高考英語(yǔ)新題型試題選登

甘肅 董國(guó)勇 浙江 陳文煒

【完形填空】

Yogita Raghuvanshi is well-known as India’s first woman truck driver.A qualified lawyer,she 1 the tough life on the highways to look after her family.

Her story is one of courage,determination and resilience（韌性）.Yogita grew up in Nandurbar in Maharashtra with her family,2 degrees in Commerce and Law.She was happy being a 3 and a mother when her husband encouraged her to study law.When her husband died 16 years ago,she preferred to 4 on the road than practice law.

Yogita’s explanation is 5 .She says,“If I had chosen to be a junior to some lawyer and enter the 6 profession,I would have got only a little for the many initial years.But I7 that driving trucks meant instant wages and greater stability.In a country that is developing at such a rapid pace,there will always be 8 for a truck driver.”

Yogita is far from the typical inter-state 9 .She says she never considers a 10 as a challenge.“I had made up my mind that I just want to move forward and do this for myself and my family.I kept moving forward,11 all barriers,”she adds.

While there may not be many 12 on the road,Yogita says it’s 13 that they are coming forward and taking up this job.“All I want to tell them is that one must have self-belief and must not 14 what the world thinks about them.I 15_to take challenges and this gives me a lot of confidence,”she says.

1.A.recalled B.imagined

C.preferred D.escaped

2.A.desiring B.earning

C.choosing D.quitting

3.A.lawyer B.farmer

C.scientist D.wife

4.A.drive B.wander

C.cry D.sleep

5.A.satisfactory B.funny C.practical D.accurate

6.A.traditional B.legal

C.special D.popular

7.A.learned B.hoped

C.believed D.agreed

8.A.education B.respect

C.development D.work

9.A.expert B.trucker

C.hero D.manager

10.A.mistake B.customer

C.challenge D.success

11.A.breaking B.setting

C.hitting D.preventing

12.A.cars B.accidents

C.partners D.women

13.A.encouraging B.surprising

C.embarrassing D.disgusting

14.A.ignore B.accept

C.forget D.doubt

15.A.wish B.attempt

C.prepare D.love

【命題意圖】本語(yǔ)篇選自國(guó)外英文網(wǎng)站，語(yǔ)篇原汁原味。本文是一篇記敘文，主題語(yǔ)境為人與自我。文章主要講述了印度婦女Yogita 成為印度第一位女卡車司機(jī)的故事。人與自我主題語(yǔ)境下的個(gè)人職業(yè)規(guī)劃也是高考英語(yǔ)的高頻話題。本題與2020 年新高考Ⅰ卷（供山東省使用）完形填空的體裁、語(yǔ)篇類型一致，命題角度和考查知識(shí)點(diǎn)等接近。本語(yǔ)篇的預(yù)設(shè)難度為中等，其中考查動(dòng)詞7 處，考查名詞5 處，考查形容詞3 處。命題側(cè)重于考查學(xué)生對(duì)整體故事情節(jié)的把握，尤其是考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文對(duì)故事細(xì)節(jié)的推理判斷能力。筆者希望通過(guò)這篇文章學(xué)生可以更好地掌握本題型的考點(diǎn)以及解題思路和方法，更好地解答此類題目。

【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了印度婦女Yogita 原本是一名律師，但自從丈夫去世后，她寧愿當(dāng)一名女卡車司機(jī)去賺錢養(yǎng)家，她也是印度第一位女卡車司機(jī)。

1.C 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段最后一句“When her husband died 16 years ago,she preferred to 4 on the road than practice law.”可知，作為一名合格的律師，她寧愿在高速公路上過(guò)艱苦的生活去照顧家人。preferred 意為“寧愿”。故選C。

2.B 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段第二句中的“A qualified lawyer”可知，Yogita 和家人在馬哈拉施特拉邦的南都巴長(zhǎng)大，獲得了商業(yè)和法律學(xué)位。earning 意為“獲得”。故選B。

3.D 考查名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)設(shè)空處后半句“when her husband encouraged her to study law”可知，作為一位妻子和母親，她很高興。wife 意為“妻子”。故選D。

4.A 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段第一句“Yogita Raghuvanshi is well-known as India’s first woman truck driver.”可知，她的丈夫在16 年前去世，從那以后，她寧愿在馬路上開(kāi)車，也不愿再當(dāng)一名律師。drive 意為“開(kāi)車”。故選A。

5.C 考查形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)設(shè)空處后一句“...If I had chosen to be a junior to some lawyer and enter the 6 profession,I would have got only a little for the many initial years.”可知，Yogita 的解釋是切合實(shí)際的。practical 意為“實(shí)際的”。故選C。

6.B 考查形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)設(shè)空處前半句“If I had chosen to be a junior to some lawyer”可知，此處表示如果她選擇進(jìn)入法律行業(yè)。legal 意為“法律的”。故選B。

7.A 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)空前“I would have got only a little for the many initial years.”及本句語(yǔ)境可知，“我得知開(kāi)卡車意味著可以得到即時(shí)的工資，且穩(wěn)定性更強(qiáng)”。learned意為“得知”。故選A。

8.D 考查名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)前半句“In a country that is developing at such a rapid pace”可知，在一個(gè)如此快速發(fā)展的國(guó)家，卡車司機(jī)總是會(huì)有工作的。work 意為“工作”。故選D。

9.B 考查名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)前文以及后一句“She says she never considers a 10 as a challenge.”可知，Yogita 不是典型的州際卡車司機(jī)。trucker 意為“卡車司機(jī)”。故選B。

10.C 考查名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)后一句“I had made up my mind that I just want to move forward and do this for myself and my family.I kept moving forward,11 all barriers,”可知，她從不把挑戰(zhàn)當(dāng)作挑戰(zhàn)。challenge 意為“挑戰(zhàn)”。故選C。

11.A 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)前一句“She says she never considers a 10 as a challenge.”以及本句語(yǔ)境可知，她不斷前進(jìn)，打破了所有的障礙。breaking 意為“打破”。故選A。

12.D 考查名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)文章第一句“Yogita Raghuvanshi is well-known as India’s first woman truck driver.”可知，在印度，女卡車司機(jī)可能不多。women 意為“女人”。故選D。

13.A 考查形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)“...they are coming forward and taking up this job.”可知，令人振奮的是，她們開(kāi)始接受這份工作。encouraging 意為“振奮人心的”。故選A。

14.B 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)前半句“All I want to tell them is that one must have self-belief ”可知，Yogita 只想告訴她們，一個(gè)人必須有自信，不能接受世界對(duì)自己的看法。accept意為“接受”。故選B。

15.D 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)“...and this gives me a lot of confidence”以及文章內(nèi)容可知，Yogita喜歡接受挑戰(zhàn)。love意為“喜愛(ài)”。故選D。

【長(zhǎng)難句分析】While there may not be many women on the road,Yogita says it’s encouraging that they are coming forward and taking up this job.（最后一段第一句）

分析：While 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；says 后是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，其中it 作形式主語(yǔ)，that 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。

譯文：雖然路上的女性卡車司機(jī)可能不多，但Yogita說(shuō)，令人鼓舞的是，她們開(kāi)始站出來(lái)接受這份工作。

【詞匯積累】

qualified adj.具備資格的，有條件的

initial adj.最初的，開(kāi)始的

wage n.工資

barrier n.障礙

【作者單位 姓名】甘肅省積石山縣民族中學(xué) 董國(guó)勇

【讀后續(xù)寫】

Amy bathed in the late August sun as she sat atop her lifeguard post at the small public beach.The surf was up,but it’s still early and only one surfer alone worked the waves.She breathed deeply,enjoying the nice sounds of the ocean and the warm breeze.Life guarding was the ideal job for Amy,who dreamed of becoming a champion swimmer.Her schedule at the beach worked well with her training,and the additional onduty time in the water helped build her strength.

As she casually watched the surfer,Amy day-dreamed about her next competition and imagined herself being the first to cross the finish line.She opened her cooler filled with ice and bottled water and pulled out a cold drink to ease her thirst.

Scanning the surf again,Amy became uneasy and shocked,shifting in her seat for a clearer view.She saw the surfer’s board but no longer saw the young man.

“Where is he?”she said aloud as she reached nervously for her telescope.Searching the water around the empty board,Amy saw nothing but waves.She jumped up,grabbing the buoy rope and hanging it over her shoulder,and ran into the surf.She swam with long,powerful strokes toward the floating surfboard.When she reached her destination,she located the ankle rope and dove down,hoping to find the surfer still linked to his board.

Suddenly something bumped（撞上）hard into her.As Amy turned around,horror flooded her right to the bone.The gray object that had hit her was a shark fin（鰭）.At that moment,Amy saw teenaged boy was just feet in front of her,one foot bleeding—and in the jaws of the shark.

Amy burst to the surface and gulped down as big a reserve of air as her lungs could hold and dove back toward the shark.Terrified but determined to rescue the young man,Amy gathered all her strength and delivered one powerful kick to the shark’s snout（口鼻部）.Surprised more than hurt,the shark opened its mouth just long enough for Amy to snatch the surfer and rushed back toward the surface.

Fearing that the shark may follow and attack,Amy swam frantically toward the coast.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Six weeks later,outside the small hall of her seaside village,Amy was honored in a ceremony for saving Tom.______________________________________________________

【命題意圖】本文是一篇記敘文，主題語(yǔ)境是人與社會(huì)（鯊口救人）。文章主要講述了熱愛(ài)游泳的Amy 是當(dāng)?shù)匾粋€(gè)海灘的救生員。一天，Amy 及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)男孩沖浪時(shí)遭遇險(xiǎn)情，趕緊下水救人，男孩遭到鯊魚(yú)襲擊，被鯊魚(yú)咬住腿。Amy 不顧危險(xiǎn)，全力踢向鯊魚(yú)的口鼻部，才從鯊魚(yú)口中救下男孩。本篇讀后續(xù)寫旨在考查學(xué)生對(duì)于危急或救援的故事情節(jié)的構(gòu)思能力，以及進(jìn)行緊張刺激的心理和動(dòng)作描寫的能力。

【寫作指導(dǎo)】

已知線索：

敘事要素：時(shí)間：8 月底的一天；地點(diǎn)：海上；人物：Amy,the boy (Tom),others

故事情節(jié)：救生員Amy 在悠閑地享受暖風(fēng)——發(fā)現(xiàn)唯一的沖浪男孩不見(jiàn)了——Amy 趕緊下水救人——Amy發(fā)現(xiàn)男孩被鯊魚(yú)咬住腿——Amy 勇敢果斷地踢向鯊魚(yú)的口鼻部——從鯊魚(yú)口中救下男孩——怕鯊魚(yú)追上來(lái)襲擊，Amy 拖著男孩瘋狂地朝岸上游……

可續(xù)寫線索：

Para.1：由于擔(dān)心鯊魚(yú)會(huì)繼續(xù)攻擊，Amy 拖著男孩瘋狂地向海岸游去。在如此危急的情形下，Amy 心里恐慌嗎？她的內(nèi)心活動(dòng)是什么？鯊魚(yú)有沒(méi)有追上來(lái)？最終Amy 成功救下男孩了嗎？對(duì)這些問(wèn)題的回答基本上就構(gòu)成了續(xù)寫第一段的主要內(nèi)容。根據(jù)續(xù)寫第二段首句“六周后，Amy因?yàn)轷徔谟戮萒om 而受到人們的褒獎(jiǎng)”可知，Amy 最終成功地救下了Tom。因此，續(xù)寫第一段的主要內(nèi)容應(yīng)為Amy 如何克服心里的恐懼，奮力全速游向海岸。結(jié)合原文開(kāi)頭提及Amy 的夢(mèng)想是在游泳比賽中獲得冠軍。那么這次救人其實(shí)也算是一種比賽，只是對(duì)手是時(shí)間，可謂生死時(shí)速。如果學(xué)生能在續(xù)寫部分體現(xiàn)出與原文的照應(yīng)，筆者相信會(huì)為習(xí)作增添色彩。

Para.2：第二段首句寫道人們?yōu)榱税?jiǎng)Amy，給她舉行了一個(gè)嘉獎(jiǎng)儀式，由此可知這段的重點(diǎn)是描述哪些人參加了嘉獎(jiǎng)儀式，他們?nèi)绾渭为?jiǎng)和贊揚(yáng)Amy 的勇敢? Amy對(duì)此的反應(yīng)如何？被救的Tom 會(huì)參加這個(gè)儀式嗎？他是怎樣向Amy 表達(dá)感激之情的？因此，第二段主要的內(nèi)容應(yīng)是基于嘉獎(jiǎng)儀式的場(chǎng)景描寫，描寫到場(chǎng)人物的表情、動(dòng)作、心理和語(yǔ)言。最后可以適當(dāng)升華主題，為續(xù)寫畫上圓滿的句號(hào)。

One possible version

Fearing that the shark may follow and attack,Amy swam frantically toward the coast.Desperation drove her to swim harder than she had in the heat of competition.This race wasn’t against other swimmers but against the odds that she and her nearly drowned surfer would survive.The finish line wasn’t a painted bar at the bottom of the pool but the safety of shore.Amy gasped for breath and reached deep within herself for the strength to push the dead weight of her victim through the surging tide.She was so focused that she even didn’t notice several surfers racing to help.Once on the beach,the boy was rushed to hospital.

Six weeks later,outside the small hall of her seaside village,Amy was honored in a ceremony for saving Tom.She listened appreciatively as local dignitaries,police,rescue workers,and doctors praised her rescue effort.Amy’s courage,quick thinking,and swift action had saved Tom’s life and his foot.Amy’s favorite part of the ceremony,however,was when she looked across the parking lot and spotted Tom,who was recovering well and,miraculously,was on his way to regaining full use of his right foot.Their eyes met—surfer and lifeguard,victim and rescuer.Tom’s expression spoke a gratitude that only a person who had been given a second chance at life could communicate and that only a hero could understand.Amy could ask no better reward.

【范文賞析】

范文與所給原文在內(nèi)容、邏輯和語(yǔ)言上非常具有協(xié)同性，且與所給的段落提示句銜接緊密且自然。在內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言上，范文第一段對(duì)Amy 危急情景下的動(dòng)作和心理描寫非常細(xì)致和到位，畫面感十足，尤其是呼應(yīng)了原文第一段Amy想象著自己在游泳比賽奪冠的情況?！癉esperation drove her to swim harder than she had in the heat of competition.”一句用了無(wú)靈主語(yǔ)句生動(dòng)形象地寫出了Amy 內(nèi)心的緊張和急迫。接下來(lái)的幾句，也都是從比賽的視角，寫出“鯊口救人”的生死時(shí)速比賽的那種緊張和危急場(chǎng)景?！癆my gasped for breath and reached deep within herself for the strength to push the dead weight of her victim through the surging tide.”這句中的gasped for,reached deep within herself for strength,dead weight,surging tide 這些短語(yǔ)寫出了Amy拖著Tom游向岸邊的艱難，以及她竭盡所能的堅(jiān)韌。

在語(yǔ)言上，范文與所給原文的語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格一脈相承，并且恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂昧诵揶o手法和從句，讓動(dòng)作和心理描寫形象生動(dòng)，具有畫面感。如“Tom’s expression spoke a gratitude that only a person who had been given a second chance at life could communicate and that only a hero could understand.”一句在動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用上特別地道、傳神。范文的最后對(duì)主題進(jìn)行了升華“Amy could ask no better reward.”一句以比較級(jí)的形式表達(dá)最高級(jí)，傳達(dá)出其實(shí)對(duì)于救人者而言，最好的回報(bào)和嘉獎(jiǎng)不是物質(zhì)，而是被救者的健康恢復(fù)和對(duì)此的感激之情。因此，當(dāng)Amy 看到Tom 的健康恢復(fù)和感激的表情時(shí)，Amy 心滿意足，滿心歡喜。