附著分詞作狀語，六種語義大用處

杜銳

一、寫作中的“分詞結(jié)構(gòu)不能少”

在一線寫作教學實踐中，有的老師將自己的教學智慧凝聚為以下口訣：肯定不如雙否好，陳述不如倒裝妙;主動不如被動巧，分詞結(jié)構(gòu)不能少。從應試的角度來看，這句口訣是有一定道理的。

為什么“分詞結(jié)構(gòu)不能少”？

首先，它能讓句子簡潔。例如，“When I know that our library is going to buy some books， Id like to give some suggestions.”可以直接簡化為“Knowing our library is going to buy some books， Id like to give some suggestions.”

其次，它利于表意準確。例如，“她蹦蹦跳跳地來到教室”這一語義，就只能用分詞狀語傳達，即She came bouncing into the classroom.

最后，它因為凸顯了英語的獨特性，使得英語表達十分地道。

總之，為了表意的準確與地道，分詞的使用十分必要。

二、什么是“附著分詞”？

本文主要聚焦“附著分詞”，淺談“附著分詞”在英語讀后續(xù)寫中的應用。那么，什么是“附著分詞”呢？下面舉兩個例子來幫助大家理解。

1.He came in， radiating confidence.

2.He came in， face radiating confidence.

大家觀察一下上述兩句中的radiate，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)：第一句中radiating的主語是主句的主語He，也就是說第一句中的radiating是附著于主句主語的;而第二句中radiating的主語不是主句主語He，而是face，這時的radiating就不是附著分詞，而是獨立分詞。因為它有自己獨立的主語。

三、附著分詞的形式擇定

附著分詞主要有兩種形式，即doing與done。那么，使用時該選擇何種形式？同學們可參考6字心決：找主語，判關(guān)系。這里的關(guān)系是指判斷分詞與其主語是主動關(guān)系還是被動關(guān)系。

一般情況下，6字心訣就夠用了。然而，如果分詞與主句動詞發(fā)生時間存在先后問題，同學們就要考慮使用having done或having been done的形式，此時需要使用9字心訣：找主語、判關(guān)系、定先后。

1. ? ?（see） from the moon， the astronauts（宇航員）find the earth green.

2. （see） from the moon， the earth looks green.

3.She walked in， （follow） by a dog.

4.She walked in， （follow） her teacher.

5.Beauty， （accompany） by virtue（品德）， is like a flower without perfume（芳香）.

6.The boy， （accompany） his friends to the cinema， went to the library alone.

7. （review） his lessons， he went to bed.

8. （show） around the five houses for kids and fathers， Grace fell in deep love with the No.3 house.

【答案】1.Seeing;2.Seen;3.followed;4.following;5.not accompanied;6.not accompanying;7.Having reviewed;8.Having been shown。

四、如何使用附著分詞？

（一）分詞結(jié)構(gòu)與狀語從句間的轉(zhuǎn)換

這是附著分詞的本質(zhì)用法。當狀語從句的主語與主句主語相同時，我們可以將狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)換為分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

When I heard the news， I feel excited.

這里表示時間的狀語從句與主句共享主語，所以可以把狀語從句改為分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，從而形成以下句子：

Hearing the news， I feel excited.

1.When I know that our library is going to buy some books， Id like to give some suggestions.

2.Since students are fond of English songs， they surely expect some native singers to perform.

3.Though he was defeated， he remained a popular boxer.

4.We chase happiness and equal it with wealth and success， but we dont notice that the people having those things are not necessarily happier.

【答案】

1.Knowing that our library is going to buy some books， Id like to give some suggestions.

2.Being fond of English songs， they surely expect some native singers to perform.

3.Defeated， he remained a popular boxer.

4.We chase happiness and equal it with wealth and success， not noticing that the people having those things are not necessarily happier.

通過上述的轉(zhuǎn)換練習，我們可以明確：分詞狀語是可以與表示時間、條件、原因、讓步、伴隨、結(jié)果的狀語從句互換的。

（二）高考寫作中的模塊用法

筆者在此總結(jié)了6個語義模塊，這6個語義模塊在寫作中十分常見。大家熟記它們之后，可以在考試中直接提取利用，省卻思考時間。

1.得知消息有行動

（1） （hear） that you are to return to your country， I want to express my wishes to you.

（2）Delightedly （know） that you are interested in Chinese culture， I am more than willing to offer some introduction of Chinese painting.

2.看見現(xiàn)象有反應

（3） （see） the scene of the bear tearing down the fences， she was thrilled with terror.

（4） （cast） a despising glance at those who laugh at him， he went on doing his experiment.

3.思考回憶有新感

（5） （think） of the instructions his teacher often gives him， he blushed.

（6） （recall） the past spent with you， I am overwhelmed with gratitude.

4.懷著感情來做事

（7）? （cherish） much gratitude， I write this letter with the purpose of sharing some heart-felt words with you.

（8） （overwhelm） with the pride， I strongly suggest choosing Chinese Knot（中國結(jié)）as a small gift to your friends.

5.不要猶豫能促成

（9）Dont hesitate to attend Davids class，?? （contribute） to your better understanding of English history.

（10）Dont hesitate to join us in singing songs，? （fuel） your happiness in spare time.

6.描述特征能深入

（11） （characterize） by humor and generosity， he is very popular among us.

（12） （feature） by quiet atmosphere， this class always gets No.1.

【答案】（1）Hearing;（2）knowing;（3）Seeing;（4）Casting;（5）Thinking;（6）Recalling;（7）Cherishing;（8）Overwhelmed;（9）contributing;（10）fueling;（11）Characterized;（12）Featured。

以上六大語義模塊，有利于同學們提高應用附著分詞狀語的速度與準確度，值得背誦記憶。

五、實戰(zhàn)練一練

下面以2020年7月山東省高考讀后續(xù)寫真題為例，闡述附著分詞作狀語的用處。

The Meredith family lived in a small community. As the economy was in decline， some people in the town had lost their jobs. Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet（使收支平衡）. People were trying to help each other meet the challenges.

Mrs. Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman. She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor. She knew they had problems， and they needed all kinds of help. When she had time， she would bring food and medicine to them.

One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day before. There was a man sick in bed， his wife， who took care of him and could not go out to work， and their little boy. The little boy—his name was Bernard—had interested her very much.

“I wish you could see him，” she said to her own children， John， Harry， and Clara.“ He is such a help to his mother. He wants very much to earn some money， but I dont see what he can do.”

After their mother left the room， the children sat thinking about Bernard. “I wish we could help him to earn money，” said Clara. “His family is suffering so much.”

“So do I，” said Harry. “We really should do something to assist them.”

For some moments， John said nothing， but， suddenly， he sprang to his feet and cried， “I have a great idea！ I have a solution that we can all help accomplish（完成）.”

The other children also jumped up all attention. When John had an idea， it was sure to be a good one. “I tell you what we can do，” said John. “You know that big box of corn Uncle John sent us？ Well， we can make popcorn（爆米花）， and put it into paper bags， and Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell it.”

注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右;2.請按照如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。

Paragraph 1： When Mrs. Meredith heard of Johns idea， she thought it was a good one， too.

Paragraph 2： With everything ready， Bernard started out on his new business.

【簡要分析】文章講述了熱心的Mrs. Meredith與孩子們得知Bernard家生活困難后，想辦法幫助他掙錢補貼家用的故事。文章在“Mrs. Meredith的三個小孩想出‘做爆米花賣的主意后”戛然而止。根據(jù)給定兩段的續(xù)寫首句，我們可以確定續(xù)段一的內(nèi)容包括：三個小孩積極準備，最后成功邀請Bernard加入賣爆米花的活動中;續(xù)段二的內(nèi)容則包括：Bernard賣爆米花的過程，以及他的行為與感受。在敘述過程中，我們可以在文中靈活應用上述六大語義模塊，從而讓“附著分詞狀語”熠熠生輝！

【范文呈現(xiàn)】范文中劃橫線的“附著分詞狀語”有效地傳達了有關(guān)“動作、情感以及特征”等信息，同時也豐富了句式結(jié)構(gòu)。

Paragraph 1

When Mrs. Meredith heard of Johns idea， she thought it was a good one， too.

（1）Having exchanged glances with Mrs. Meredith， John immediately arranged different tasks for Harry and Clara.

（2）Harboring great excitement， Harry and Clara ran out， intending to borrow a popcorn machine.

（3）And John， overwhelmed with joy too， dashed to Bernards home.

（4）It was in a flash that John found Bernard， and told him his plan.

（5）“Dont hesitate to join us， contributing to some family income.” John added， voice laden with expectation.

（6）Facing this gracious invitation， Bernard was at a loss for what to say.

（7）No sooner had he nodded than John grasped his hand and dragged him away.

（8）Later， these children got together at Johns home and started to make popcorn.

Paragraph 2

With everything ready， Bernard started out on his new business.

（1）At the beginning， characterized by the shyness， Bernard failed to sell some popcorn.

（2）However， encouraged by John， he gradually gain courage and sold some popcorn successfully.

（3）With time going by， Bernard attracted a large quantity of people.

（4）Therefore， it didnt take long before Bernard sold all his popcorn.

（5）Seeing the money brought by his labor， he couldnt help jumping with excitement.

（6）The next two minutes witnessed the boy run jumping to Mrs. Meredith.

（7）“Thank you， Mrs. Meredith.” Bernard said simply in front of this Lady， eyes seeming to shine with tears.

（8）“Boy， its also a pleasure to help you. Go home to help your father. ” said the kind women， face radiating boundless love.

六、結(jié)語

本文僅僅是講述了“附著分詞狀語”的使用方法，事實上，附著分詞還可以作定語，如“In English， there are many words borrowed from Latin， French， or even Chinese.”因此，對分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的學習，同學們須臾不能放松。對于上述六大語義的附著分詞狀語，希望同學們能夠熟讀成誦，進而在寫作中進行使用，從而獲取滿意的高分。