巧抓三類詞語，提升復(fù)述能力

袁兵艷

廣東英語聽說考試中Retelling 部分主要考查考生的聽力理解能力、速記能力和口頭表達(dá)能力。本文旨在結(jié)合考生在訓(xùn)練與考試中反映出的問題探索如何提高基礎(chǔ)薄弱考生的故事復(fù)述能力。

考生主要存在以下三個(gè)問題：

1. 無法協(xié)調(diào)好聽與速記的關(guān)系;

2. 無法準(zhǔn)確捕捉信息要點(diǎn);

3. 根據(jù)速記要點(diǎn)連句成篇時(shí)句子結(jié)構(gòu)不準(zhǔn)確。

要解決這些問題，首先得了解故事類文章的主要特點(diǎn)：

1. 動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語展現(xiàn)故事發(fā)展情節(jié);

2. 名詞和代詞表達(dá)故事所講述的人和事;

3. 形容詞體現(xiàn)故事中人物的情感以及人或物的身份、性質(zhì)或特征。

因此，我們?cè)谧龉适聫?fù)述時(shí)，要重點(diǎn)聽好并記錄好動(dòng)詞、名詞（或代詞）、形容詞這三種詞。

我們以2021年廣東省聽說考試A卷為例，具體談?wù)勅绾胃鶕?jù)故事類文章的特點(diǎn)來訓(xùn)練，提高故事復(fù)述能力。

第一步，在所給故事梗概和關(guān)鍵詞中找動(dòng)詞、名詞和形容詞，為復(fù)述作準(zhǔn)備。

梗概：Tom兒時(shí)扔掉的畫被奶奶用心收藏，成名后辦畫展派上用場(chǎng)。

關(guān)鍵詞：drawing（畫）throw（扔）grandma（奶奶）exhibition（展覽）touched（感動(dòng)）

動(dòng)詞：throw away（扔掉），collect（收藏），hold（舉辦）

它們是故事情節(jié)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，是故事復(fù)述過程中要使用到的謂語或非謂語動(dòng)詞，也是復(fù)述過程中展現(xiàn)故事情節(jié)發(fā)展的核心。

名詞：Tom，drawing（畫），grandma（奶奶），exhibition（展覽）

它們是故事中的重要人物、事件和物品，是故事復(fù)述時(shí)所要用到的主語、賓語或表語，是故事復(fù)述的主要對(duì)象。

形容詞：famous（成名），touched（感動(dòng)）

它們是故事中人物的特征和感受，是故事復(fù)述時(shí)的定語或表語，它們使復(fù)述的故事變得更加具體和完善。

第二步，記動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語，抓住故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展。

聽第一遍錄音時(shí)，爭(zhēng)取努力聽懂故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展，同時(shí)，在草稿紙上由上而下寫出能體現(xiàn)故事情節(jié)發(fā)展的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語，抓住故事發(fā)展的起因、過程、高潮和結(jié)局。在記筆記的過程中盡量做到一行只寫一兩個(gè)、最多三個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語，留出足夠?qū)挼目臻g來添加第二遍聽取到的其它信息。如：

... loved ...

wanted to draw ...

... roll up ... throw into ...

... happened ... come ... encourage ... try ...

... went ...

... collected ...

... received ...

... hold ...

... show ... grew ...

... needed ...

... liked ...

... searched ...

... completed ...

... found ...

... ask ... go down ...

... showed ...

... opened ...

... threw away ...

... kept ... marked ... drew ...

... gave ...

第三步，添加重要的名詞、形容詞，補(bǔ)充時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)，完善故事情節(jié)發(fā)展的過程。

聽第二遍錄音時(shí)，圍繞筆記中的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語添加體現(xiàn)人物情感變化以及描述人物身份、特征和事物性質(zhì)特征的形容詞、名詞，補(bǔ)充故事發(fā)生的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)，必要時(shí)添加個(gè)別重要的副詞。故事梗概和給出關(guān)鍵詞中已有的名詞和形容詞無需重復(fù)，以免增加速寫負(fù)擔(dān)。如：

... little boy ... loved ...

... wanted to draw perfect pictures ...

... bad ... roll up ... throw into ... dustbin ...

... whenever ... happened ... come ... encourage ... try again...

... years went by ...

... now ... famous painter ...

... collected ... art galleries ... country

... one day ... received ... letter

... gallery ... hold ...

... show ... grew ... young learner ... famous painter ...

... needed ... earlier works ...

... liked ... idea

... searched ... house

... completed ... boy

... found ... several ... not enough ...

... ask ... go down ... basement ...

... showed ... huge box

... opened ...

... threw away ... in the past ...

... kept ... marked ... date ... drew ...

... deeply touched ...

... gave ... big hug ...

第四步，用主謂、主謂賓和主系表等基本句型完善復(fù)述內(nèi)容。

1. 主系表常用于復(fù)述人物身份、所處狀態(tài)和人物情感。常用的系動(dòng)詞有be， became和felt等。如：

（1）Tom was a little boy.

（2）He felt bad.

（3）Tom now was a famous painter.

（4）Tom felt upset.

（5）Tom felt deeply touched.

…

2. 主謂、主謂賓常用于描述故事發(fā)展過程和結(jié)局。如：

（1）Tom loved drawing.

（2）He rolled the drawings up and threw them into the dustbin.

（3）His grandma came and encouraged him to try again.

（4）Tom received a letter from a famous gallery.

（5）His grandma asked him to go down to the basement.

（6）Tom gave her a big hug.

…

我們?cè)趶?fù)述過程中盡可能使用短句，避免使用長(zhǎng)難句。如果遇到長(zhǎng)難句，盡可能拆分成短句。如：

The moment he entered the classroom， he saw peter crying to the teacher that someone had stolen his watch.

該句可拆分成三個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句①He entered the classroom. ②He saw peter crying. ③ Peter told the teacher someone had stolen his watch.

根據(jù)以上步驟，我們可以得出以下故事復(fù)述參考范文：

When Tom was a little boy， he loved drawing and wanted to draw perfect pictures. If he felt bad about his drawings， he would roll them up and throw them into the dustbin. When this happened， his grandma would come and encourage him to try again. Years went by， Tom was now a famous painter and his works were collected by many art galleries in the country. One day， Tom received a letter from a well known art gallery. The gallery needed his earlier works to hold an exhibition to show how Tom grew from a young learner to a famous painter. Tom liked this idea so he searched the house for his earlier works. But he felt upset because he just found several pieces， not enough for the exhibition. Knowing this， his grandma asked Tom to go down to the basement with her and showed him a huge box. After opening it， he found the drawings he threw away in the past， which were well kept and marked with the date. Tom felt deeply touched and gave his grandma a big hug.

總之，根據(jù)上述步驟，我們可以明確在復(fù)述的故事中，句子的主語和賓語正是從聽力原文中聽到并記下的名詞或代詞，句子的謂語則是從聽力原文中聽到并記下的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語，句子的表語是從聽力原文中聽到并記下的形容詞或名詞，而句子的定語是從聽力原文中聽到并記下的形容詞。因此，在備考英語聽說Retelling部分時(shí)，我們要培養(yǎng)記錄動(dòng)詞、名詞和形容詞，以及用這些詞組成結(jié)構(gòu)正確的句子進(jìn)行故事復(fù)述的能力。

責(zé)任編輯 蔣小青