曹靈 趙天儀 朱小霞 鄒和建
摘 要 新型冠狀病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19)仍在全球肆虐,對其患者除對癥處理外,沒有有效的治療措施。目前,COVID-19治療以抗病毒治療為主,酌情給予抗炎治療,但除糖皮質(zhì)激素外,其他抗炎藥物的使用并無明確的依據(jù)。秋水仙堿是臨床上常用的抗炎藥物之一,有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)它治療COVID-19有效,現(xiàn)正在進(jìn)行多項(xiàng)臨床研究。本文介紹秋水仙堿治療COVID-19有效的可能機(jī)制和相關(guān)臨床研究情況。
關(guān)鍵詞 秋水仙堿 新型冠狀病毒肺炎 臨床研究
中圖分類號:R971.1; R512.99 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號:1006-1533(2021)19-0066-04
基金項(xiàng)目:上海申康醫(yī)院發(fā)展中心專科疾病臨床“五新”轉(zhuǎn)化項(xiàng)目(16CR3012A);上海申康醫(yī)院發(fā)展中心適宜技術(shù)聯(lián)合開發(fā)推廣應(yīng)用項(xiàng)目(SHDC12016227)
Colchicine in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019
CAO Ling1, 2, ZHAO Tianyi1, 2, ZHU Xiaoxia1, 2, ZOU Hejian1, 2
(1. Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; 2. Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China)
ABSTRACT Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still raging around the world and there is no effective therapy for its patients except for the symptomatic treatment. At present, the treatment of COVID-19 is based on antiviral therapy and antiinflammatory treatment is given as appropriate. However, there is no clear basis for the use of other anti-inflammatory drugs except for glucocorticoids. Colchicine is one of the anti-inflammatory drugs commonly used in clinic, studies have found that it is effective in the treatment of COVID-19 and a number of clinical trials are currently underway. This article introduces the possible mechanisms of colchicine for the effective treatment of COVID-19 and the related clinical research status.
KEy wORDS colchicine; COVID-19; clinical study
新型冠狀病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19)仍在全球肆虐。目前,COVID-19治療以抗病毒治療為主,酌情給予抗炎治療。但除糖皮質(zhì)激素外,其他抗炎藥物的使用并無明確的依據(jù)。秋水仙堿是臨床上常用的抗炎藥物之一,有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)其治療COVID-19有效,現(xiàn)正在進(jìn)行多項(xiàng)臨床研究。本文介紹秋水仙堿治療COVID-19有效的可能機(jī)制和相關(guān)臨床研究情況。
COVID-19是一種臨床綜合征,由名為嚴(yán)重急性呼吸綜合征冠狀病毒2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2)的RNA病毒引起。SARSCoV-2是一種β屬冠狀病毒,類似于嚴(yán)重急性呼吸綜合征冠狀病毒(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, SARS-CoV)和中東呼吸綜合征冠狀病毒(Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, MERSCoV),其主要致病位點(diǎn)是病毒表面的刺突蛋白。截至2020年12月底,SARS-CoV-2已造成全球8 000多萬人感染,170多萬人死亡[1]。盡管SARS-CoV-2感染在大多數(shù)患者中可能無癥狀或僅引起輕微癥狀,且不似MERSCoV感染致命,但在近10% ~ 20%患者中可能會發(fā)展為間質(zhì)性肺炎和急性呼吸窘迫綜合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS),尤其是在免疫力下降的老年患者中。這類患者的血清鐵蛋白和D-二聚體水平非常高,并出現(xiàn)肝功能障礙,有血栓形成傾向和彌散性血管內(nèi)凝血,提示發(fā)生了巨噬細(xì)胞活化綜合征,也被稱為繼發(fā)性噬血細(xì)胞性淋巴組織細(xì)胞增多癥[2-3]。刺突蛋白是SARSCoV-2最具免疫原性的部分,它可經(jīng)與血管緊張素轉(zhuǎn)化酶2(angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, ACE2)結(jié)合而進(jìn)入宿主細(xì)胞。ACE2廣泛分布于肺泡上皮Ⅱ型細(xì)胞、心臟、腎臟、腸道和內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的表面。SARS-CoV-2的刺突蛋白進(jìn)入宿主細(xì)胞細(xì)胞質(zhì)后會釋放RNA基因組并進(jìn)行復(fù)制,導(dǎo)致新病毒顆粒的形成,進(jìn)而細(xì)胞解體,病毒擴(kuò)增。