王延平 王濤
摘要:在學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)觀指引下開(kāi)展高中英語(yǔ)閱讀教學(xué)是英語(yǔ)課程改革的發(fā)展趨勢(shì),本文以人教版M1 Unit 2 The road to modern English Reading 1部分為例,探索如何在高中英語(yǔ)閱讀課中進(jìn)行有效的學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)的實(shí)踐。
關(guān)鍵詞:英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)觀;英語(yǔ)閱讀教學(xué)
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):G633.41 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A文章編號(hào):1992-7711(2021)01-119
一、英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)觀
《普通高中英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(2017年版)》的課程內(nèi)容包括“主題、語(yǔ)篇、語(yǔ)言技能、語(yǔ)言知識(shí)、文化知識(shí)、學(xué)習(xí)策略”六要素,而英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)觀是六要素整合之后的具體體現(xiàn),它包括學(xué)習(xí)理解、應(yīng)用實(shí)踐、遷移創(chuàng)新等一系列體現(xiàn)綜合性、關(guān)聯(lián)性和實(shí)踐性等特點(diǎn)的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)。
本文以人教版模塊1 Unit 2 The road to modern English Reading 1部分為例,探索了在高中英語(yǔ)閱讀教學(xué)過(guò)程中貫徹英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)觀的具體步驟。
二、教學(xué)案例
1.教學(xué)目標(biāo)
通過(guò)本課的學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能夠:
(1)預(yù)測(cè)主旨大意,獲取文本的體裁、結(jié)構(gòu)等事實(shí)信息;
(2)掌握與歷史相關(guān)文本的閱讀策略;
(3)分析美式英語(yǔ)更加流行的深層次原因;
(4)通過(guò)小組合作,展開(kāi)辯論,增強(qiáng)文化自信。
2.教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)
(1)對(duì)文本的深層理解;
(2)獲取文本信息的閱讀策略。
3.教學(xué)資源
教材,多媒體課件
4.教學(xué)過(guò)程
Step 1 Lead-in & prediction:
Take British English and American English for example based on a dialogue between Donald John Trump and Boris Johnson to introduce the topic of the passage: The road to modern English. In the title, what does the word— “road” mean?(The development of modern English.)
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:利用對(duì)話,創(chuàng)設(shè)情境,激活學(xué)生已有的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn),引出主題,開(kāi)展學(xué)習(xí)理解類(lèi)活動(dòng)。
Step 2 Skimming
Help students find out the topic sentence of each paragraph. Based on them, it turns out that the prediction is correct. Then finish the following exercises:
1. The writing style of the article is a(n) .
A. narration(記敘文) B. exposition(說(shuō)明文)
C. argumentation (議論文)
2. The text is developed mainly by .
A. place B. time C. people
(Suggested answer:1. B 2. B)
Reading strategy
How to read a history article?
When you read a history article, you will notice dates and years in the text, e.g.“the 16th century” and “AD 450”. Recognizing these details will help you understand the order of events and how pieces of information relate to the rest of the text, so it is a good idea to make a time chart, listing important information, such as times, places and events in the article.
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:在獲取與梳理文本信息的基礎(chǔ)上,預(yù)測(cè)、概括、核對(duì)文章大意,了解文本體裁、寫(xiě)作手法及閱讀策略,開(kāi)展學(xué)習(xí)理解類(lèi)活動(dòng)。
Step 3 Scanning:
設(shè)計(jì)意圖: 通過(guò)掃讀,運(yùn)用閱讀策略,了解文本結(jié)構(gòu),開(kāi)展學(xué)習(xí)理解類(lèi)活動(dòng)。
Step 4 Discussion (pair work)
All types of English originated from (起源于) the English spoken in England. However, American English has now replaced British English and become more popular, why?
[Suggested answer: This is mostly because of the influence (影響) of the United States through the cinema, music, technology and trade, which shows its international position and comprehensive (全面的) national strength.]
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:引導(dǎo)學(xué)生圍繞主題開(kāi)展描述、闡釋、分析,提升至高級(jí)思維,逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)和文化知識(shí)的內(nèi)化,進(jìn)行應(yīng)用實(shí)踐類(lèi)活動(dòng)的探索。
Step 5 A debate(辯論) (group work)
Will Chinese become an international language like English?
List the reasons (at least 2).
1. Our class will be divided into two groups:
Group 1 argues that Chinese will become an international language like English; Group 2 represents (代表) the opposite (相反的) opinion.
2. Discuss in groups of four—one reporter, one writer and the other two offering ideas.
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:辯論作為遷移創(chuàng)新類(lèi)活動(dòng)開(kāi)展的有效手段,教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生通過(guò)自主、合作、探究的學(xué)習(xí)方式,綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言技能,進(jìn)行多元思維,理性表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)、情感和態(tài)度,體現(xiàn)正確的價(jià)值觀,實(shí)現(xiàn)深度學(xué)習(xí),促進(jìn)能力向素養(yǎng)的轉(zhuǎn)化。
Step 6 Summary
There is no doubt that Chinese will become an international language like English.
First, Chinese culture is full of magic and legends(傳說(shuō)). Second, Chinese is spoken by the largest population in the world. Third, China has surprising economic strength and potential (潛力). Last but not least, more enterprises(企業(yè)) are eager to enter Chinese market and free themselves from the influence of COVID-19 (新冠肺炎).
Thus, on a personal note, there is no debating that Chinese will gain more popularity all over the world. As a Chinese, we should be proud of our mother tongue; as a Chinese we should be confident about our culture; as a Chinese, we should firmly believe that China will have a brighter future!
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:教師因勢(shì)利導(dǎo),激發(fā)學(xué)生的愛(ài)國(guó)熱情、民族自豪感,增強(qiáng)文化自信,這也是貫徹立德樹(shù)人課程總目標(biāo)的具體體現(xiàn)。
Step 7 Homework:
1. Finish the mind map of the extended reading;
2. Write a letter to your British pen-pal, Tom, telling him the development of Chinese characters. (Write 100 words based on the mind-map.)
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:課后作業(yè)是課堂教學(xué)的延伸。學(xué)生在進(jìn)一步了解英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文化的同時(shí),有必要加深對(duì)母語(yǔ)的理解,從而繼承、發(fā)揚(yáng)和傳播中華民族的傳統(tǒng)文化。
三、落實(shí)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)觀的建議
1.基于學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)觀的理念跟進(jìn)。
教師應(yīng)從“單一的學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)觀”轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤傲卣系膶W(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)觀”,從理論和實(shí)踐角度開(kāi)展學(xué)習(xí)與實(shí)踐。
2.基于學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)觀的課堂教學(xué)。
英語(yǔ)教師應(yīng)在自己的課堂中積極實(shí)踐學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)觀。在現(xiàn)有教材的基礎(chǔ)上,以六要素中的某個(gè)要素為主線,通過(guò)改變教學(xué)活動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì),充分將課程內(nèi)容的六要素進(jìn)行融合,將學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)觀的理念落到實(shí)處。
閱讀教學(xué)中,教師可以以六要素的“主題語(yǔ)境”為主線,通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)綜合性的教學(xué)活動(dòng),引導(dǎo)學(xué)生改變對(duì)閱讀文本的態(tài)度,對(duì)文本進(jìn)行深度挖掘與延伸,將閱讀作為完成其他任務(wù)的基礎(chǔ),意識(shí)到閱讀材料與生活的關(guān)系。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]邱鈴珊.例談高中英語(yǔ)課堂中實(shí)踐英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)觀[J].新課程下旬,2018(09).
[2]葛春生.英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)觀與高中生思維發(fā)展的實(shí)踐與探究[C].2019高中骨干教師英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)題選學(xué),2019(09).
(作者單位:江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江中學(xué),江蘇 鎮(zhèn)江212000)