朱偉珍 馮靜
[摘要] 目的 探討語言康復(fù)訓(xùn)練聯(lián)合經(jīng)顱磁刺激用于腦卒中失語癥患者的效果。 方法 選取2017年1月至2019年1月在我院就診的腦卒中失語癥患者80例,隨機(jī)分為觀察組與對(duì)照組,每組各40例。兩組患者均進(jìn)行語言康復(fù)訓(xùn)練,觀察組患者在此基礎(chǔ)上聯(lián)合經(jīng)顱磁刺激治療,兩組患者均干預(yù)4周。觀察并比較兩組患者干預(yù)前后語言能力(BDAE)各項(xiàng)評(píng)分的變化,并比較其臨床效果。 結(jié)果 干預(yù)4周后,兩組患者BDAE各項(xiàng)評(píng)分均較前明顯上升,且觀察組上升幅度較對(duì)照組更明顯,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);干預(yù)4周后,觀察組患者的總有效率顯著高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=4.020,P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 語言康復(fù)訓(xùn)練聯(lián)合經(jīng)顱磁刺激用于腦卒中失語癥患者,能提高治療效果,改善患者的語言能力。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 腦卒中失語癥;語言康復(fù)訓(xùn)練;經(jīng)顱磁刺激;語言能力
[Abstract] Objective To explore the effect of language training intervention combined with transcranial magnetic stimulation in the patients with stroke aphasia. Methods A total of 80 patients with stroke aphasia who were treated in our hospital from January 2017 to January 2019 were selected and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 40 cases in each group. Both groups of patients were given language rehabilitation training, and patients in the observation group were given transcranial magnetic stimulation on the basis of this treatment. Both groups of patients were given intervention for 4 weeks. The changes of BDAE scores of language ability before and after intervention were observed and compared between the two groups, and their clinical effects were compared. Results After 4 weeks of intervention, the BDAE scores of the two groups of patients were significantly higher than those before the intervention, and the increase in the observation group was more significant than that in the control group, the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05); after 4 weeks of intervention, the total clinical effective rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant(χ2=4.020, P<0.05). Conclusion Language training intervention combined with transcranial magnetic stimulation for patients with stroke aphasia can improve the therapeutic effect and improve the language ability of patients.
[Key words] Stroke aphasia; Language training intervention; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Language ability
腦卒中是一種急性腦血管疾病,好發(fā)于老年人,具有發(fā)病率高、致殘率高的特點(diǎn)[1-2]。失語癥是腦卒中后常見的并發(fā)癥之一,發(fā)病率高達(dá)21%~38%[3]。患者一旦發(fā)生失語,會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響其生活質(zhì)量,部分患者出現(xiàn)焦慮、抑郁等負(fù)性情緒,給患者及家庭造成沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)[4-5]。語言康復(fù)訓(xùn)練是臨床治療失語癥常用的干預(yù)措施,但效果欠佳,無法滿足患者的期望[6]。經(jīng)顱磁刺激是一種無創(chuàng)的治療措施,對(duì)語言功能改善具有一定的作用[7]。本研究觀察語言康復(fù)訓(xùn)練聯(lián)合經(jīng)顱磁刺激對(duì)腦卒中失語癥患者的療效及對(duì)其語言能力的影響,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1一般資料
選取2017年1月至2019年1月在我院就診的腦卒中失語癥患者80例,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為觀察組和對(duì)照組,每組各40例。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[8]:①符合第四次全國(guó)腦血管病學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議制定的腦卒中診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn);②伴有失語癥;③年齡>18歲。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[9]:①合并其他腦血管疾病;②病情較重,預(yù)期壽命<6個(gè)月;③伴有精神疾病或認(rèn)知障礙。入組患者均自愿簽署知情同意書,本研究經(jīng)我院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。兩組患者的性別、年齡、受教育時(shí)間、病程及神經(jīng)功能缺損評(píng)分(National institute of health stroke scale,NIHSS)比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。見表1。
1.2 方法
兩組患者均進(jìn)行語言康復(fù)訓(xùn)練,包括:①發(fā)音訓(xùn)練:采用口型觀察法指導(dǎo)患者進(jìn)行發(fā)音訓(xùn)練,患者在鏡子前進(jìn)行發(fā)音,觀察自己在鏡子中的口型,15 min/次,1次/d;②復(fù)述訓(xùn)練:采用實(shí)物或圖片,讓患者進(jìn)行聽音及跟隨復(fù)述訓(xùn)練,15 min/次,1次/d;③閱讀與語言能力訓(xùn)練:囑患者反復(fù)閱讀常見的詞組與短句,提高患者的閱讀及理解能力,同時(shí)進(jìn)行自由發(fā)揮語言能力訓(xùn)練,30 min/次,1次/d。觀察組患者在此基礎(chǔ)上聯(lián)合經(jīng)顱磁刺激治療,采用愛生NMT-9系列神經(jīng)肌肉治療儀進(jìn)行低頻電刺激治療,頻率設(shè)定為1.0 Hz,刺激量為每個(gè)序列20次脈沖,間隔時(shí)間為2 s,30 min/次,1次/d。兩組患者療程均為4周,評(píng)估兩組患者干預(yù)前后語言能力的變化,并比較其臨床效果。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)及評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
1.3.1 語言能力評(píng)估[10]? 采用波士頓診斷性失語癥檢查(Boston diagnostic aphasia examination,BDAE)進(jìn)行語言能力評(píng)估,包括理解能力、復(fù)述能力、閱讀能力、書寫能力4個(gè)維度,總分100分,分?jǐn)?shù)越高語言能力越好。
1.3.2 療效評(píng)估[11]? 痊愈:患者恢復(fù)語言功能,可正常交流;顯效:患者語言功能恢復(fù)良好,交流不存在明顯障礙;有效:患者語言功能較前有所改善,可進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單交流;無效:未達(dá)上述標(biāo)準(zhǔn)??傆行?(痊愈+顯效+有效)例數(shù)/總例數(shù)×100%。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
應(yīng)用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料用[n(%)]表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1 兩組BDAE各項(xiàng)評(píng)分比較
干預(yù)前,兩組患者的BDAE各項(xiàng)評(píng)分比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);干預(yù)4周后,兩組患者的BDAE各項(xiàng)評(píng)分較干預(yù)前均明顯上升,且觀察組上升幅度較對(duì)照組更明顯,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表2。
2.2 兩組臨床效果比較
干預(yù)4周后,觀察組患者的總有效率顯著高于對(duì)照組(χ2=4.020,P<0.05)。見表3。
3 討論
失語癥是指患者由于各種原因?qū)е略姓Z言能力的喪失,包括對(duì)語言的理解、表達(dá)、復(fù)述、書寫及閱讀等能力受損[12]。腦卒中是引起失語癥的最常見原因,約80%的失語癥是由于腦卒中導(dǎo)致的左側(cè)大腦缺血引起皮質(zhì)或皮質(zhì)下結(jié)構(gòu)受損所引起[13-15]。失語癥患者因無法與人進(jìn)行正常交流,同時(shí)常合并不同程度的認(rèn)知障礙,其理解能力與閱讀能力較差,嚴(yán)重影響患者的生活質(zhì)量,部分患者甚至?xí)霈F(xiàn)抑郁、焦慮等精神疾患,引起患者輕生[16-18]。近年來,由于腦卒中患者逐年增多,失語癥的發(fā)病率也逐年升高,給患者家庭及社會(huì)帶來沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)[19-21]。語言康復(fù)訓(xùn)練是治療失語癥的常用方法之一,主要通過發(fā)音、閱讀、復(fù)述等各項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練措施刺激中樞神經(jīng),減輕神經(jīng)通路的抑制狀態(tài),加快腦組織的血液循環(huán),調(diào)動(dòng)大腦皮層的潛在能力,增強(qiáng)大腦的生物電活性,達(dá)到加快大腦皮層細(xì)胞代償活動(dòng)的作用,最終使患者的語言能力得到一定程度的恢復(fù)[22-23]。語言康復(fù)訓(xùn)練雖能改善部分患者的語言能力,但其單獨(dú)使用效果有限,因此,尋找能夠改善失語癥患者語言能力和生活質(zhì)量的新型治療方法成為臨床關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)[24]。
經(jīng)顱磁刺激是新近出現(xiàn)的一種無創(chuàng)療法,其通過磁力裝置向顱內(nèi)發(fā)射磁場(chǎng)脈沖波,利用磁場(chǎng)在組織內(nèi)產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)電流,改變腦細(xì)胞電流,當(dāng)電流強(qiáng)度超過神經(jīng)組織閾值時(shí),即會(huì)引發(fā)興奮性動(dòng)作電位,從而刺激神經(jīng)通路,達(dá)到治療目的。同時(shí)還可通過感應(yīng)電流的作用改變突觸的可塑性,使大腦神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)生變化,改善大腦的功能連接情況,從而提高語言的輸入與輸出功能,達(dá)到改善語言能力的作用[25-27]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,干預(yù)4周后,觀察組BDAE各項(xiàng)評(píng)分改善幅度較對(duì)照組更明顯,提示語言康復(fù)訓(xùn)練聯(lián)合經(jīng)顱磁刺激用于腦卒中失語癥患者能明顯改善患者的語言能力。提示經(jīng)顱磁刺激與語言康復(fù)訓(xùn)練的聯(lián)合干預(yù)刺激,能使腦卒中失語癥患者由于血管堵塞造成的神經(jīng)通路受損得到一定程度的恢復(fù),而神經(jīng)通路的恢復(fù)能使大腦各區(qū)域逐漸恢復(fù)至受損前的平衡狀態(tài),因此,能部分恢復(fù)患者語言中樞的神經(jīng)功能。同時(shí),研究顯示,干預(yù)4周后,觀察組的總有效率顯著高于對(duì)照組,提示語言康復(fù)訓(xùn)練聯(lián)合經(jīng)顱磁刺激用于腦卒中失語癥患者的效果優(yōu)于單純的語言康復(fù)訓(xùn)練治療。提示經(jīng)顱磁刺激與語言康復(fù)訓(xùn)練的聯(lián)合干預(yù)能夠改善患者的語言能力,包括理解力、閱讀力和書寫力,使患者能更好地與他人進(jìn)行交流,重新恢復(fù)正常的生活狀態(tài),更好地融入社會(huì)。
綜上所述,語言康復(fù)訓(xùn)練聯(lián)合經(jīng)顱磁刺激用于腦卒中失語癥患者,能提高患者的治療效果,改善其語言能力。但本研究觀察的例數(shù)較少,且觀察時(shí)間較短,在下一步的研究中將繼續(xù)觀察,并進(jìn)行深入探討。
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(收稿日期:2019-11-13)