高考英語(yǔ)“七選五”閱讀的銜接方式與解題思路

廣東 駱海燕

新高考地區(qū)高考英語(yǔ)“七選五”閱讀，共5 小題，每小題2.5 分，滿分12.5 分。高分層的學(xué)生通常會(huì)得滿分，但中低分層的學(xué)生往往一不小心就會(huì)嚴(yán)重失分。5 小題共同構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的篇章，可謂一題不慎，他題遭殃。但相對(duì)于閱讀理解C 篇和D 篇來說，“七選五”的難度并不高，其重點(diǎn)考查考生對(duì)篇章銜接的把握。筆者結(jié)合教學(xué)實(shí)踐，總結(jié)出“七選五”的復(fù)習(xí)口訣“四看四把握”：一看文章結(jié)構(gòu)，把握整體思路；二看題號(hào)位置，把握命題角度；三看選項(xiàng)句式，把握句子特點(diǎn)；四看空白前后，把握細(xì)節(jié)銜接。本文中筆者將重點(diǎn)就“七選五”的銜接方式與解題思路展開分析，希望能給考生的備考帶來啟發(fā)。

一看文章結(jié)構(gòu)，把握整體思路

從上表可知，“七選五”的短文有時(shí)有標(biāo)題，有時(shí)沒標(biāo)題。2020 年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ“七選五”的短文中各段還特別用黑點(diǎn)顯示分點(diǎn)的首句。2021 年1 月八?。ㄊ校┞?lián)考“七選五”閱讀模仿了這一做法，用黑點(diǎn)顯示各段的小標(biāo)題。

二看題號(hào)位置，把握命題角度

從上表可知，“七選五”的文章一般分為四至五段，段首、段中和段末都有設(shè)題，但不會(huì)在首段首句設(shè)題，這和完形填空題一樣，首段首句一般不設(shè)空。其余四題三個(gè)位置都可能設(shè)空。段中的設(shè)空多關(guān)注前后句的銜接，段首句的設(shè)空除了要注意總起概括本段，還要注意銜接上段的內(nèi)容，而段末句的設(shè)空除了需關(guān)注其與前句的銜接，還需關(guān)注其起總結(jié)本段或全文的作用。

三看選項(xiàng)句式，把握句子特點(diǎn)

從上表可知，部分設(shè)空可以先根據(jù)句式進(jìn)行判斷，從而縮小選項(xiàng)的范圍。以2020 年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ為例，36 題的正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該在A，B 和G 三個(gè)疑問句之中產(chǎn)生；37 題位于段首，是段落主題句，應(yīng)與下面各段首句句式相同，為祈使句，故可在D，E 和F 三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中進(jìn)行選擇，這樣一來，選擇的范圍就變小了，再根據(jù)前后銜接及句意，就可以選出答案了。

四看空白前后，把握細(xì)節(jié)銜接

（一）代詞銜接

1.人稱代詞：it,he,she,we,they...

【2018 年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ】Over the years,there have been a number of differenttechniquesto help designers approach this important point.37,theycan get a little complex.But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home:the small ones,the medium ones,and the large ones.

【解題思路】37 題為細(xì)節(jié)支撐句，承前啟后。此處是復(fù)合句中的狀語(yǔ)從句，結(jié)合本段第一句中的“a number of differenttechniques”以及最后一句給出的三種設(shè)計(jì)方案可知，此處表示“雖然這些技巧非常有用，但它們會(huì)有一點(diǎn)復(fù)雜”，故A 項(xiàng)“While all of them are useful”符合語(yǔ)境，句中的“all of them”和后句的“they”均指代前一句中的techniques。故選A。注意they,them 指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。另外，While 在本句中意為“雖然”，并留意useful與complex 的詞義。

2.指示代詞：this,that,these,those

【2019 年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ】Recently,people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing（治愈）.38 Inthese placespatients can go to be near nature during their recovery.It turns out that just looking at green,growing things can reduce stress,lower blood pressure,and put people into a better mood（情緒）.Greenery is good for us.Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.39 It gives us a great feeling of peace.

【解題思路】38 題為細(xì)節(jié)支撐句，承前啟后。上一句提到“人們開始研究自然界和治愈之間的聯(lián)系”，G 項(xiàng)“All across the country,recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.”提到“在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)，康復(fù)中心已經(jīng)開始建設(shè)康復(fù)花園”，是對(duì)上一句的延伸，且下一句中的“these places”指代的就是G 項(xiàng)中的“Healing Gardens”。故選G。學(xué)生可以根據(jù)意義和詞語(yǔ)指代兩條線索來解題；39 題為細(xì)節(jié)支撐句，承前啟后。前文提 到“Greenery is good for us.”，C 項(xiàng)“Being in nature refreshes us.”與前文在意義上構(gòu)成遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，解釋了綠色植物對(duì)人體有益處，且與下一句“It gives us a great feeling of peace.”在意思上連貫，It 指代Greenery。故選 C。注意It 指代單數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞或句子。

3.疑問代詞/副詞：which,who,what;when,where,why,how

【2020 年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ】We all want it...to accept and love ourselves.But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach.36 Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.

【解題思路】36 題為承上啟下句。前兩句提到“我們要接受和愛自己，但有時(shí)這似乎太困難”，設(shè)空處及其后應(yīng)提出方法，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可判斷設(shè)空處應(yīng)是一個(gè)疑問句，故應(yīng)從選項(xiàng)A.Feeling upset again? B.Where do you start?和G.When does the comparison game start? 中進(jìn)行選擇。A 選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了“again”，這意味著其要和前句銜接，不符合語(yǔ)境，G 選項(xiàng)中的“the comparison game”與本段的內(nèi)容不銜接。故選B。

4.不定代詞：every,each,both,all,other,others,another...

【2019 年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ】40 Whilethe sun’s rayscan age and harm our skin,they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin— put on sunscreen right as you head outside.It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working,and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D.

【解題思路】40 題為段落主題句，同時(shí)承接上文。本段介紹了陽(yáng)光對(duì)人體的好處，D 項(xiàng)“Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.”提出“呼吸新鮮空氣的另一個(gè)附帶好處是陽(yáng)光”，“Another side benefit”承接上文的好處，且sunlight 與后一句的“the sun’s rays ”呼應(yīng)。故選D。

（二）詞匯銜接

1.原詞銜接

【2018 年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ】Color is fundamental in home design—something you’ll always have in every room.A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in.Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you justlooking fora place to relax after a long day? 36,color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.

【解題思路】上文給出了不同的房間風(fēng)格選擇，該段最后一句又提到“color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel”，由此可知此處指不管你在尋找什么（風(fēng)格），顏色是關(guān)鍵。B 項(xiàng)“Whatever you’relooking for”為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，且短語(yǔ)“l(fā)ooking for”前后句重現(xiàn)呼應(yīng)，文意銜接自然。故選B。原詞銜接的注意事項(xiàng)：注意選項(xiàng)是否與原文的意思銜接，如果不是，則該詞復(fù)現(xiàn)為設(shè)題陷阱。

2.語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)銜接

語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)的五種主要類型：類屬義場(chǎng)、順序義場(chǎng)、關(guān)系義場(chǎng)、同義義場(chǎng)、反義義場(chǎng)。

【2019 年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ】37 If the air you’re breathing is clean—which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life-giving,energizing oxygen.If you exercise out of doors,your body will learn to breathe more deeply,allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles（肌肉）and your brain.

【解題思路】37 題為段首句。本段介紹了呼吸潔凈的室外空氣對(duì)身體有益，A 選項(xiàng)“Fresh air cleans our lungs.”提到“新鮮空氣清潔我們的肺”，符合語(yǔ)境，且“l(fā)ungs”與“breathe”呼應(yīng)。故選A。

3.副詞(連詞）銜接

在高考英語(yǔ)“七選五”閱讀中，常見的形成副詞（連詞）銜接的詞包括however (but),so,therefore,also,too,either,again 等。

【2018 年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ】The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls,ceilings,and floors.Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint,the time,effort and relative expense put into it are significant.40 .

【解題思路】40 題為篇末總結(jié)句。根據(jù)本段第二句提到的“the time,effort and relative expense put into it are significant”可知，此處意在強(qiáng)調(diào)所花費(fèi)的時(shí)間、精力和費(fèi)用是巨大的，F(xiàn) 選項(xiàng)“So it pays to be sure,because you want to get it right the first time”提到“所以要確定，因?yàn)槟阆氲谝淮尉妥龊谩迸c前一句語(yǔ)義銜接，且so 為標(biāo)記詞。故選F。

（三）標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)銜接

【2019 年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ】We all grew up hearing people tell us to“go out and get some fresh air.”36 According to recent studies,the answer is a big YES,if the air quality in your camping area is good.

【解題思路】36 題為承上啟下句。上一句提到“我們從小就被告訴應(yīng)出去呼吸新鮮空氣”，下一句中的關(guān)鍵信息“the answer is a big YES”是對(duì)某個(gè)問題作出的回答，由此可判斷設(shè)空處應(yīng)是一個(gè)一般疑問句，故答案應(yīng)從B.So what are you waiting for? 和E.But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said? 兩個(gè)疑問句中進(jìn)行選擇。根據(jù)句意可知，E 項(xiàng)“But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?”符合語(yǔ)境。故選E。

（四）語(yǔ)境銜接

【2018 年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ】Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with.They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows,mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms.Less tiring than painting yourwalls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa,small color choicesbring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.

Medium color choicesare generally furniture pieces such as sofas,dinner tables or bookshelves.39.Theyrequire a bigger commitment than smaller ones,and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.

【解題思路】39 題后面的“They”指代“Color choices”，段末提到了“a bigger commitment than smaller ones”和“a more powerful effect”，此處是在和上文中的“small color choices”作對(duì)比，故G 選項(xiàng)“Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways”與上下文語(yǔ)境銜接緊密。故選G。

【2020 年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ】● 37 Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough.Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own;you are the only you in this world.

●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made.We are often ashamed of our shortcomings,our mistakes and our failures.Remember,you are only human.You will make mistakes,time and time again.Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better,why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response?“That didn’t go as planned.But,I tried my best.”

【解題思路】37 題為本段主題句，與下面各段的首句句式相同，為祈使句，故答案應(yīng)從選項(xiàng)D.Remember,you are only human.E.Set an intention for self-acceptance.和F.Stop comparing yourself with others.中進(jìn)行選擇。根據(jù)句意可知，F(xiàn) 選項(xiàng)“不要拿自己和別人比較”與上下文語(yǔ)境銜接緊密。故選F。

筆者要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，在“七選五”閱讀的復(fù)習(xí)備考中，學(xué)生在每次依靠小策略做完題目后，要注意積累一些詞匯或短語(yǔ)，不斷擴(kuò)大自己的詞匯量，并做到能精準(zhǔn)分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)和句子，真正做到以不變應(yīng)萬(wàn)變。否則，技巧終究是權(quán)宜之計(jì)，難保萬(wàn)全。畢竟，高考考查的是考生分析和解決問題的能力。此外，應(yīng)注意多個(gè)選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)同一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞時(shí)的細(xì)致排查，如2021 年1 月八?。ㄊ校┞?lián)考“七選五”閱讀試題中選項(xiàng)B，D 和F 中都出現(xiàn)了關(guān)鍵詞app；或選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了文章中的原詞，但句意卻與原文不符等命題陷阱。