從中歐班列（渝新歐）到中歐班列（成渝）號 打造區(qū)域協(xié)作高水平樣板

賀煜

2月5日，在線上舉行的第五次中國—中東歐國家地方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會議全體會議上，多次提及中歐班列這條我國與“一帶一路”沿線國家聯(lián)系最為緊密的路徑，帶來了與“一帶一路”沿線國家和地區(qū)經(jīng)貿(mào)往來的提質(zhì)增效。

2011年3月19日，在團結(jié)村鐵路中心，一列滿載著筆記本電腦產(chǎn)品的火車緩緩駛出，駛向1萬余公里外的德國杜伊斯堡，奏響了中歐班列的序曲，也喚醒了沉睡千年的古絲綢之路。

2021年1月1日，重慶與成都開出兩趟中歐班列，重慶的班列駛向德國杜伊斯堡，成都的班列行至波蘭羅茲，迎來中歐班列（成渝）號“首秀”。當月，中歐班列（成渝）號開行折算列535列，其中重慶開行班列數(shù)量同比增長127%。春節(jié)期間，重慶保持了中歐班列（成渝）號的穩(wěn)定開行。

中歐班列的開行，打破了重慶地處西部內(nèi)陸，不沿邊、不靠海的開放發(fā)展阻礙，古絲路響起新駝鈴，重慶逐步從昔日的開放末梢躋身開放前沿。多年來，重慶大力建設(shè)“渝新歐”國際鐵路大通道，截至2020年底，中歐班列（渝新歐）累計開行去回程班列超7000班，將重慶與歐洲各國的友好交往和貿(mào)易往來不斷引向深入。

通達中東歐腹地，輻射北歐、西歐和南歐十余國

中歐班列（渝新歐）由重慶始發(fā)，經(jīng)阿拉山口、霍爾果斯、二連浩特、滿洲里等口岸出境，通過哈薩克斯坦、俄羅斯、白俄羅斯和波蘭，最終抵達或輻射立陶宛、斯洛伐克、捷克、匈牙利等中東歐國家，其中大部分班列經(jīng)過波蘭。

波蘭是中歐班列（渝新歐）的主要途經(jīng)國之一，其境內(nèi)的馬拉舍維奇過境換裝場站自2011年起，即成為中歐班列（渝新歐）進出歐洲的關(guān)鍵節(jié)點之一，所運載貨物最終到達國不僅覆蓋其周邊中東歐國家，更遠達北歐、西歐與南歐十多個國家。目前，去程班列途經(jīng)馬拉舍維奇站開行的所有中歐班列約為40列/周。

“2018年開行輻射中東歐（匈牙利、捷克、羅馬利亞、克羅地亞等國家）到杜伊斯堡（德國）的線路。截至目前，月開行100班左右，為‘一帶一路沿線客戶提供了深入中東歐地區(qū)更好更經(jīng)濟的服務(wù)方案。”渝新歐（重慶）物流有限公司（簡稱：渝新歐公司）總經(jīng)理漆丹介紹，2020年，中歐班列（渝新歐）新增重慶—維爾紐斯（立陶宛）、帕爾杜比采（捷克）、奧布爾尼采（捷克）、布達佩斯（匈牙利）、斯瓦夫庫夫（波蘭）等直達線路，并增開了匈牙利布達佩斯、捷克環(huán)線，進一步深入南歐、中東歐腹地，增強了中歐班列（渝新歐）的集散輻射能力。

不斷拓展重慶與歐洲國家的貿(mào)易往來

得益于中歐班列（渝新歐）的發(fā)展，重慶與波蘭、立陶宛、捷克、斯洛伐克、匈牙利等眾多歐洲國家的貿(mào)易合作不斷拓展。

長期以來，渝新歐公司與波蘭PKP Cargo貨運公司保持直接的貨物運輸代理業(yè)務(wù)合作;還有至波蘭及過境郵包項目，截至2021年1月底，班列共計運送郵包標準集裝箱201箱;2020年，渝新歐順利開行重慶—斯瓦夫庫夫（波蘭）直達專列，實現(xiàn)寬軌直抵歐洲，有效縮短班列運行時間。

2018年，渝新歐公司與立陶宛鐵路方面協(xié)商，討論郵包集裝箱在立陶宛境內(nèi)卸貨，并由立陶宛郵政負責(zé)郵包接收和郵件分撥的方案。該項目于當年完成方案審核，操作方案獲得相關(guān)方面認可，目前立陶宛運郵項目已常態(tài)化運行。2020年，中歐班列（渝新歐）率先開通中歐班列“中國郵政號”，并常態(tài)化運行重慶—維爾紐斯（立陶宛）直達線路。2020年，班列共計運送郵包超800個標箱，輸運國際郵包和抗疫物資超過2000萬件。

根據(jù)企業(yè)需求，中歐班列（渝新歐）還成功開行重慶—布達佩斯定制化專列并實現(xiàn)常態(tài)化運營，有效減少中間環(huán)節(jié)、確保運輸時效。2020年全年實現(xiàn)重慶—布達佩斯班列常態(tài)化開行超50列。

目前，經(jīng)“渝新歐”國際鐵路聯(lián)運大通道，重慶主要向克羅地亞發(fā)運鞋類產(chǎn)品，向斯洛文尼亞發(fā)運機械產(chǎn)品。運輸國產(chǎn)富士康電子產(chǎn)品到達波蘭馬拉舍維奇站和德國杜伊斯堡DIT站，然后分撥到捷克富士康工廠;捷克回程貨物則主要以原木和木材為主。

“中歐班列（渝新歐）開行以來，量質(zhì)并舉，開行數(shù)量、發(fā)運貨值始終處在全國第一，重載率、運輸時效、去回匹配等指標穩(wěn)居前列。”漆丹表示，中歐班列（渝新歐）從最初主要運輸重慶制造電子產(chǎn)品，到現(xiàn)在涵蓋電子通訊、汽車整車、農(nóng)副食品、生物醫(yī)藥、水果肉類等數(shù)十個大類，產(chǎn)品不斷豐富、門類齊全，能夠滿足消費者各方面所需。

如今，隨著中歐班列（成渝）號開通，成渝地區(qū)迎來了新的發(fā)展機遇。重慶市政府口岸物流辦主任巴川江表示，今年，不僅要跟成都合力打造中歐班列區(qū)域協(xié)作的高水平樣板，更要做好“通道帶物流、物流帶經(jīng)貿(mào)、經(jīng)貿(mào)帶產(chǎn)業(yè)”，保障重慶的供應(yīng)鏈、產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈，給外貿(mào)和產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展注入動力。

On February 5， during the Fifth Local Leaders Plenary Meeting of China-CEEC on the Internet，? China-Europe Railway Express， the line with the closest contact with Belt and Road countries was repeatedly mentioned for boosting the quality and effectiveness of trade ties with countries along the line.

On March 19， 2011， in Tuanjie Village Railway Center， a train full of laptop computer products slowly pulled out to Duisburg， Germany， more than 10，000 kilometers away， sounding the prelude of China-Europe Railway Express and awakening the long-dormant ancient silk road.

On January 1， 2021， two China-Europe Railway Express trains set out from Chongqing and Chengdu. The Chongqing train headed for Duisburg， Germany， and the Chengdu one headed for Lodz， Poland， ushering in the "debut" of China-Europe Railway Express （Chengdu-Chongqing）. In the same month， China-Europe Railway Express （Chengdu-Chongqing） opened 535 converted trains， of which the number of Chongqing trains increased by 127% year on year. During the Spring Festival， Chongqing maintained the stable operation of China-Europe Railway Express （Chengdu-Chongqing）.

The opening of China-Europe Railway Express has removed the barriers of Chongqing's Western inland location without adjacency to any border or sea. As the ancient Silk Road rings a fresh bell， Chongqing has gradually stepped into the forefront of opening-up from previous disadvantages. Over the years， Chongqing has made great efforts to build the "Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe" international railway corridor. By the end of 2020， China-Europe Railway Express （Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe） has operated more than 7000 block train services， which have continuously deepened the friendly exchanges and trade ties between Chongqing and European countries

Reach out to the CEE hinterland and influence over ten countries in Northern Europe， Western Europe and Southern Europe

Originating from Chongqing， the China-Europe Railway Express（Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe） leaves the country through Alataw Pass， Horgos， Erenhot， Manchuria and other ports， passes through Kazakhstan， Russia， Belarus and Poland， and finally reaches or influences CEE countries such as Lithuania， Slovakia， Czech Republic and Hungary with most of trains passing Poland.

Poland is one of the main countries which China-Europe Railway Express（Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe） stops by. Since 2011， the Malaszewicze Transshipment Station in Poland has become one of the key nodes for the China-Europe Railway Express（Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe）? to enter and leave Europe. The final destinations of the transported goods not only cover its surrounding CEE countries， but also reach out to ten countries in Northern Europe， Western Europe and Southern Europe. At present， about 40 outbound China-Europe Railway Express trains run through Malaszewicze station per week.

The Duisburg line （Germany） rippling to CEE countries （Hungary， Czech， Romania， Croatia， etc.）， has gradually shown its catchment effect with stable outbound and inbound trips running on a weekly basis. As of today， 100 trains have run every week， offering better and more economical service options for clients along the Belt and Road to penetrate into CEE regions.

Qi Dan， general manager of YUXINOU （Chongqing） Logistics Co.， LTD （hereinafter referred to as： Yuxinou Company）， introduced that in 2020， China-Europe Railway Express（Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe） added nonstop lines to Chongqing Vilnius （Lithuania）， Pardubice （Czech Republic）， Obrnice （Czech Republic）， Budapest （Hungary） and S?awków （Poland）， and increased loops of Budapest in Hungary and Czech Republic， further going deep in Southern Europe and CEE hinterland and enhancing the distribution and rippling capacity of China-Europe Railway Express（Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe）.

Continuously expand the trade between Chongqing and European countries

Benefited from the development of China-Europe Railway Express（Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe）， Chongqing constantly expanded trade cooperation with multiple European countries such as Lithuania， Czech， Slovakia and Hungary.

For a long time， YUXINOU （Chongqing） Logistics Co.， LTD has been maintaining direct freight forwarding business cooperation with the Polish PKP Cargo; services also include transit postal parcels in Poland. As of the end of January 2021， the trains delivered 201 postal parcel TEUs; in 2020， Yuxinou successfully opened the Chongqing- S?awków （Poland） nonstop train， which gave broad-gauge direct access to Europe and effectively shortened the running time of block trains.

In 2018， Yuxinou Company negotiated with Lithuanian Railway and discussed the scheme of unloading parcel containers within Lithuanian territory， and having Lietuvos Pa?tas responsible for receiving and distributing parcels. The scheme review of the project was completed in that year， and the operation scheme was approved by relevant parties. At present， the Lithuanian postal project has been normalized. In 2020， Yuxinou Company took the lead in launching the "China Post" train of China-Europe Railway Express， and normalized the Chongqing Vilnius （Lithuania） non-stop line. By the end of 2020， the block trains have transported more than 800 TEUs of post parcels and over 20 million pieces of international postal parcels and anti-epidemic supplies.

According to the needs of enterprises， China-Europe Railway Express （Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe） has also successfully opened the customized Chongqing-Budapest special trains and realized normalized operation， effectively reducing the intermediate links and ensuring the transportation time effectiveness. In 2020， Chongqing-Budapest block trains ran 50 services in a normalized manner.

At present， through the "Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe" international railway intermodal corridor， Chongqing mainly shipping footwear products to Croatia and mechanical products to Slovenia. The domestic Foxconn electronic products are also shipped to Malaszewicze Station in Poland and DIT Station in Duisburg， Germany through China-Europe Railway Express （Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe）， and then distributed to Foxconn factory in Czech; the backhaul cargo from Czech is mainly made up of log and timber.

"Since the opening of China-Europe Railway Express （Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe）， both quantity and quality have been equally emphasized and the service number and value of goods shipped have always ranked No.1 in the country， with heavy load rate， transportation efficiency， inbound and outbound matching and other indicators stayed firmly in the forefront." Qi Dan said that the China-Europe Railway Express （Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe）， though initially mainly shipped electronic products made in Chongqing， now covers dozens of categories， such as electronic communication， vehicle， agricultural and sideline food， bio-pharmaceuticals， fruit and meat， etc. with constantly enriching products and complete categories， and can meet the needs of consumers in all aspects.

Now， with the opening of China-Europe Railway Express （Chengdu-Chongqing）， the Chengdu-Chongqing region has ushered in new development opportunities. Ba Chuanjiang， director of Chongqing Port and Logistics Office said that this year， we'll not only work together with Chengdu to build a high-level model of China-Europe Railway Express regional cooperation， but also do a good job in "promoting logistics with channels， enhancing logistics with economy and trade， and driving economy and trade with industry"， so as to guarantee Chongqing's supply chain and industrial chain， and inject dynamism into foreign trade and industrial development.