何青
摘? 要:幼兒園開展科學(xué)、適當、趣味的體能課程活動,不僅能夠煥發(fā)幼兒學(xué)習(xí)的潛能,增強幼兒身的體素質(zhì),還能夠促進幼兒園教學(xué)質(zhì)量的提升。然而,在幼兒園的實際教學(xué)中,體能課程活動的開展較為倚重運動設(shè)施與游戲形式,場面有形有序,熱熱鬧鬧,但幼兒的體能并未得到促進與提高。由此可見,現(xiàn)階段幼兒園體能課程活動,只是停留在形式上,并未能夠從“體能”方面去開展有效的提升課程活動?;诖?,本文以幼兒“體能”為切入點,簡要論述幼兒園幼兒體能課程活動的開展原則,并提出可行性的實施策略,旨在促進幼兒在學(xué)前教育中能夠身心健康地全面發(fā)展。
關(guān)鍵詞:幼兒園教育;幼兒體能;活動開展原則;實施策略
【中圖分類號】G610?????? 【文獻標識碼】A???????? 【文章編號】1005-8877(2021)25-0057-02
Principles and implementation strategies of kindergarten children's physical fitness curriculum activities
HE Qing? (kindergarten of Yancheng Affiliated School of Beijing Normal University,china)
【Abstract】Carrying out scientific,appropriate and interesting physical curriculum activities in kindergartens can not only radiate children's learning potential,enhance children's physical quality,but also promote the improvement of kindergarten teaching quality. However,in the actual teaching of kindergartens,the development of physical fitness curriculum activities relies more on sports facilities and game forms. The scenes are tangible and orderly,hot and noisy,but children's physical fitness has not been promoted and improved. It can be seen that at this stage,kindergarten physical fitness curriculum activities only stay in form,and can not carry out effective curriculum activities from the aspect of "physical fitness". Based on this,taking children's "physical fitness" as the starting point,this paper briefly discusses the development principles of children's physical fitness curriculum activities in kindergartens,and puts forward feasible implementation strategies,in order to promote children's all-round development of physical and mental health in preschool education.
【Keywords】Kindergarten education;Children's physical fitness;Principles for carrying out activities;Implementation strategy
教育部門在《幼兒園教育指導(dǎo)綱要》(2016)明確指出,幼兒園教育目標與內(nèi)容最重要的就是幼兒的體質(zhì)健康教育。體能課程活動,是幼兒全面發(fā)展的重要保證,是落實素質(zhì)教育的核心內(nèi)容。它不僅能夠幫助幼兒的身體得到有效鍛煉,“野蠻”幼兒筋骨,還能夠培養(yǎng)幼兒的品德意志,“文明”幼兒精神,實現(xiàn)幼兒身、心全面發(fā)展與提升,對于幼兒的成長與成才,具有不可替代的重要作用作用。因此,教師在開展幼兒體能課程活動時,要循序原則,合理控制,發(fā)揮體能課程活動有效性的同時,也要避免不恰當運動方式對幼兒造成的不必要傷害,讓幼兒更好的去體驗與享受體能課程活動的快樂,進而實現(xiàn)幼兒身心素質(zhì)全面提升。
1. 幼兒園體能課程活動的開展原則
(1)目標性原則
幼兒園體能課程活動開展的本質(zhì)是促進幼兒體能的鍛煉與意志的磨練。由此,要以幼兒發(fā)展目標為核心,將幼兒園的各種教育設(shè)施有機結(jié)合在一起,并充分了解幼兒自身的發(fā)展特點與體能活動需求,讓其體能課程活動內(nèi)容與方法具有明確性、衡量性、實際性與可完成性的目標性原則,以此來讓幼兒的體能訓(xùn)練更具實效。
(2)發(fā)展性原則
幼兒的良性發(fā)展,是幼兒園教育的總體目標,因此,體能課程活動的起點與終點都應(yīng)該是以促進幼兒發(fā)展為基本原則。與此同時,幼兒在體能課程活動中的發(fā)展,并不是只體現(xiàn)在知識與技能的增長,還要有過程與方法的掌握,情感態(tài)度與價值觀念的體驗,以幼兒為活動中心,一切教學(xué)活動的實施都以幼兒的發(fā)展為基石,這樣才能讓體能課程活動切實提高幼兒的心理與身體素質(zhì)。