Abstracts and Keywords of Major Articles

Classics，Classical Learning，and the Study of Classics（by YANG Guo-rong）

Abstract：As the carrier of thoughts，classics are related to the universal principles of life and the universe.As far as the evolution of Chinese culture is concerned，classics are first associated with classical learning （jingxue）：classical learning plays a very important role in shaping Chinese culture from universal values to daily behaviors，and so on.From the perspective of the development of modern academic thought，we can notice that classical learning can be divided into two kinds.The first is related to literature research and can be regarded as the study of literature in a broad sense.With the rise of textology in the Qing Dynasty，the dimension of literature research in classical learning has been further developed， and classical learning itself has gradually formed an empirical tendency.The second is related to value， which is manifested in some ideological ideas.As far as research methodology is concerned， the second kind of classical learning is dominated by theoretical identity rather than critical reflection.In various aspects，including the relationship between individual and society， that between past and future， and the understanding of political order，classical learning has its historical limitations.In addition to classical learning，classics are also related to the study of classics in a broad sense， which is not limited to the classics of classical learning.In terms of methodology，it takes the unity of emotional identity and rational analysis as its approach，emphasizes dialogue and comparison， and makes modern intellectual construction based on the interpretation of classics.From a realistic perspective，the study of classics should not be limited to classical learning.

Keywords：classics，classical learning，study of classics

FENG Qi’s Philosophical Road and the Philosophy of MAO Ze-dong（by CHEN Wei-ping）

Abstract：The spiritual realm of FENG Qi’s philosophical road is the unity of free thinking and Marxist belief，which is prominently reflected in his ability to enter and go beyond MAO Ze-dong’s philosophical works：The former is revealed in his true belief in MAO Ze-dong’s works as he is sincerely convinced，while the latter is reflected in the theme of answering the relationship between knowledge and wisdom in the “Three Essays on Wisdom”.The historical dimension of FENG Qi’s philosophical road is a summary of MAO Ze-dong’s philosophical revolution in modern China，which is manifested in three aspects，i.e.，the answer to the theme of the times，the examination of the achievements and shortcomings of modern philosophy，and the analysis of modern philosophical revolution as the beginning of world philosophy.The theoretical cornerstone of FENG Qi’s philosophical road is the dynamic revolutionary theory of reflection，which is manifested in three aspects，i.e.，the unity of dialectical materialism and historical materialism，the theoretical character of the sinicization of Marxist philosophy，and “turning over” from JIN Yue-lin.

Keywords：FENG Qi，MAO Ze-dong，modern philosophical revolution，sinicization of Marxist philosophy

A Third Platonic Problem for Sosa？Or How WANG Yang-ming Can Know Better than Full Well？（by HUANG Yong）

Abstract：Ernest Sosa discusses the two Platonic problems involving the nature of knowledge and value of knowledge.However， not only does knowledge involve a third Platonic question that Sosa fails to pay attention to，but the two Platonic problems that Sosa does pay attention to cannot be adequately solved without the third Platonic problem being taken care of.The third Platonic problem involves the impact of knowledge：Whether a person knowing full well is motivated to act accordingly.The fully apt moral belief produced by the epistemic competence in Sosa is not morally motivating.To solve the third Platonic problem， we can solicit help from WANG Yang-ming’s doctrine ofliangzhi， examining the three unique features.In Yangming， moral knowledge is a kind of knowing-to that inclines one to act.Thus，one who knows in Sosa’s sense cannot be said to know full well since he or she is not motivated to act according to his or her knowledge.

Keywords：Ernest Sosa，Plato，WANG Yang-ming，liangzhi，knowing-to，knowing full well

“Ethos”：A Perspective of the History of Ideas（by GAO Rui-quan）

Abstract：As an interdisciplinary academic study， the history of ideas can explore many aspects of the development of social ideas by taking “ethos” as an approach.“Ethos” in a broad sense is not only reflected in social customs，but also related to academic activities.As the main part of the life world，“customs” are not only the origin of many ideas，but also the intermediary of ideas，institutions，and social psychology.Since modern times，academic forms closely related to “ethos” are often influenced by frequently changing intellectual trends，which is an important representation of conceptual metabolism.In addition，far-reaching intellectual trends usually have their core ideas.To study the history of ideas through intellectual trends，it is necessary to examine the connection and differences between ideas themselves and theories systematized by various “isms”，because the “isms” of thoughts and various “disputes among isms” not only enlarge the power of ideas，but also may cause knowledge deformation of ideas.It is inevitable to pay attention to specific “figures” in the study of intellectual trends，since they have branded the trends with their own philosophical theories or unique styles.The figures appearing one after another in history may not constitute a linear history of ideas.The goal of comprehensive research on the figures involved in the debate is to depict the genealogy of the history of ideas.

Keywords：history of ideas，ideas，ethos，customs，intellectual trend，figure

Philosophy of History and Philosophy in History： A Critique of Quentin Skinner ’s

Contribution to Historical Theory（by Q.Edward WANG）

Abstract：The renowned British historian Quentin Skinner is significant in the contemporary world of thought.His scholarship is best known for his two-volume book，The Foundations of Modern Political Thought，in which he studies prominent European thinkers of the Renaissance and Reformation periods and examines how their writings shaped modern politics and society.Since his early days，Skinner has actively explored innovations in historical theory and method while studying the history of political thought.Several of his essays published in the 1960s and 1970s reflect this path of thinking and its evolution.Skinner holds a critical stance against the positivist tradition of modern historiography.Drawing on the work of linguistic philosophers such as J.L.Austin， he explores how the“illocutionary act” implied by language and ideas needs to be understood by reading contemporary writings and understanding the linguistic conventions of the time.Skinner’s research helps promote a “l(fā)inguistic turn” in academies of the time，but he is not a poststructuralist nor a postmodernist.While making a distinctive contribution to historical theory and methodology as “philosophy in history”，Skinner’s scholarship remains within the “Eurocentric” tradition and has not interacted actively with the general trend in post-WWII historiography.

Keywords：Quentin Skinner，historical theory，linguistic turn，J.L.Austin，Richard Rorty，Hayden White，historical context，illocutionary force

Post-war Reparation Reflecting the Cooperation and Confrontations in US and Soviet Postwar Policies toward the Occupation of Germany：The Economic Factors Contributing to the Cause of the Cold War between the US and the Soviet Union （the 4th Discussion）（by SHEN Zhi-hua）

Abstract：An important issue in US and Soviet postwar policies toward Germany was about German reparation.Over this issue， the US-Soviet relations went through a historical process from consultation and cooperation to disagreements and confrontation.At the Yalta and Potsdam Conferences， the two governments reached an agreement on German reparation based on the principles of seeking their common ground while shelving their differences.When the World War II ended，the Soviets began to act unilaterally in eastern Germany，and the US-Soviet disputes over other issues also became intensified.Nevertheless， the two governments continued to pursue big-power cooperation and were able to adopt a common plan for German reparation in March 1946.Eventually， the plan was not implemented because the two sides could not overcome disagreements on basic orientations and policy goals in enforcing German reparation.In April 1947，at the conference of foreign ministers in Moscow，the US and the Soviet governments parted their ways over the reparation issue.In the end of the year，the conference of foreign ministers in London decisively ended an allied common approach to the reparation issue.The Soviet occupation policy in Germanyfocused on obtaining war reparations.The origin of Germany’s division was the US-Soviet split over the reparation issue.The US-Soviet disagreement over an occupation policy in Germany also began with the reparation issue.

Keywords：war reparation，occupation of Germany，US- Soviet relations，cause of the Cold War

Seven Taboos in Textual Research on Ancient Novels（by CHEN Da-kang）

Abstract：Novels were despised by orthodox ideology in ancient times.For many works， the author and the writing process of many works are unknown， and the path of version evolution is not clear.Therefore， textual research has become an important content of ancient novel research.After years of accumulation， textual research papers have become a larger collection.A small number of those that have been rigorously argued to make judgments have been regarded as conclusive，which has promoted the research progress.However，more have been questioned or ignored by peers.Several or even dozens of different conclusions have been verified on the same question，which also makes researchers at a loss， which affects the corresponding follow-up research.Examining more than a hundred textual research works covering the past 40 years from a methodological perspective， this paper summarizes seven situations that have fatal harm to the validity of the conclusion of textual research：1.The premise is not reliable；2.The basis of the data is unable to support the conclusion；3.Reasoning is illogical；4.The possibility of superposition is equated with affirmation； 5.The key point of the proof is missing； 6.Association and speculation is taken as argument；7.Searching for concealed issues，together with others，is taken as textual research.

Keywords：novel，textual research，logic rules

Interpretation of QIAN Zhong-shu ’s Theory of Poet Cultivation from “ Talent，Knowledge and Insight”：QIAN’s Learning from and Development of Canglang Shihua（by XIA Zhong-yi）

Abstract：Today’s research on QIAN Zhong-shu must respond to three sensitive points.First，does QIAN，as the crystallization of classical culture and the most extensive reader in the 20th century， have a relatively focused discipline foundation in his lifelong works？Second，are QIAN’s works （especially Guan Zui Bian），which seems to be not systematic despite of their being knowledgeable and filled with gifted insights， essentially like “scattering money and losing strings”？ Third，is QIAN content to be an exquisite scholar who appreciates poetic taste，rather than an outstanding aesthetician who explores the charm of literature and goes deep into the history of literature and art and the history of criticism？The answers are as follows.First，dubbed as the “Kunlun of culture”，i.e.，a giant in the cultural field，QIAN’s carried out his studies through ancient and modern times at home and abroad.However，there was a discipline foundation in his intellectual career in which he has invested most talent，energy，and time.This is“the modern transformation of classical poetics” ， or “the new interpretation of classical poetics”.In QIAN’s view，Canglang Shihuacompiled by YAN Yu in the Southern Song Dynasty is the ideal literature of critical history with the richest intellectual connotations.Second，after ten years’ or decades’ intensive reading，one can find out that QIAN’s“new interpretation of classical poetics” has its own self-consistent logic： By examining “writing” ， “wording” ，“talent， knowledge， insight” ， “romantic charm” ， “l(fā)iterary style” and “origin analysis” step by step， he has restructured the “doctrine of the original position of poetry”，“poetic molecules”，the “doctrine of the cultivation of poets”，the “idea that the value of poems lies in clearness and remoteness”，the stance of “dividing poetry mainly into Tang and Song poems” and the “ethics of poetry”，sparkling with brilliant modern poetic rays.Third，it is easy to draw the conclusion that QIAN is worthy of the title of a great scholar in the history of Chinese literature and art and the history of criticism.

Keywords：Canglang Shihua，“talent，knowledge and insight”，QIAN Zhong-shu，poet cultivation

Jiangnan with the Virtues of Water：The Seven Dialectics of Jiangnan Spirit（by HU Xiao-ming）

Abstract：“Jiangnan （The south of the Yangtze River） with the virtues of water” is concrete abstraction，a theoretical discourse with the nature of openness and personal experience.It is also the crystallization of ideas in terms of ecology，production，life，and philosophy，produced in the long-term interactivity between humans and land with regional characteristics.It is a miniature Chinese regional morphology and aesthetics with theoretical features such asnon-dualism，non-systematism，literary-historical interaction and the integration of the Dao and art.How to integrate literature， language，history，people， philosophy，art，religion， geography， and hydrology into one furnace to grasp Jiangnan without appealing to a system of abstract categories？ How to connect ancient and modern times，activate the Jiangnan learning and articles into the truth，poetry and temperament that can be recognized in everyone’s life and exist in people’s daily life without realizing them？ These questions cannot be ignored in any attempts to construct the theory of Jiangnan cultural poetics.

Keywords：virtues of water，rigid and soft，life and death，clear and turbid，tolerant and intolerant

“Annotations” of Notes：Annotations and Related Issues of Annotated Versions of Shiji in the Past Dynasties（by ZANG Ke-he）

Abstract：Annotations have always been a key issue in processing a Chinese historical corpus.There are various and complicated types of annotations shown in Chinese texts in the past dynasties，which has to do with the classical Chinese academic tradition and its forms.The annotation types of different times are an organic part of the rich materials of Chinese language history， as well as a basic subject to be examined and analyzed in the typology of a Chinese language historical corpus.The formalized marks of the basic content of different types of notes are called“annotations”.The contents of the annotations and the terms used for “annotation” in the past dynasties shared a roughly agreed form of “regulating the past by the present”.The form of these annotations constitutes an important category with a unified standard when processing annotations in a corpus of Chinese character history today.Shiji（The Historical Records） is a model sample of a Chinese language historical corpus，and the notes in its various versions in the past dynasties show the interpretation and understanding of important scholars in different periods.By examining and comparing the age of the usage of some certain characters and terms and the intermediary relations among them as well as the phonetic differentiation in Chinese language history，we can restore their internal relations，reveal the latent clues，and identify the annotations that truly match the attributes of the corresponding era.This kind of annotation processing is of chronological significance and has the reference value for judging the approximate age of an inherited text.

Keywords：Shiji，Slips of the Qin and Han Dynasties，age，annotation

From “Structure-oriented” to “Relationship-oriented”：Reconstructing the Globalization Theory Facing an Era of Uncertainty（by WEN Jun）

Abstract：In today’s world，the spread of the uncertain trend of global development not only gives birth to brandnew social facts， but also impacts the intellectual foundation and theoretical soil on which globalization research is rooted.Facing the realistic tension brought by a series of global shocks and continuous uncertain development， we must critically reflect on and reconstruct globalization theory at the theoretical level.At the epistemological level，the existing globalization theory is still limited to empirical deduction and circular demonstration of “meta-problems” ，representing the dualistic mindset of “structure-action” ； while at the ontological level， it still stays in the formal debate and repeated game of meta-logic，representing the dualistic opposition of “time-space”，which eventually leads to the methodological falling into the shackles of “structure-oriented” speculative logic and research.In order to effectively cope with the new trend of global uncertainty， we can try a new path of paradigm transformation and theoretical research from “structure-oriented” to “relationship-oriented” in the theoretical research of globalization.

Keywords：globalization theory，uncertainty，structure-oriented，relationship-oriented

From the Fifth to the Seventh National Population Census in China：The Spatio-temporal Coupling of Population Distribution and Economic Growth as well as the Regional Balanced Development（by Wu Rui-jun）

Abstract：The provincial-level comparison of the Seventh Census and the two previous Censuses shows that the overall patterns of the dynamics of population distribution in China in the two decades before and after 2010 are as follows.1.Based on the Four-Regions division， the population proportion of the East Coast tends to increase， the Central and Northeast China tends to decrease，and the Western China shifts from decline to a slight increase.2.Basedon the two-parts division by the HU Huan-yong line， the population proportion in the northwest part experiences a slight growth to a decline.3.Based on the South-North division，the share of the northern population has changed from a slight rise to a decline.Combined with the regional GDP data in corresponding census years，it shows that the interprovincial variance in GDP per Capita tends to shrink in general.1.For the Four Regions，the difference of the top two among the East Coast tends to decline，as well as the bottom two in the Central and the West，and the variance within the Northeast are significantly smaller than the national average.2.The gap of GDP per capita between the two sides of the HU Huan-yong line has changed from narrowing to widening.3.The gap of GDP per capita between the south and the north is widened significantly from 2010 to 2020.The main conclusions are as follows.1.New changes are found in the spatial pattern of population in China，among which high propriety should be given to the emerging of northerners’“Moving South” phenomenon and its impacts.2.New progress and new challenges coexist in the regional balance between the population spatial pattern and the economic growth in China.3.Both positive and negative couplings exist in the dynamics of China’s population distribution and regional economic growth.Therefore，we shall conform to the objective trend of current migration to improve the regional balanced development of population on the one hand and economy and society on the other.

Keywords：population census，population distribution，spatio-temporal coupling，regional balance

Sacred Order and Hierarchical Solidarity：Based on the Chinese Model of Sacred-Personality- Hierarchy（by LI Xiang-ping）

Abstract：Classical sociological theories often use two concepts of mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity to discuss the relation between individual and society and social structure.It is difficult to apply this dual model to explain the sacred relations in the belief of the Chinese sacred structure about “Tian” and ancestors.It is not limited to mechanical solidarity，but exceeds the similarity of family blood to transfer filial piety into loyal and then be integrated into the mode of political power.As a result， it will directly form hierarchical solidarity based on organic solidarity.On the surface， it resembles religion， but in essence it is the hierarchical setting of the sacred pattern.As a sacred symbol of the mentality of family- country， the personality hierarchy is the best result of the integrity of Chinese civilization believing the inherent goodness of human nature， the intercommunication of the three sacred roots of Heaven-earth-humans， ancestors， and ruler-masters， and the unity of the sacred and the secular.The special relationship of the sacred personality makes special contribution to the universalism of the great harmony under Heaven.Therefore，“hierarchical solidarity” can be used as a concept tool to explain destiny，ancestors， ruler-masters and other divine archetypes and their transformations which have started since three thousand years ago.In the end， it results in a sacred hierarchy arranging from low to high but acting from high to low，personality ethics and mentality of family- country.

Keywords：the sacred of Chinese，hierarchical solidarity，moral personality，Mentality of family- country

Prospects for the Evolution of Jamaica’s Currency System（by HUANG Ze-min）

Abstract：In the context of the raging COVID-19 pandemics， the long-standing discussion of de-dollarization and the disintegration of the U.S.dollar has become one of the most marketable views.However， to find out where Jamaica’s currency system is heading，we need explore its causes，the theory and history of the international currency system，and the world trend of political and economic development.The scarcity of gold and other factors determine that the gold standard system is difficult to restore.The super-sovereign currency represented by the special drawing rights lacks credit and economic foundation and thus cannot become the world standard currency.If the development of world economic integration remains dominant，the three-currency standard system of the U.S.dollar，RMB and Euro may replace the current U.S.dollar standard after long-term evolution.If anti-globalization becomes the mainstream，the international community may be divided into several currency areas as the world economic structure changes profoundly.Of course，such a possibility is relatively small.

Keywords：dollar standard system，Jamaica monetary system，special drawing rights，gold standard system，three currencies standard system

Global Value Chain Specialization，New Development Paradigm and New Transformation of Foreign Economic Development Mode（by Tang Hai-yan）

Abstract：The development of global value chain specialization system has formed its auto-stability and vulnerability as well.Due to such auto-stability and vulnerability，different modes of global value chain specialization and participation have different economic impacts and corresponding risks.Choosing a global value chain specialization and participation mode that suits the country’s conditions is a test of wisdom in decision-making.Under the new historical conditions of the developing and changing global value chain specialization system， there are inevitable theoretical logic， historical logic， and practical logic for China to establish a new development paradigm.The new transformation of foreign economic development mode is not only an essential requirement and important path to establish the new development paradigm，but also a strategic choice in accordance to new changes in the global value chain specialization system.Therefore， the study of how to accomplish the new transformation of China’s foreign economic development mode requires a strategic-level investigation into historical position， development concept，development and security，supply side reform，and the establishment of an independent and controllable global value chain.

Keywords：global value chain specialization，new development paradigm，foreign economic development mode

The Evaluation of the Coordinated Development Ability of the Yangtze River Delta and the Path of Regional Integration（by ZENG Gang）

Abstract：In order to deal with the new situation and achieve the goal of great rejuvenation of China， the regional integration development of the Yangtze River Delta has become a national strategy.What is the level of urban integration in the Yangtze River Delta，what obstacles it faces，and what measures shall be taken to promote integrated development – all of these are questions that need to be answered.Based on the systematic review of relevant theories，this paper constructs an evaluation index system of urban coordinated development capacity in the Yangtze River Delta，which includes 18 indexes in the four fields of economy，science and technology，facilities and ecology.Through the calculation of the collaborative development capacity of 41 cities in 2020， it shows that the “core- edge” spatial structure based on the “Z” shaped development axis in the Yangtze River Delta is significant， the degree of spatial integration is high， and the contribution and relationship of various fields to the urban collaborative development capacity are not exactly same.According to the current situation of the pattern of coordinated development of cities in the Yangtze River Delta，this paper puts forward some policy suggestions，such as reforming the public management system and mechanism in the Yangtze River Delta， innovating the cross-border linkage mechanism of environmental protection， paying attention to the linkage between new infrastructure， urban agglomeration and industrial system，establishing the Yangtze River Delta industrial innovation foundation， focusing on the construction of world-class industrial clusters of integrated circuits and biomedicine.

Keywords：Yangtze River Delta，coordination，regional integration，city clusters