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      原因狀語從句要點歸納

      2021-08-14 22:49:16古光英
      考試與評價·高一版 2021年3期
      關(guān)鍵詞:附帶主句連詞

      古光英

      考測題

      I. 用because, since, as或for填空。

      1. ___ you are tired, you should have a rest.

      2. I got the job ___ the people who run the firm knew I had already written some programmes.

      3. ___ the ticket price was low, most of the time Ocean Park was operating under deficit (虧損).

      4. The meeting must have been put off, ___ I saw nobody when I went to the meeting room.

      5. The children have to teach each other????? ___ the teacher is busy with other work.

      6. He could not have seen me, ___ I was not there.

      7. ___ it can take a long time to download large image files, keep the file sizes small.

      II. 從所給的四個選項中選出最佳選項。

      1. ___ hes ill, hes unlikely to come.

      A. Although ?????????? B. Seeing that

      C. When ????????? D. Until

      2. ___ you are grown up, you should not depend on your parents.

      A. While ????????? B. Now

      C. As soon as ??????? D. Unless

      3. My book is different from yours ___ mine is about chemistry while yours is about history.

      A. in that ???????? B. though

      C. if ??????????????? D. once

      4. ___ it is raining outside, you should not leave.

      A. Consider that

      B. Being considering that

      C. Considering that

      D. Considered that

      5. —Why did the factory turn to the German engineer for help?

      —___ no workers could repair the machine.

      A. For ? B. As ?? C. Since ???? D. Because

      III. 根據(jù)漢語意思完成下列句子,每空詞數(shù)不限。

      1. 手機聯(lián)系方便,所以很多父母給他們的孩子購買手機。

      Because mobile phone owners can be reached at any time, _______ for their children.

      2. 你不要因為有人說你壞話而生氣。

      You shouldnt get angry _______.

      3. 因為水已經(jīng)被污染了,所以村民們已經(jīng)沒有水可喝了。

      The villagers have no water to drink _______.

      The villagers have no water to drink _______.

      (Key?p. 37)

      歸納講解

      一、原因狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞

      引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有because, as, since, for, seeing (that), now (that), considering (that), in that等。

      (一) because, since, as和for的區(qū)別

      because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句一般位于主句之后,because表示直接的原因,語氣最強,從句是全句表達的中心,也用來回答由 why引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句;since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句一般位于主句之前,表示已知的事實,通常被翻譯成“既然”,較為正式,語氣比because弱;as 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句時表示附帶說明的雙方已知的事實或比較明顯的原因,語氣比since弱,較為口語化,位置較為靈活,常與since換用;for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句并不說明主句行為發(fā)生的直接原因,只提供一些輔助性的補充說明或推斷原因,for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句只能位于主句之后,并且必須用逗號將其與主句隔開。例如:

      He didnt attend the meeting yesterday because he was ill. 他昨天沒來開會是因為生病了。(he was ill是他沒來開會的直接原因,也是全句表達的中心。)

      Since you are free today, you should help me with my mathematics. 既然你今天有空,你應(yīng)該幫我補習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)。(you are free是附帶說明的事實,著重點在主句。)

      As it is raining, you should take a taxi. 既然在下雨,你應(yīng)該乘出租車。(it is raining是附帶說明的原因,不過其語氣比since要弱,著重點也在主句。)

      He must be ill, for he is absent today. 他今天沒來,一定是生病了。(主句he must be ill是從he is absent today推斷出來的,它們之間不存在因果關(guān)系。)

      再如考測題的第I題,第2、5小題表示的是直接原因,所以用because;第1、3、7小題為比較明顯的原因或雙方已知的事實,故使用since或as,當(dāng)場合比較正式時,使用since更佳,如第3題;第4、6小題表示推測的依據(jù),故填for;還有第II題的第5小題,回答由why引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句用because。

      (二) seeing (that), now (that), considering (that), in that這幾個從屬連詞與since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句意思相近,都表示“既然”。例如:

      Seeing that it is 8 oclock, well wait no longer. 由于已經(jīng)八點了,我們就不再等了。

      Now (that) he refused to help us, theres no reason that we should now help him. 他既然曾經(jīng)拒絕幫助我們,我們現(xiàn)在也沒有理由要幫助他。

      Considering (that) everybody is here, lets begin our discussion. 既然大家都到了,我們就開始討論吧。

      In that he is ill, he feels unable to do it. 因為生病了,他覺得做不了那件事。

      二、幾點注意事項

      (一) because, since, as, for等這些引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞不能與so連用。雖然在漢語中習(xí)慣上說“因為……,所以……”,但英語習(xí)慣并非如此,尤其在使用because 的時候要更加注意。例如:

      I didnt enjoy the picnic because the weather was bad. 我不喜歡那次野餐,因為天氣不好。

      再如,在做第III題的第1小題時,千萬不可因為原句中有“所以”就直接譯為so,因為在句子的開頭已經(jīng)使用了because。

      (二) 關(guān)于not... because...結(jié)構(gòu):該結(jié)構(gòu)中的否定詞有時否定主句,有時否定從句,一般要根據(jù)句子的意思作出正確或合乎邏輯的理解。若not否定主句,最好在because之前用逗號,否則會引起歧義,如下面的句子在沒有特定上下文時就有兩種解釋:

      I didnt go because I was afraid. 我沒有去是因為害怕。(也可以理解為“我不是因為害怕才去的”。)

      再如,在做第III題的第2小題時一定要把否定詞not放在主句,而非從句中。

      (三) because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句有時可與because of 短語轉(zhuǎn)換。例如:

      He cant come because he is ill. = He cant come because of his illness. 他因病不能來。

      I said nothing about it because his wife was there. = I said nothing about it because of his wifes being there. 因為他妻子在那兒,我對此事只字未提。

      再如,第III題的第3小題就有兩種翻譯方法。

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