of speed will be counterproductive.

“雙碳”是國(guó)際社會(huì)的熱點(diǎn)話題?！半p碳”目標(biāo)的提出，促進(jìn)中國(guó)在全球氣候應(yīng)對(duì)舞臺(tái)上實(shí)現(xiàn)了從“被動(dòng)參與”“謹(jǐn)慎負(fù)責(zé)”到“積極貢獻(xiàn)”的碳排承諾。2020年中央經(jīng)濟(jì)工作會(huì)議將“開(kāi)展大規(guī)模國(guó)土綠化行動(dòng)，提升生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳匯能力”納入“十四五”開(kāi)局之年中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)工作重點(diǎn)任務(wù)。2021年，《關(guān)于推進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)綠色發(fā)展的意見(jiàn)》《中共中央國(guó)務(wù)院關(guān)于完整準(zhǔn)確全面貫徹新發(fā)展理念做好碳達(dá)峰碳中和工作的意見(jiàn)》《2030年前碳達(dá)峰行動(dòng)方案的通知》等文件發(fā)布，進(jìn)一步明確了加快轉(zhuǎn)變城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)方式，提出了“雙碳”工作的路線圖、施工圖以及“碳達(dá)峰十大行動(dòng)”。國(guó)家科技部正在制定碳中和技術(shù)發(fā)展路線圖及科技行動(dòng)方案。那種想通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單的種樹(shù)增綠方式實(shí)現(xiàn)碳中和，是實(shí)現(xiàn)不了的；淺顯解讀“雙碳”，拘泥于片面的方法措施，成效也是微弱的。這就要求風(fēng)景園林人，立足本學(xué)科，融合多學(xué)科，對(duì)“雙碳”建立全面的知識(shí)框架體系，在熱潮中保持清醒，形成正確認(rèn)識(shí)觀的基礎(chǔ)上，腳踏實(shí)地，探尋科學(xué)技術(shù)途徑，以應(yīng)用于具體實(shí)踐。

“Dual carbon” is a hot topic in the international community. The proposal of the“dual carbon” goal has promoted China’s commitment to carbon emissions from “passive participation”, “cautious responsibility” to “active contribution” on the global climate response arena. In 2020, the Central Economic Work Conference included “carrying out large-scale land greening action and improving the carbon sink capacity of ecosystem”into the key tasks of China's economic work in the first year of the 14th Five Year Plan.In 2021, China unveiled a master working guideline and several of ficial documents that aims to arrange the roadmap, construction drawings of “dual carbon” and “ten actions of carbon peak”. The Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China is formulating a roadmap for carbon neutral technology development and a science and technology action plan. Carbon neutralization cannot be realized through simple planting and greening; its construction effect is also weak based on the simple understanding and one-sided measures. This requires landscape architects to establish their own disciplines, integrate multiple disciplines, and establish a comprehensive knowledge framework system for “dual carbon”. Besides, they should try to stay sober in the upsurge and explore scientific and technological ways to be applied to specific practice.

“‘雙碳’目標(biāo)下的風(fēng)景園林”專題兼顧理論闡述和技術(shù)路徑探索。專題在理論層面，總結(jié)了綠地土壤碳庫(kù)空間分布規(guī)律及主要影響因子，重點(diǎn)剖析城市綠地土壤碳排放與自然土壤的差別及其潛在機(jī)制；梳理了樣地清查法、同化量法、微氣象法、遙感估測(cè)法等城市綠地碳匯計(jì)量監(jiān)測(cè)方法，提出多尺度、多方法結(jié)合的城市綠地碳匯計(jì)量監(jiān)測(cè)框架；探討了近10年國(guó)內(nèi)外低碳園林研究熱點(diǎn)及研究趨勢(shì)。專題在技術(shù)路徑層面，分析了不同類型、結(jié)構(gòu)群落及其組成樹(shù)種的碳匯能力以及影響群落碳儲(chǔ)量的關(guān)鍵因子，對(duì)樹(shù)種選擇和配置提出優(yōu)化方式。本期還對(duì)“城市公園可持續(xù)發(fā)展”進(jìn)行了專題論述。以“‘雙碳’目標(biāo)下的風(fēng)景園林”作為本刊2022年的開(kāi)篇專題，正應(yīng)了“凡益之道，與時(shí)偕行”之論，是新形勢(shì)下風(fēng)景園林人堅(jiān)守初心、勇?lián)姑?、尋求科學(xué)的又一次探索，也有助于讀者更全面、準(zhǔn)確地了解“雙碳”目標(biāo)下的風(fēng)景園林發(fā)展。

The topic of “Landscape Architecture under the Dual Carbon Goal” covers both theoretical and technical path exploration. At the theoretical level, the spatial distribution of green soil carbon pool and the main influencing factors were summarized, and authors discussed the difference between urban green soil carbon emissions and natural soil and its potential mechanisms; 4 carbon sequestration measurement and monitoring methods of urban green space were summarized including sample land inventory method, assimilation method, micro meteorological method and remote sensing estimation method; the reearch hotspots and research trends of low-carbon gardens at home and abroad in recent 10 years were also be discussed. At the technical path level,the carbon sink capacity of different types, structural communities and their constituent tree species were analyzed, and optimization methods for tree species selection and configuration were proposed. This issue took the “Sustainable Development of Urban Parks” as the second topic. Taking “Landscape Architecture under the Double Carbon”as the beginning topic in 2022 reflects the advancement with the times. This is another exploration of landscape architects who stick to their original aspirations, shoulder their missions, and seek science under the new situation. It will also help readers to have a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of the development of landscape architecture under the “dual carbon” goal.

主編

Editor-in-Chief

2021年12月28日

December 28th, 2021