深化中國—東盟產能與投資合作，可著眼“四個新”

鐘霜霞

現(xiàn)下，新冠肺炎疫情持續(xù)席卷全球，多國經濟發(fā)展正遭遇著前所未有的挑戰(zhàn)。為在“一帶一路”框架下進一步深化中國—東盟產能合作，推動區(qū)域經濟復蘇，在第17屆東博會框架下，南寧舉行了中國—東盟產能與投資合作論壇。

論壇上，與會嘉賓圍繞“深化產能合作，應對共同挑戰(zhàn)”的主題，話成效，提倡議，進一步肯定了開展產能與投資合作在直面當前危機中的積極作用。

中國—東盟產能合作持續(xù)加碼，成果喜人

據中國國家發(fā)展和改革委員會副主任、國家統(tǒng)計局局長寧吉喆介紹，目前，中國—東盟產能與投資合作穩(wěn)步向前，取得諸多成效。

在政策溝通方面，近年來中國與東盟國家積極落實《中國—東盟產能合作聯(lián)合聲明》，共同打造融合度更高、帶動力更強、受益面更廣的產業(yè)鏈、價值鏈。中國與柬埔寨、老撾、馬來西亞、緬甸、菲律賓、新加坡、越南等國簽署了產能合作和第三方市場合作的有關協(xié)議，實現(xiàn)了互利共贏。

在重大項目推進上，中國與東盟各國統(tǒng)籌推進各大合作項目的疫情防控和工程建設，目前中老鐵路土建工程已完成54%，線上的鋪軌完成了40%。中泰鐵路合作項目一期線下土建工程建設順利推進，線上工程合同已經簽署。中印尼雅萬高鐵已進入全面快速建設階段，全線土建工程完成了約70%。馬來西亞東部沿海鐵路、柬埔寨金邊西哈努克港高速公路項目都在穩(wěn)步建設中。

而廣西作為中國—東盟開放發(fā)展的前沿門戶，近年來，在產能合作、產業(yè)對接、平臺搭建等方面也取得了一系列的豐碩成果，走在了中國—東盟產能與投資合作隊伍的前列。

“廣西大力推動、主動參與國際產能合作，對外合作的區(qū)域遍布五大洲的80多個國家和地區(qū)，投資領域涵蓋冶金、汽車制造、工程基建、電子信息等裝備制造業(yè)。2016～2020年，廣西境外投資中方協(xié)議投資額年均增長32%，其中東盟國家是廣西境外投資主要的目的地?！睆V西壯族自治區(qū)人民政府常務副主席秦如培介紹道，“中馬欽州產業(yè)園區(qū)與馬中關丹產業(yè)園區(qū)‘兩國雙園開創(chuàng)了國際產能合作的新模式。大馬聯(lián)合鋼鐵年產350萬噸鋼鐵廠、上汽通用五菱印尼制造基地等一大批標志性的產能合作項目在海外相繼建成和投產，中柬農業(yè)促進中心、文萊摩拉港等一批合作平臺取得積極進展?！?/p>

聚焦產能與投資合作的“四個新”

2020年是中國—東盟自由貿易區(qū)全面建成10周年，11月15日，15個國家共同簽署了《區(qū)域全面經濟伙伴關系協(xié)定》（RCEP）。多邊自貿協(xié)定的制度安排，越來越證明各國是休戚與共的命運共同體，團結合作是應對挑戰(zhàn)的必然選擇?！爸挥泻献鞴糙A才能辦大事，辦好事，辦長久之事?！鼻厝缗嗾f。

我們必須看到，進一步加強中國與東盟國家國際產能與投資合作，共同構建更加強健、安全的產業(yè)鏈、供應鏈，有利于各國面對復雜多變的國際形勢，有利于推動東盟國家經濟復蘇和增長，有利于促進區(qū)域經濟發(fā)展和世界經濟復蘇，也有利于我們共同應對新冠肺炎疫情的挑戰(zhàn)，具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義和實際作用。如何進一步深化中國—東盟產能與投資合作？寧吉喆提出了四個“新”：

一是構建開放、包容的區(qū)域經濟合作新格局。“我們將秉持共商、共建、共享的理念，遵守當?shù)胤煞ㄒ?guī)和文化風俗，遵循經濟發(fā)展的客觀規(guī)律，加強交流對接，推進合作共贏?！睂幖獑凑f。

二是打造強健的區(qū)域合作新鏈條。中國和東盟開展產能合作重在講究時效、付諸行動，雙方應繼續(xù)加強共建“一帶一路”倡議和東盟發(fā)展規(guī)劃的對接，落實好RCEP，發(fā)揮瀾湄合作、東部經濟增長區(qū)域合作等多邊機制，以及共建“一帶一路”國際產能合作等雙邊機制的作用。加強政策溝通協(xié)調，密切標準資質等交流對接，打通壁壘，優(yōu)化資源配置，發(fā)揮各國比較優(yōu)勢，在基礎設施、制造業(yè)、農業(yè)、醫(yī)療等重點行業(yè)推動形成更加互補互助的區(qū)域產業(yè)鏈。在確保防疫安全的基礎上共同建設好地區(qū)快捷通道和綠色通道網絡，加強交通、能源、信息等基礎設施互聯(lián)互通合作，積極開展跨境電商之智慧物流合作，完善和提升物流體系功能效率，形成強健安全的區(qū)域供應鏈。

三是激發(fā)創(chuàng)新引領的區(qū)域發(fā)展新動力。當前，世界正處于新一輪科技革命和產業(yè)變革的歷史關口，雙方應努力打破制約知識、技術、人才等創(chuàng)新要素流動的壁壘，擴大企業(yè)技術交流合作，推動共建聯(lián)合實驗室、研發(fā)中心、科技園區(qū)等，重視知識產權保護，加強數(shù)字經濟、人工智能、智慧城市、新一代通訊技術、醫(yī)療等領域的創(chuàng)新合作，以創(chuàng)新的力量抗擊新冠肺炎疫情。同時穩(wěn)步推進金融合作創(chuàng)新，鼓勵在貿易投資中擴大使用本幣結算，在控制風險的基礎上優(yōu)化國際投融資金融產品，為合作項目提供多元化的融資來源。推動項目合作模式的創(chuàng)新，積極開展第三方市場合作，實現(xiàn)利益共享、風險共擔。

四是培育區(qū)域經濟綠色廉潔發(fā)展的新增長點。加強生態(tài)文明建設是區(qū)域合作的必然趨勢，我們應倡導綠色、低碳、循環(huán)、可持續(xù)的生產生活方式，擴大生態(tài)環(huán)保領域合作，在尊重國際規(guī)則、國際慣例和東道國環(huán)保法律法規(guī)的基礎上將綠色發(fā)展理念貫穿到產能與投資合作當中。同時繼續(xù)加強國際反腐合作，營造廉潔、公平的營商環(huán)境，更好地保障市場主體的合法利益。

中國開放的大門不會關閉，只會越開越大。當前，挑戰(zhàn)與機遇并存，挑戰(zhàn)中蘊含機遇，“2021年是中國和東盟建立對話關系30周年，中方期待和各方共同努力，不斷深化產能與投資合作，防范化解各類風險挑戰(zhàn)，共同構建更加開放、更加具有韌性的區(qū)域產業(yè)鏈、供應鏈，為區(qū)域經濟恢復增長和發(fā)展繁榮做出更大的貢獻，為世界經濟復蘇和可持續(xù)發(fā)展注入更多動力?！睂幖獑催@樣說道。

With the constant sweeping of the COVID-19 through the globe， multinational economic development is facing unprecedented challenges. In order to further deepen China-ASEAN cooperation in production capacity under the Belt and Road and promote regional economic recovery， China-ASEAN Production Capacity and Investment Cooperation Forum was held under the framework of the 17th CAEXPO.

At the forum， with the focus on the theme of “Deepening Production Capacity Cooperation and Coping With Common Challenges”， participants talked about the achievements， proposed suggestions， and further affirmed the positive role of production capacity and investment cooperation facing the current crisis.

China-ASEAN production capacity cooperation continues to upgrade， achieving gratifying results

According to Ning Jizhe， Deputy Director of Chinas Development and Reform Commission and Director of the National Bureau of Statistics， at present， China-ASEAN cooperation in production capacity and investment has made steady progress and achieved many results.

In terms of policy communication， in recent years， China and ASEAN have actively implemented the China-ASEAN Joint Declaration on Production Capacity Cooperation， jointly building industrial chains and value chains with deeper integration， stronger driving forces and wider benefits. China has signed agreements with Cambodia， Laos， Malaysia， Myanmar， the Philippines， Singapore， Vietnam and other countries on production capacity cooperation and third-party market cooperation， realizing common interests and mutual benefits.

On major projects， China and ASEAN countries have coordinated the prevention and control of major cooperation and construction projects， such as completing 54% of the China-Laos Railway and 40% of the track laying. Besides， the construction of offline civil engineering of the phase-one China-Thailand Railway cooperation project has been smoothly promoted， and the online project contract has been signed. The Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway linking China and Indonesia has entered the stage of comprehensive and rapid construction， and about 70% of the civil works of the whole line have been completed. The construction of Malaysias eastern coastal railway and Cambodias Phnom Penh Sihanouk Port expressway are being implemented steadily.

In recent years， Guangxi， as the frontier gateway of China-ASEAN open development， has also made a series of fruitful achievements in production capacity cooperation， industrial docking， platform construction， etc.， taking the lead in China-ASEAN production capacity and investment cooperation.

“Guangxi vigorously promotes and actively participates in international production capacity cooperation， covering more than 80 countries and regions in five continents， with investment fields in metallurgy， automobile manufacturing， engineering infrastructure， electronic information and other equipment manufacturing industries. From 2016 to 2020， the amount of overseas investment in Guangxi increased by 32%， among which ASEAN countries are the main destination of Guangxis overseas investment，” said Qin Rupei， Executive Vice Governor of the Peoples Government of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. “China-Malaysia Qinzhou Industrial Park and Malaysia-China Kuantan Industrial Park， namely ‘Two Countries， Twin Parks， have created a new mode of international production capacity cooperation. A large number of landmark capacity cooperation projects have been completed and put into operation overseas， such as the Alliance Steel （M） Sdn. Bhd.， with an annual output of 3.5 million tons and the Indonesian manufacturing base of SAIC GM Wuling. Positive progress has been made in a number of cooperation platforms such as the China-Cambodia agricultural promotion center and Brunei Muara Port.”

Third， stimulate the new driving force of regional development driven by innovation. At present， the world is at the historical juncture of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. Both sides should strive to break the barriers restricting the flow of innovative elements such as knowledge， technology and talents， expand technological exchanges and cooperation between enterprises， promote co-construction of joint laboratories， R&D centers and science and technology parks， attach importance to the protection of intellectual property rights， and strengthen innovative cooperation in digital economy， artificial intelligence， smart city and communication in a new generation， and fight against the COVID-19 with innovation. At the same time， we should steadily promote financial cooperation and innovation， encourage local currency settlement in trade and investment， optimize international investment and financing? products on the basis of risk control， and provide diversified financing sources for cooperative projects. Besides， we need to promote the innovation of project cooperation modes， actively carry out the third-party market cooperation， and realize shared interests and risks.

Fourth， cultivate a new growth point for the green and clean development of regional economy. Strengthening the construction of ecological civilization is an inevitable trend of regional cooperation. We should advocate green， low-carbon， circular and sustainable production and life style， expand cooperation in ecological and environmental protection， and integrate the concept of green development into production capacity and investment cooperation on the basis of respecting international rules， international practices and environmental protection laws and regulations of the host country. At the same time， we should continue to strengthen international anti-corruption cooperation and create a clean and fair business environment， to better protect the legitimate interests of market entities.

Chinas door of opening up will not be closed and will only be opened even wider. At present， challenges and opportunities coexist， and we can see opportunities in challenges. “2021 will mark the 30th anniversary of the establishment of dialogue between China and ASEAN. China looks forward to working with all parties to continuously deepen production capacity and investment cooperation， prevent and resolve various risks and challenges， and jointly build more open and more resilient regional industrial chains and supply chains， so as to make greater contributions to the recovery of regional economic growth， development and prosperity and inject more impetus into the global economic recovery and sustainable development，” said Ning Jizhe.