曲永華
賓語從句是中考必考考點之一,主要考查賓語從句的時態(tài)、語序、引導詞??疾榈闹饕问绞菃雾椞羁?、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子等。
考點一: 賓語從句的引導詞
1. 由that引導的賓語從句。that沒有實在意義,可以省略。如:I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which和連接副詞when, where, why, how引導的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當某個成分。如:Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
3. 由if或whether引導的賓語從句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。
典例:(2020·貴州·黔西南州)Jeff asked his students, “Do you know it is important to protect the earth?”(改為間接引語)
Jeff asked his students they it is important to protect the earth.
【解析】一般疑問句改為賓語從句時要用連詞if/whether; 當主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時,從句也要用相應的過去時態(tài),可知后面用knew。
典例:(2019 · 江蘇·淮安)Excuse me, could you tell me ?
A. when he was born B. how far is it from here
C. what does he look like D. where he leaves for yesterday
【解析】根據(jù)題意既要考慮引導詞的選擇,還要考慮語序,排除BC;選項D用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài),排除D。故A符合語境。
考點二: 賓語從句的語序
1. 陳述句變?yōu)橘e語從句,由連詞that引導,語序不變,即仍用陳述語序。如:
He is an honest boy. The teacher said. → The teacher said(that) he was an honest boy.
易錯提示:that引導的賓語從句變成被動語態(tài)時,只變主句,不變從句。如:It is said that ...(據(jù)說……);It is known that ...(眾所周知……);It is reported that ...(據(jù)報告……)等,也可把它們當作固定句式來運用。如:It is said that he is from Canada.
2. 一般疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句時,連詞用if和whether引導;特殊疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句時,連詞用特殊疑問詞引導,語序都要變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。
易錯提示(1):一般情況下,if和whether可互換,在口語中多用if,而在以下幾種情況下,只能用whether。
①與 or 連用分別引導兩個從句時,或強調(diào)兩方面的選擇, 特別是句中有or not時用whether,不用if。如:I don’ t know whether you will come to my party or not tomorrow.
②在動詞不定式之前只能用whether,不用if。如:I can’ t make up my mind whether to go or not.
③在介詞之后只能用whether引導賓語從句,不用if。如:It depends on whether I have enough time.
④賓語從句置于句首表示強調(diào)時,用whether,不用if。如:Whether this is true, I can’ t say.
易錯提示(2):當疑問代詞what、who在特殊疑問句中作主語時,該特殊疑問句本身就是陳述句語序,所以當該句用來作賓語時,語序不需要調(diào)整。
What’s wrong with her? → He asked the girl what was wrong with her.
What’s the matter? → He asked the girl what was the matter.
What has happened to him? → We want to know what has happened to him.
典例:(2020 ·貴州·安順)The BBC’s documentary Du Fu:China’s Greatest Poet explains
Du’s works have been popular for centuries.
A. when B. whether C. why
【解析】句意:“英國廣播公司的紀錄片《杜甫:中國最偉大的詩人》解釋了為什么杜甫的作品在幾個世紀以來廣受歡迎?!备鶕?jù)句意可知,要用引導詞why,故選C。
典例:(2020 ·北京)— Do you know ?
—At 9:00 tomorrow morning.
A. when the video meeting began
B. when did the video meeting begin
C. when the video meeting will begin
D. when will the video meeting begin
【解析】句意:“——你知道視頻會議什么時候開始嗎?——明天上午9點?!辟e語從句中從句語序應該為陳述句語序,因此排除B和D;根據(jù)答語“At 9 o’clock tomorrow morning”可知,詢問的應該是將來的事,用一般將來時,選項A是一般過去時,故選C。
(未完,待續(xù))